The Syllabus and standard for the Competitive Examination for the
Provincial Management Service shall be as under : -

1. The Examination shall include compulsory and optional subjects, and every candidate shall take all the compulsory subjects and opt for three of the optional subjects carrying 600 marks in all but not more than 200 marks from a single group.

2. A candidate shall answer the language papers in the language concerned. The question paper in Islamiat is to be answered in Urdu or English. All other papers must be answered in English. Violation of this instruction shall incur cancellation of the concerned paper(s) and consequently award of Zero.

3. The compulsory and optional subjects and maximum marks fixed for each subject shall be as below:

Sr. No. .... .. .. .. . Subjects.. .. .. .. .. . Maximum Marks
.. 1 .. .. English (Prιcis & Composition) .. .. .. .. 100
.. 2 .. .. English Essay .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 100
.. 3 .. .. General Knowledge
.. .. .. ..(a) Current Affairs .. .. .. .. .. .. .., .. .. 100
.. .. .. ..(b) Every Day Science .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 100
.. .. .. ..(c) Pakistan Affairs .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. 100
.. .. .. ..Total .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .... 300
.. 4 .. .. Islamiat .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. 100
.. 5 .. .. Viva Voce .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. 300
.. .. .. ..Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 900

Qualifying marks in the aggregate of written papers: 600

Qualifying marks in the Viva Voce: 120

The non-Muslim candidates will have the option to take Islamiat as
a compulsory subject or otherwise Pakistan Affairs (General Knowledge Paper-III) will be treated of 200 marks and counted in lieu of Islamiat.

A candidate who fails to appear in any of the compulsory subject will
not be allowed to appear in the remaining papers of the examination.

No candidate shall be summoned for Viva voce test unless he has
obtained at least 33 percent marks in each optional subject, 40% in the each compulsory subject and 50% marks in the aggregate of the written portion of the Examination.

No candidate shall be considered to have qualified the examination
unless he also obtains at least 40% marks in Viva voce. Failure in or absence from Viva Voce shall mean that the candidate has failed to qualify for appointment and his name will not be included in the merit list.

The candidates are required to select optional subjects carrying a total of
600 marks, but not more than 200 marks from a single group (The grouping of optional subjects are as under):

S.No. SUBJECT MARKS

Group 1

Note: Business Administration Cannot be opted in combination with Public
Administration

5. Accountancy & Auditing ..200
6. Economics ... ... ............200
7. Business Administration ..100
8. Public Administration .. . -.100

Group 2

9. Political Science ... 200
10. Agriculture ... .....100
11. Forestry ... ... ... 100
12. Sociology ... ....-.100
13. Journalism ... .--. 100

14. Pure Mathematics .......200
15. Applied Mathematics .-.200
16. Computer Science ...-..100
17. Statistics ....... ....--...100

18. Physics ....... 200
19. Geology ...-...200
20. Geography -.-200
21. Chemistry.-.-.200
22. Botany ...---.200
23. Zoology ..--..200

24. Islamic History & Culture .... ..200
25. History of Pakistan & India ..-.200
26. British History .... ... ........ .. 200
27. European History .... ... -...-..200
28. History of the U.S.A. ..... .-...100

29. Law ... ... ... ..... ... ... ..... ... .200
30. Constitutional Law ... ... -.. .-.. 100
31. Mercantile Law ... ... ... ..... ... 100
32. Muslim Law & Jurisprudence ... .100
33. International Law . ... ..... .-. -.100
34. International Relations ... ... ....100

35. Philosophy ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...200
36. Psychology including experimental Psychology ... 200

37. English Literature ....200
38. Persian .... ... .....-..200
39. Arabic .... ... .......- 200
40. Pushto .... ... ....-.. 100
41. Urdu .... ... .......- ..200

http://www.nwfppsc.gov.pk/pms/docs/PMS%20Syllabus.pdf

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N.B – The topics mentioned under each subject are only indicative and not exhaustive of the field covered by that subject. The candidate should study the whole subject with the help of relevant books.


Total Marks – 100

Candidates will be required to write one or more essays in English. A wide choice of subjects will be given.



Total Marks – 100

The examination will be based upon a paper carrying 100 marks and will be geared to test the candidates’ ability to handle grammatical structure, reading comprehension and analysis and prιcis writing and composition.

A candidate should be capable of:

• Using English correctly and efficiently as a vehicle of communication.
• Reading, comprehending and analyzing advanced texts

Grammar and Vocabulary

The candidate’s ability to handle the structure of English will be tested by framing items based upon grammatical categories that usually create problems for foreign students. There shall be no prescribed course for this purpose.

Reading Comprehension and Analysis

Two unseen passages shall be given with a fixed reading time and multiple choice questions would be placed at the end to be answered. The passage for comprehension shall be fairly technical. The passages would be selected from writings on economic, social, cultural subjects and international affairs.

