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33. POLITICAL SCIENCE 1. Political TheoryTotal Marks – 200 Paper I Marks – 100 Part A a. Western political thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, Mill, Marx, Lenin, Mao b. Muslim political thought: Al-farabi, Al-Mawardi, Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn-e- Khaldun, Iqbal Part B 2. The nature and emergence of modern state system, Islamic concept of state 3. political concepts: Sovereignty, law, liberty, equality, rights and duties 4. Political dynamics: Public opinion, propaganda, political parties, pressure groups 5. Political Institutions: Legislature, executive, judiciary, political elites, civil and military bureaucracy 6. Forms of government: Monarchy, democracy, dictatorship, unitary and federal, Presidential and Parliamentary 7. Totalitarianism: Fascism, communism 8. Local self-government: Theory and practice with special reference to Pakistan Paper II Marks – 100 Part A 1. Selected political systems: Nature and dynamics of major political institutions in USA, UK, France and former Soviet Union Part B 2. Political systems of developing countries: Turkey, Iran, India and China 3. Rise of Muslim nationalism in South Asia with special reference to the role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah 4. A comparative and critical analysis of the 1956, 1962, 1973 and 1985 Constitutions of Pakistan |
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34. PSYCHOLOGY INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. Definition and scope of Psychology, psychology as a source of science of behaviour, schools and systems of psychology, recent trends to psychologyTotal Marks – 200 Paper I Marks – 100 2. Nervous system: Structure and functions of cells, central and peripheral nervous system, Endocrine system 3. Learning: Conditioning – classical and operant, reinforcement, avoidance conditioning, extinction, discrimination learning, imprinting, theories of learning, verbal learning, probability learning, concept learning, perpetual learning, transfer and interference, motivational factors in learning, readiness and individual differences in learning 4. Nature of motives and emotions: Homeostasis, biogenic and social motives. Measurement of human motivation, theories or motivation – Maslow, Lewir and Freud, theories of emotion, role of endocrine plants, frustration and conflict 5. Nature of perpetual organization: Perception of distance, movement, space, depth, colour, perceptual constancy, effect of learning and motivation on perception, senses viz. vision, hearing and other senses. Perception and sensation, determinations of perception (needs, attitudes, sets, values, personality traits, emotional states, suggestions etc) 6. Nature and determinants of personality: Factors in development of personality. Theories of personality, trait and types, Freudian, Neo-Freudian, Murry, Allport, Cattel. Types of personality tests and their rationale 7. Socialization: Society and personality, formation of opinions and attitudes, Prejudice 8. Structure and functions of groups, role status relations, group norms, group solidarity, intergroup tensions, international tensions Paper II Marks – 100 1. Meaning, phases and characteristics of growth development and maturation, methods of developmental psychology, biological and socio-cultural factors, importance of developmental psychology, broad approaches to study of children 2. Pre-natal development and infancy: Genetic factors, hereditary transmission and chromosomal abnormality, stages, developmental irregularities, psychological and physical characteristics of the infant. Method of studying infant behaviour 3. Physical, motor and sensory development, perceptuals development, intellectual development: Development of logical thought in early childhood, development of concepts, creativity, emotional development patterns, characteristics, some common emotional patterns 4. Concept of abnormality: Popular and scientific, goals of clinical diagnosis, personality assessment, behavioral assessment. Nature of clinical judgment, sources of information in clinical diagnosis, assessment of organizations, institutions and environment. Professional issues. The nature of professional preparation for clinical psychological work. Ethical standards and legal issues 5. Therapies: Somatic therapies, environmental therapies, psycho-analytic, phenomenological, existential, Gestalt, rational – emotive and cognitive therapies, behaviour therapy and behaviour modification. Group therapies 6. Intelligence: Its nature and assessment. Mental retardation 7. Biological and sociological factors in maladjustments and crime. Juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, alcoholic and sex offences – characteristics, causation and treatment 8. Psychoneurotic disorders, psychosis, character disorders, Psychosomatic disorders 9. Industry: Nature of the work situations, work, vocation, personality and society, working environment, works methods and modern approaches, work efficiency, group dynamics, work incentives, job satisfaction
