Candidates will be asked to attempt total five questions. They will attempt at least one question fromeach section. Each question will carry 20 marks.

Computer Architecture: Introduction to modern machine Architecture, Storage Hierarchy, Main / Virtual / Cache / Secondary memory, CPU, ALU, Peripheral communication, designing of instruction set, stored programme concept, introduction to parallel computing, SIMD / MIMD

Operating system: Functions / Types of operating systems, Processes, Interprocesses, Communication / Synchronization / Coordination, Process Scheduling Policies, Visual Memory Management Techniques, Paging / Segmentation, File Management Systems

Computer Networks: LAN / WAN / MAN, communication channels, internetworking, internet, network layer structure, ISO Internet Protocol, OSI / TCP / IP reference model


Structured and Object Oriented Programming
Basics of C/C++ environment, memory concepts, operators, control structures, selection structures, Array & functions / methods, classes & data abstractions, inheritance and polymorphism

Data Structures and Algorithms
Pseudo language, functions, iteration, recursion, time / complexity analysis, stacks queue, hashing, linked list, searching, sequential, binary, sorting algorithms, graphic algorithms, tree algorithms, trees, ADTs, implementation using structured / object oriented languages

Software Engineering
Introduction to software engineering, software life cycle, software design methodologies, structured / object oriented, software documentation and management, introduction to CASE tools

Database Management
Data, Models, E R Models, Relational Database concepts, SQL normalization, Database Design

Web Programming
HTML, CGI, PERL, JAVA, Applet / Script, WWW, Web based interface design

Computer Graphics
Fundamentals of input, display and hard copy devices, scan conversion of geometric primitives, 2D and 3D geometric transformations, clipping and windowing, scene modeling and animation, algorithms for visible and surface determination

Constitutional law – Principles of constitutional law with special reference to United Kingdom, United States of America, France, former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, Pakistan and India

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1. Micro Economics: Consumer Behaviour, Determination of market demand and supply, theory of the Firm, producer’s equilibrium pricing of the factors of production

2. Macro Economics: Basic economic concepts, National Income Accounting, consumption function and multiplier, determination of equilibrium level of income and output, inflation

3. Money and banking: Functions of money, Quantity Theory of money, the Fisher and Cambridge Formulations, systems of note issue, credit creation, functions and central banks, instruments of credit control, Theory of Liquidity Preference

4. Public Financing: Government expenditure, sources of government revenue, types of taxes, incidence of different taxes, public debt, objectives, methods of repayment, deficit financing

5. International Trade: Theory of comparative cost, arguments for protection, balance of payments, international liquidity, international money and banking institutions


1. Definition and measurement of development, characteristics of under development, rethinking on the concept of development, Growth vs. Redistributive Justice, absolute and relative poverty, basic needs approach

2. Planning experience of Pakistan: A critical evaluation of the strategy of economic planning

3. Agricultural development in Pakistan: Changes in agriculture policies over plan periods, major monetary and fiscal measures to promote agricultural development, Green Revolution strategy and its implications for growth and redistribution, Land Reforms and changes in the tenure system 1950 – 1980, Cooperative Farming

4. Industrial development in Pakistan: Early industrialization strategy, creation of Financial and Development Institutions, major monetary and fiscal measures to promote industrial development, changing role of public sector over the plan periods, evaluation of nationalization policy, concentration of industrial income and wealth

5. Role of foreign trade and aid in economic development. Trends of Pakistan’s Balance of Payments, changes in direction of trade, trends in Pakistan’s major exports and imports, causes of significant changes in the trends, the role of migration and remittances in Pakistan’s economy, costs and benefits of Foreign Aid

6. Privatization, denationalization and deregulation, conceptual and operational aspects, international comparisons

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Detailed study of a literary age (19th Century)

The paper will cover the study of English literature from 1798 to 1900 with special reference to the works of W. Blake, Wordsworth, Shelly, Keats, Byron, Charles Lamb, Dickens, Tennyson, Robert Browning, Hardy, George Elliot, J.S. Mill, Ruskin and Oscar Wilde.

Evidence of first hand reading will be required. The paper will be designed to test not only the candidates’ knowledge of the prescribed authors but also their understanding of the main literary trends during the period. Questions having a bearing on the social and cultural background of the Period also be included.