Prιcis Writing

The candidates will be required to present an acceptable prιcis of a given passage. The unseen passage will be selected from current, economic, social, cultural and international affairs.



Total Marks – 300

Marks – 100

1. Introduction
Nature of Science: Brief History of Science with special reference to contribution of Muslims in theevolution and development of science. Impact of Science on society

2. The Physical Sciences

• Constituents and Structure:- Universe, Galaxy, Solar system, Sun, Earth, Minerals

• Processes of Nature:- Solar and Lunar Eclipses; Day and Night and their variation;

• (c) Energy :- Sources and resources of Energy, Energy conservation;

1. Ceramics, Plastics, Semiconductors;
2. Radio, Television, Telephones, Camera, Laser, Microscope
3. Computers, Satellites;
4. Antibiotics, Vaccines, Fertilizers, Pesticides

3. Biological Sciences

• The basis of life – the cell, chromosomes, genes, nucleic acids
• The building blocks – proteins, hormones and other nutrients. Concept of balanced diet. Metabolism
• Survey of Plant and Animal Kingdom – a brief survey of plant and animal kingdom to pinpoint similarities and diversities in nature
• The Human body – a brief account of human Physiology and Human behaviour

Marks – 100

Candidates will be expected to display such general knowledge of History, Geography and Politics as is necessary to interpret current affairs

1. Pakistan’s relations with its neighbours
2. Pakistan’s relations with Middle Eastern, African and Far Eastern Countries
3. Pakistan’s relations with big powers
4. International Economic Issues and Pakistan
5. Pakistan’s role in regional and international organizations
6. Nuclear politics in South Asia
7. Structure of Pakistan’s economy, economic planning and development strategies
8. central issues and problems in the Educational Systems
9. Issues in Pakistan Politics
10. Superpowers and the issues of World Order
11. Major Contemporary Crisis
12. Major Economic, Social and Political issues of the world as reflected and discussed in periodicals and newspapers

Marks – 100

1. Evolution and growth of Muslim society in the Sub-continent
2. Ideology of Pakistan – Definition and elucidation, historical aspects: Muslim rule in the sub-continent, its downfall and efforts of Renaissance. Movements for reforms – Sheikh Ahmad Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwah, Anjuman Hamiat-e-Islam and other Educational institutions – Sind Madrassah and Islamia College Peshawar. Ideology of Pakistan in the light of speeches and sayings of Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam.
3. Pakistan Movement – historical developments, important events, role of various individuals, communities and groups.
4. Political Developments in Pakistan since 1947 and efforts for promulgation of Islamic system
5. Land and People of Pakistan – Geography, Society, Natural resources, Agriculture, Industry, Education with reference to characteristics, trends and problems


1. Basic problems of human life and their solutions, various sources of knowledge – revelation (Wahy) as source of knowledge and solution of human problems. Divinity and Supremacy of wahy
2. Need of Religion and its role in human life, Islam and other religions
3. Islam: Its concepts and meanings, Deen and Mazhab, Islamic concepts of universe and humanity, place of Humanity in Islam, man as Vicegerent of Allah, Chief Characteristics of Islamic Ideology
4. Fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam

• Tauheed (Unity of Allah), Risalat (Finality of Prophet hood), Akhirat (Day of Judgment)
• Salat, Soum, Zakat, Hajj, Jihad

5. Islamic way of life

• Sources of Shariah: The Quran, Sunnah, Ijma (Consensus), Qiyas and Ijtihad (Reasoning)
• Social system in Islam: Responsibilities and mutual relationship of members of family, separate role of man and woman in an Islamic social setup, concept of women’s freedom in Islam, responsibilities of man and woman in character-building of new generation
• Morality in Islam: Concept of morality, relationship of morality and Faith, Islamic principles and methods of character building, Moral values in Islam
• Islamic political system: - Legislative system, Judicial system
• Muslim ummah: Role and objectives of Muslim Ummah

6. Quranic Ayat and their translation
Following last 10 surrahs of the Holy Quran and their translations:-

1. Surrah Al-Feel
2. Surrah Al-Quresh
3. Surrah Al-Mamoon
4. Surrah Al-Kausar
5. Surrah Al-Kafaroon
6. Surrah Al-Nasr
7. Surrah Al-Lahhab
8. Surrah Al-Akhlas
9. Surrah Al-Falak
10. Surrah An-Nas

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks – 200

Accounting: Principles of accounting and their applications to all types of Business Organizations – Banking, Insurance, Investment, Trading and Industrial Concerns, Accounting for non-profit Organizations, Work-Sheet, Financial Statements, Financial Reporting, Financial Analysis And Budgeting, Depreciation, Partnership

Note:- Accounting for Executors, Trustees Of Deceased Persons, Liquidators, Receivers, Official Agencies, Assignees etc; and accounting for Multinational Corporation will not be included.