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35. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Total Marks – 100 1. Public administration: Its nature and scope, the role of public administration in a modern welfare state 2. Major schools of thought in administration: Scientific Management Movement. Human relationists, behavioral school, systemic theory 3. Bureaucracy: Concept of bureaucracy, theories of bureaucracy, ecology of bureaucracy, bureaucracy of Pakistan as a change agent 4. Administrative leadership: Approaches to the study of leadership, forms of leadership, leadership qualities 5. Administrative accountability: Internal and external controls, executive control, legislative control, judicial control, Ombudsman, public opinion and pressure groups, problems of administrative accountability in Pakistan 6. Planning: Types of plans, planning process, principles of planning, planning machinery, the system of planning and programming in Pakistan. Planning machinery in Pakistan 7. Organization: Types of organization, theories of organization, principles of organization, the organization of federal and provincial governments in Pakistan. Public corporations in Pakistan 8. Personnel administration: Nature and scope of personnel administration, personnel functions, tools of personnel management, salient features of the system of Public Personnel Management in Pakistan 9. Controlling and coordination: Forms of controls, control mechanism, the process of control, principles of controlling, principles of coordination, machinery for coordination, problems of coordination in public administration in Pakistan 10. Communication: Types of communication, communication channels, communication process, principles of communication 11. Financial administration: Elements of financial administration, performance and programmed budgeting, capital budget. Principles of budgeting, auditing and accounting
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36. PURE MATHEMATICS Total Marks – 200 Paper I Marks – 100 Candidates will be asked to attempt three questions from Section A and two questions from Section B Section A Modern Algebra 1. Groups, subgroups, languages, theorem, cyclic groups, normal sub-groups, quotient groups, fundamental theorem of homomorphism. Isomorphism theorems of groups, inner automorphosms. Conjugate elements, conjugate sub-groups, commutator sub-groups 2. Rings, sub rings, integral domains, quotient fields, isomorphism theorems, field extension and finite fields 3. Vector spaces, linear independence, bases, dimensions of a finitely generated space, linear transformations, matrices and their algebra. Reduction of matrices to their echelon form. Rank and nullity of a linear transformation 4. Solution of a system of homogenous and non-homogenous linear equations. Properties of determinants. Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Eigen values and eigenvectors. Reduction to canonical forms, specially digitalization Section B Geometry 1. Conic sections in Cartesian coordinates, Plane polar coordinates and their use to represent the straight line and conic sections. Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates in three dimension. The plane, the sphere, the ellipsoid, the paraboloid and the hyperboloid in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates 2. Vector equations for plane and for space-curves. The arc length. The osculating plane. The tangent, normal and bi-normal. Curvature and torsion. Serre-Frenet’s formulae. Vector equations for surfaces. The first and second fundamental forms. Normal, principal, Gaussian and mean curvatures Paper II Marks – 100 Candidates will be asked to attempt any three questions from Section A and two questions from Section B Section A Calculus and Real Analysis 1. Real numbers, limits, continuity, differentiability, indefinite integration, mean value theorems. Taylor’s theorems, indeterminate form. Asymptotes, curve tracing, definite integrals, functions of several variables. Partial derivates. Maxima and minima. Jacobeans, double and triple integration (Techniques only). Applications of Beta and Gamma functions. Areas and volumes. Riemann-Stieltje’s integral. Improper integrals and their conditions of existence. Implicit function theorem. Absolute and conditional convergence of series of real terms. Rearrangement of series, uniform convergence of series 2. Metric spaces. Open and closed spheres. Closure, interior and exterior of a set 3. Sequence in metric space. Cauchy sequence, convergence of sequences, examples, complete metric spaces, continuity in metric spaces. Properties of continuous functions Section B Complex analysis Function of a complex variable, Demoiver’s theorem and its applications. Analytic functions, Cauchy’s theorem. Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series. Singularities. Cauchy residue theorem and contour integration. Fourier series and Fourier transforms. Analytic continuation
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37. PUSHTO Total Marks – 100 1. Essay on prominent works of personalities and writers 2. translation of unseen passages from pushto into English and Urdu 3. Translation of unseen passages of English or urdu into Pashto 4. General questions on evolution and criticism of Pushto prose and poetry 5. folk literature: Introduction of tappa, charbaita, lobha, neemakai, sandara and badala (including folk stories)