The paper will require first hand knowledge of the text prescribed as well as general awareness of the authors’ major works and will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability

1 Shakespeare - Hamlet
2 Swift Gulliver’s - Travels
3 Jane Austin - Pride and Prejudice
4 Shaw - Pygmalion
5 Yeats - The Second Coming, Sailing to Byzantium, Among School Children
6 T.S. Eliot - The Waste Land
7 D.H. Lawrence - Sons & Lovers
8 Earnest Hemingway - Old Man & The Sea
9 Samuel Backet- Waiting for Godot
10 Robert Frost - The Pasture, Revelation, The Tuft of Flowers, After Apple Picking, Mending Wall, The Road Not Taken, An Old Man’s Winter Night, Birches, Fire and Ice, Stopping by Woods, West-running Brook, Desert Places

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

1. French Revolution: Background, Old Regime, Philosophers, Estate General, National Assembly, England’s reaction, parties in the Legislative Assembly, the fall of Monarchy, European coalition against France and the war, the second and the third partition of Poland, the Terror and the end of Terror, France and Europe 1793 – 95

2. Napoleon Bonaparte: The rise of Napoleon to power, Napoleon as emperor, statesman and warrior, Napoleon and Europe, the continental system, the fall of Napoleon, England’s role in the catastrophe of Napoleon

3. Vienna Settlement and concept of Europe: Treaty of Chaumont, First treaty of Paris, Second treaty of Paris, Treaty of Vienna, Holy Alliance, Quadruple Alliance, Congress system and failure of congress system, British leadership.

4. England 1814 – 1833: Effects of War Period, Constitutional Development, Progress in Industry, Agriculture & Culture

5. Europe 1815 to 1848: The forces of continuity and reaction, Metternich system, the force of change and progress, Nationalism, Democracy, Liberalism, Socialism, Revolution in France 1830, Revolution in France in 1848 and the sequence of revolutions in Europe

6. The Eastern Question 1820 to 1878: Background, the Greek Revolt 1820 to independence 1832, the Crimean War 1853 to 1856 and Peace Treaty of Paris, Pan Slavisin, the Russo-Turkish War 1877, the treaty of San Stefano, the Congress and the Treaty of Berlin 1878

7. Risorgimento and the Union of Italy: Revolutionary movements in Italy, Mazzini, Cavour and other architects of Italian unification, Napoleon III and Italian unity, foreign policy of Italy after unification to 1914

8. Unification of Germany: Background, Napoleon and Germany, Rise of Prussia, Zollverein, Revolution of 1848 and Germany, Rise of Bismarck and his role as architect of German unity, wars with Denmark, Austria and France, Domestic and foreign policy of Bismarck from 1870 to 1890, foreign policy of Germany from 1890 to 1914

9. The growth of colonization and of Overseas Empire 1815 – 92: Different forms of colonization, British colonial policy and expansion, French colonial policy and expansion, the French in North Africa, Suez Canal, Anglo French control in Egypt, Russia in the Caucasus and Turkistan, Anglo Russian results of colonial development

10. England 1893 to 1910: Social and constitutional reforms, material progress, social thought and culture

11. Road to the First World War: Alliances and counter alliances, Drickaiserbund, Austro German alliance 1879, Triple Alliance 1882, the formation of Dual Alliance 1891-93, Anglo-Japanese alliance, French British and Russo British Entente, their crisis – Algeciras, Bosnia, Agadir, German Navy, Baghdad Railway, Balkan Crisis, the cause of First World War (1914 – 1960)


1. First World War: Events – USA’s entry into the War, Wilson’s 14 points, the choice of the Turks, War in the Middle East, Britain’s Middle East policy during the War, Balfour Declaration, defeat of Germany, Austria and Turkey, effects of the war

2. Peace treaties: The Treaty of Versailles, the Big Four, the basis of the Treaty, the Treaty of Versailles and the US. The Treaties of St. Germaine and Trianon, the Treaty of Serres, the Treaty of Lausanne