Cost Accounting: Principles of cost accounting, relationship of Cost Accounting To Financial Accounting, Cost Accounting as a tool of management – use of cost information, Cost Flow, Cost Elements, Costs Classification, Process Cost And Job – Order Cost Accounting, Costing For Joint and by-products, Standard Cost Accounting, reconciliation of Financial Accounts with Cost Accounts

Auditing: Principles of Auditing, The Accounting System, Its importance to Independent Audit, Internal Control, Internal Audit, Rights and Duties of Auditors, Professional liabilities of an Auditor, Application of Auditing Principles and Techniques to all types of Trading, Commercial, Industrial, Banking, Insurance and Investment undertakings. Audit programme, Special Audit Investigation of actual or suspected Frauds, Limitations Of Audit, Audit Report, Certificates and Opinion as required under Companies Act, Securities Exchange Authority Rules, Auditing and EDP Systems

Income Tax: Principles for Computing total income and total world income for the purposes of Income Tax, Self Assessment.
Specialized knowledge of Income Tax will not be expected. Candidates will be required to have a sound grasp of the provisions of Section 10 of the Income Tax Act and a working knowledge – only of Sections 9(1), 15, 16(1), 17(1), 19(1),(2),(a), 30(1) & (2), 31(1) 11 No. Schedule (Item No. 66 & 71 to 75) 39(1) & (a) 49, 69 (4) 12 (11). 1st Schedule 53(1), 55(1), 56, 61, 59(1), 60, 62, 68, 12(2) and the connected rules of the Income Tax Ordinance 1979 as amended to date.

Business Organization and Finance: Nature and scope of Business Organization, Forms of Business Organization – Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint Stock Company, Cooperative Society, Company Promotion and Management, Insurance, Business Combinations, Principles Of Business Finance – Short Term, Intermediate Terms and Long Term Financing, Expansion and Contraction, Ratio Analysis – Sources and Flow Statement, Role of Financial Institutions.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks – 100

(a) Natural Resources (Land, Water, Biological, Environmental, Solar and Energy) as bases for agricultural production. Agriculture as integrated system of components like Crops, Livestock, Fisheries, Forestry, Range Management, Socio-Economics etc. Role of research and newer technologies in current and future agriculture in Pakistan.

(b) Elements of climate and their relationship with crop growth, Factors of soil, Soil formation and development of Soil profile, Soil texture and structure and their management, Soil fertility and fertilizer requirement of various soils and crops, Role of organic matter in soil, Water requirement of crops and water use efficiency, Cropping pattern and crop relations, Systems and types of farming; Nature, formation and reclamation of salt affected and water-logged soil, Soil erosion and conservation

(c) Physiology of growth and development, growth curves, growth regions, RGR, NAR and LAR in relation to biomass production, Seed growth and assimilate partitioning, Harvest Index, Photoperiodic and thermo periodic responses of crop plants, photorespiration, Nitrogen fixation, Nitrogen cycle, factors affecting biological N-fixation

(d) The modern concept of genetics, gene and gene function, application of genetics for the improvement of crops

(e) Modern concept of Horticulture industry, Plant propagation, Major management and breeding problems in fruits and vegetables

(f) Pests and diseases in agricultural crops, Principles and methods of pest and disease control, Pesticides – their application and action. Modern concept and principles of insect pest management

(g) Role of agriculture in the national economy. Agriculture mechanization. Land tenure and Land reforms. Population problems of rural Pakistan. Major issues in agriculture and agricultural development in Pakistan.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks – 200

Candidates will be asked to attempt any two questions from Section A and any three questions from Section B


Vector Analysis: Vector algebra, scalar and vector product of two or more vectors, function of a scalar variable, Gradient, divergence and curl, Expansion formulae, curvilinear coordinates. Expansion for gradient, divergence and curl in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, line, surface and volume integrals, Green’s, Stoke’s and Gauss’s theorems

Statistics: Composition and resolution of forces, Parallel forces and couples, Equilibrium and a system of coplanar forces, centre of mass and centre of gravity of a system of particles and rigid bodies, Friction,
principle of virtual work and its applications, equilibrium of forces in three dimensions

Dynamics: Tangential, normal, radial and transverse components of velocity and acceleration, rectilinear motion with constant and variable acceleration, Simple Harmonic Motion, Work, Power and Energy, Conservative forces and principles of energy, principles of linear and angular momentum, Motion of a projectile, ranges on horizontal and inclined planes, Parabola of safety, Motion under central forces, Apse and apsidal distances, Planetary orbits, Kepler’s law, Moments and products of inertia of particles and rigid bodies, kinetic energy and angular momentum of a rigid body, Motion of rigid bodies, Compound pendulum, Impulsive motion, collision of two spheres and coefficient of restitution.