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38. SOCIOLOGY Total Marks – 100 1. Individual, culture and society: Individual as a social product. The variety of social forms, methods of socialization, ethnocentrisms, norms and values, cultural patterns, varieties of sub-cultures 2. Sociological theory: The sociological perspectives – Evolutionary, order and conflict, evolutionary theorists – Ibn-i-Khaldun, Spencer and Tannis. Order theorists – August Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Conflict theorists – George Hegel, Karl Marx, Lewis Coser, Mills 3. Methods of sociological research: Research design, surveys, participant observation, experiments, case studies 4. Social interaction: Significance of social classes, forms of social classes – tribes, biradaris, castes, classes and feudal system in Pakistan. Social mobility – nature of social mobility. Mobility determinants in Pakistan society, social immobility, culture in poverty 5. Social control: Mechanism of social control – internal and external means of social control. Alienation, integration – integrative patterns in Pakistani society 6. Social and cultural change and social policy: Processed of social and culture change – discovery, invention, diffusion, factors in rate of social and cultural change. Incentives and inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan. Social planning and directed social and cultural change 7. Community: The rural community, traditional characteristics of rural life, the urban community, rural – urban convergence, urbanism, future of cities in Pakistan 8. Social institutions: The nature and genesis of institutions, the process of institutions, functions and trade of social institutions. Family, religion, educational, economic and political institutions 9. Social problems in Pakistan: Population growth, demographic transition – deviant behaviour, institutionalized evasions, social conflicts, internal and international migration, aging, drug abuse, prostitution, smuggling, illiteracy and poverty
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39. STATISTICS Total Marks – 100 1. Basic probability: Axiomatic definition of probability, random variable, distribution function, probability density function, mathematical expectation, conditional probability, jointly distributed random variables, marginal and conditional distribution, conditional expectation, stochastic independence 2. Some special distributions: Binomial, Poisson, negative binomial, hyper geometric, normal distributions with their derivation of their mean and variance. Definition and application of chisquare, “T” and “F” distributions 3. Statistical inference: Maximum likelihood estimation of the mean and the variance of a normal population. Confidence interval for mean, difference of means and for variance, testing hypothesis for the equality of two means (paired and un-paired observations), testing of equality of several means (ANOVA) and testing of variance and equality of two variance 4. Correlation and regression: Simple linear regression model, point and interval estimation of parameters. Simple, partial, multiple correlation and testing of these correlations 5. Sampling, simple random, stratified, systematic and cluster sampling, estimates of mean and total and their precision 6. Applications of statistics in social, economic and political problems, public health, crimes, law, social innovations, economic development, socio-political inequality
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40. ZOOLOGY Total Marks – 200 Paper I Marks – 100 Invertebrate and chordate zoology The candidates will be required to attempt five questions – three from Part A and two from Part b Part A Invertebrate General organization (general morphology, mode of life, adaptations, life cycles and economic importance) of the following groups with special reference to the topics mentioned in each group:
Part B Origin, comparative account of skeleton, circulatory, excretory and nervous systems, development (Egg types, cleavage, blastula and gastrula, germ layer / formation, embryonic membranes and placentation) natural history (mode of life, migration, adaptations, biting mechanism of snakes)Chordate Paper II Marks – 100 The candidates will be required to attempt at least one question from each part Part A Cell biology: Morphology, chemical composition and functions of nucleus, nuclear inclusion and cytoplasmic organelles, protein synthesis and molecular genetics, mechanism of mitosis and meiosis Part B General physiology: Respiration, respiratory mechanism, respiratory pigments, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, circulation. Haemodynamics, control of cardio vascular system, nutrition, modes of nutrition, digestion and assimilation of food stuff. Excretion – nature and sources of substance excreted, modes of excretions, nervous system, nerve impulses, hormones and their biological action Part C Genetics: Mendelian principles, multiple alleles, interaction of genes – linkages and crossing over, mapping of genes, sex determination and sex linkages, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, gene concept Part D Evolution: Origin of life, organic diversity, theories to account for organic diversity, Phylogeny and ontogeny, species concept, mechanism of evolution, modern concept of natural selection, evolutionary trends Part E Ecology: Concept of Ecosystem, biochemical cycles, animal adaptations to major habitats, environmental pollution and its effect on life.
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tariq jamil. |
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