3. The League of Nations: The Covenant, the League between the two Wars, causes of failure

4. Marxism and the Soviet Union: The Russian Revolution 1917, Lenin, the Third International 1919, civil war in Russia, Trotsky. The constitution of USSR. Stalin, First Five Year Plan, purges, the Russian foreign policy between the two Wars

5. Italy and Fascism: Effects of the War on Italy, Mussolini’s rise to power, Fascist party and principles, Italy’s foreign policy between the two Wars

6. Germany and Nazism: Germany from the Versailles Treaty to Hitler, origins of Nazism, Mein Kamph, Hitler’s rise to power, domestic policy of Hitler, the totalitarian state, Hitler’s foreign policy

7. France between the two Wars: Defects of the French Constitution, collapse of the Third Republic, foreign policy of France between the Wars

8. England between the two Wars: Disadvantages of Parliamentary government, Cabinet Government in England, Depression of 1929 and England, stability of the British Commonwealth, foreign policy of England between the Wars

9. The Second World War: Causes, the events, Atlantic Charter, Tehran, Yalta and Postdam conferences, the allied victory, effects of the War

10. The UNO: Origin, the charter of the UNO, UNO as peace keeping force

11. The political state of Europe 1945-50: The new balance of power in Europe, Russian domination of Eastern Europe, decisions on Germany’s future, economic collapse of western Europe and recovery, Marshal Plan, Cold War, the blockade of Berlin, NATO

12. The rise of Russia as a great power: The effects of the War on Russia, the fruit of victory, Warsaw Pact, Russia’s efforts to spread its influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America 1945 – 1960

13. France after the Second World War: Fourth French Republic, French colonial policy after Second World War, Algeria, Indochina, De Gaulle’s domestic and foreign policy

14. England after the Second World War: The rise of the Labour Party, economic policy of the Labour Party’s government, England’s colonial policy after the Second World War, decline of England as world power, British Commonwealth, England and the common market, England and the Middle East 1945-1960

15. Europe and Common Market: The origin and evolution of the European common market upto 1960

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

1. Ecology and general silviculture
2. Forest statistics, Mensuration and research methods
3. Forest Management and Economics
4. Water Shed management
5. Range management
6. Forests surveying and Engineering
7. Forest policy, law and protection
8. Forest biology, wildlife and natural park management

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

1. Elements of weather and climate: Insulation and Atmospheric Temperature, Global Radiation and Heat Balance, Atmospheric Pressure and winds, Humidity And Precipitation, Air Masses, fronts and atmospheric disturbances, classification of climate and climatic regions

2. Landforms: Major landforms, Rocks – origin, formation and classification. Internal structure of the Earth, earthquakes and volcancity, weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition, cycle of erosion, landforms produced by underground and ground water, wind and glacier

3. Oceans: Continental margins and the sea floor, Distribution of Temperature and Salinity. Movements of ocean water – waves, currents and tides

4. Study of maps: Types of maps – topographical maps, aerial photographs, weather maps. Map projections – classification and choice of projections, merits and demerits of cylindrical, conical and zenithal projections, diagrams, graphs and distribution maps based on statistical data

1. Human Geography: Man and his habitat – concepts of environmentalism and possibilism, world population distribution, structure and growth (natural increase and migration), world, society and culture, races, languages and religions, levels of education and welfare. Settlements – rural and urban, characteristics and problems of urban places. Population / resource regions

2. Economic geography: Economic activities – primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary activity – agricultural systems, substinence, intensive, extensive, mechanized and mixed farming. Production, distribution and trade of major cereal and non-cereal crops. Forests and fisheries. Power resources. Major industries – iron and steel, textiles and chemical industries, politicoeconomic relationship between the more developed and the less developed countries

3. Regional geography: Economic and social regions of the world, regional geography of South Asia with special reference to Pakistan under the following heads: Resource Base (Human, Physical And Economic) Transport, Trade and International Relations

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1. General Geology: Earth as a planet, its origin and age, internal structure of the earth and lithospheric plates, internal and external geological processes such as earthquakes, volcanism, weathering, erosion and deposition, geomorphic cycles

2. Structural geology: Primary sedimentary structures, mechanical properties of rocks, description and classification of secondary structures. Structures in metamorphic rocks. Orogeny and geosynclines in plate tectonic framework. Major tectonic features of the earth. Geodynamics of Pakistan

3. Paleontology: Fossils and their preservation. Morphology, evolution and geologic distribution of major invertebrate phyla. Micropaleontology of foraminifers, vertebrate and plant fossil

4. Stratigraphy: Stratigraphic nomenclature and stratigraphic codes. Principles of correlation. Sedimentary basins in Pakistan and detailed stratigraphy of type sections

5. Mineralogy: Chemical composition of the earth crust. Minerals – their physical and chemical properties. Space lattice, symmetry classes and crystal systems. Crystal optics. Atomic structure of crystals and X-Ray diffraction. Detailed study of important rock forming minerals.

6. Petrology: Origin and evolution of magma, binary and ternary silicate systems. Description of important plutonic and volcanic associations. Sedimentary environments and processes. Petrography of major types of sedimentary rocks. Metamorphism, metamorphic zones and facies. Description of principle types of metamorphic rocks, metamorphism and magnetism in relation to plate tectonics.


1. Economic Geology: Processes of formation of mineral deposits. Detailed study of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits of Pakistan. Mineral based industries. Metallogeny in Pakistan.

2. Energy resources: Constitution and kinds of coal. Geology of Pakistan coal fields. Origin, migration and accumulation of natural hydro-carbons. Oil well drilling and drilling muds. Oil and gas fields in Pakistan. Origin and occurrence of radioactive minerals. Pakistan resource of atomic energy, minerals. Geothermal energy, recovery and uses.

3. Engineering geology: Geological factors in the construction of civil engineering projects. Geology of dam sites of Pakistan. Landslides and stability of slopes. Open and subsurface evacuations. Construction materials and building stones. Site investigation and foundation analysis

4. Hydrogeology: Groundwater occurrence and types of aquifers. Movement of groundwater. Salinity and water logging. Water resources of Pakistan.

5. Exploration Geology: Geological mapping and traditional prospecting methods. Photo geology and remote sensing mineral exploration. Dispersion of trace elements and geo-chemical surveys. Geophysical techniques for prospecting of solid minerals, oil and water

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

- Arrival of the Muslims in the sub-continent, foundation of Muslim rule – administrative system and reforms under the Sultans and the Mughals

- Structure of the Muslim society

- Industry, trade and commerce under the Muslim patronage, the army, financial administration, zakat, ushr, kheraj etc

- Administration of justice – Sufis and ulemas – the Madrassahs and maktabs – Auqaf

- Art and architecture, literature, sports, dress – Muslim contribution to scientific knowledge – policy of the Muslim rulers towards non-Muslims. The spirit and legacy of Muslim civilization


- Arrival of European nations – decline and fall of Muslim rule, contributions of Shah Wali Ullah, Syed Ahmad Shaheed and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan towards regeneration of the Muslim Hindu reform movements and anti-Muslim role of Hindu leaders

- Constitutional reforms of the British government and growth of the political parties – Indian National Congress, All India Muslim League. Partition of Bengal, Simla Deputation, Role of Nawab Mohsin-ul-Milk, Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk

- Syed Ameer Ali, the Agha Khan and other Muslim leaders, Lukhnow Pact, Khilafat Movement, Contribution of Maulana Muhammad Ali, Allama Iqbal, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah for Muslim uplift and welfare

- Nehru report, Quaid-e-Azam’s 14 points, Allama Iqbal’s Allahabad Address 1930, Round Table Conference, the Congress role in the provinces, Lahore Resolution 1940, various missions and plans for the partition of the sub-continent

- Quaid-e-Azam as an organizer of the Muslim League, Muslim leader and maker of Pakistan


- Constitution making in Pakistan – various attempts at constitution making. Difficulties in establishing a parliamentary democracy, imposition of various martial laws, nature of Pakistan’s economy, development plans, role of foreign aid

- Separation of East Pakistan, causes and effects. Pakistan and the world – major powers, Islamic world, relations with India

- Social and intellectual trends after 1947. contribution of Quaid-e-Azam as first Governor General and Liaqat Ali Khan as first Prime Minister

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Facts of political history from the early settlers to the present day. Questions will also be asked on economic and constitutional development of the USA

Note: Credit will be given not only for precise presentations of facts but also for sound critical judgment.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.