Candidates will be asked to attempt any two questions from Section A, one question from Section B and two questions from Section C.


Differential Equations: Linear differential equations with constant and variable coefficients, Non-linear equations, Systems of equations, Variations of parameters and the power series method. Formation of partial differential equations, Types of integrals of partial differential equations, Partial
differential equations of first order, Partial differential equations with constant coefficients, Monge’s method, Classification of partial differential equations of second order, Laplace’s equation and its boundary value problems, standard solution of wave equation and equation of heat induction.


Tensor: Definition of tensors as invariant quantities. Coordinate transformations, Contra variant and covariant laws of transformation of the components of tensors, addition and multiplication of tensors, contracts and inner product of tensors, The Kronecker delta and Levi-Civita symbol, the metric tensor in Cartesian, polar and other coordinates, covariant derivatives and the Christoffel symbols., The gradient, divergence and curl operators in tensor notation.


Elements of Numeric Analysis: Solution of non-linear equations, use of x = g (x) form, Newton Raphson method, Solution of system of linear equations, Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel method, Numerical Integration, Trapezoidal and Simpson’s re?? Regula Falsi and iterative method for solving non-linear equation with convergence, Linear and Lagrange interpolation, graphical solution of linear programming problems.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks – 200


1. The Pre-Islamic Arabic Literature

2. The Quran, its language, contents and style, its influence on the subsequent literature

3. Quranic semantics and etymology with special reference to Ibn Manzoor’s Lisan al’Arab and Raghib al-Asfahani’s Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran

4. Literary history and literary criticism – literary movements, classical background, socio-cultural influences and modern trends, origin and development of modern literary genres, including drama, novel, short story, essay

5. Contribution of Arabs in the fields of science, philosophy and linguistics with special reference to views of Ibn Khaldun, Al Bairuni, al-Jahiz, Ibn Maskawaih, Ibn Maja, Al-Kasai and Sebawaih

6. A short introduction to Pakistan Arabic literature in the fields of prose and poetry

7. The contemporary Arabic literature in Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq with special emphasis on the literature of al-Mahjer and its outstanding representatives such as Jabran Khalil Jabran, Ilia Abu Mehdi, Mekhail Naeema and Umer Abu Risha

8. A short Essay in Arabic

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates’ critical ability


Poetry

1. Imarul Qais: His Maullaqah – “Qifaa Nabki mim Zakraa Habibin Wa Manzih” (complete)
2. Zohar Bin Abi Sulma: His Maullaqah – “A Min Umma Aufaa Dimnatun Lam Takalami” (complete)
3. Hassan Bin Tabit: The following five Qasaid from his Daiwan: “Lillahi Darru Kaaba ------- Nadamtuhum”
4. Labeed: Aftiddiyaru Mahalluha Wa Maqammuha Mahmud Timur: Story “Ammi Mutawalli”
5. Taufiq AL-Hakim : Dramas: Sirrul Muhtahiraa from his Book “Masra-Hiyaatu Jufiqal Hakim”
6. Dr. Raza M.N Ehsan Elahie: Nafais al=Adab , [PUBA (Hon) Course]
7. Dr Jalal-al-Khayyat and others: Jarikh-ul-Abad-il-Arabi-il-Hadith
8. Dr Taha Hussain: Hadith al-Arabia
9. Isa an-Na’uri: Adab al-Mahjer
10. George Saidah: Adabuna wal-Udaba fi Adab al-Mahjer
11. Dr De Boer: The history of philosophy in Islam

Note: Candidates will be required to answer some questions carrying not less than 25 % marks in Arabic also.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks – 200

1. Thallophytes

• Phycology: Origin, evolution, distribution and classification with reference to range, structure, life history, ecology and economic importance of the main groups of algae
• Mycology and Plant Pathology Structure, development reproduction, classification, phylogeny, physiology and economic importance of the main groups of fungi, Diseases of economic importance and general principles of their control

2. Bryology: Evolution of gametophytes and Sporophytes

3. Peteridophyta and Gymnosperms: General structure, life history and evolutionary tendencies, Ontogeny and structure of seed

4. Anatomy and Embryology: Primary and secondary issues, Meristems, tissue differentiation, normal and abnormal secondary growth, anatomy of leaf, stem and root, micro and megasporogenesis, pollination mechanism, fertilization, development of embryo and endosperm, seed dispersal

5. Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Systems of classification, Rules of botanical nomenclature, Concepts of speciation, introduction to modern trends in plant taxonomy, Bio-systematics, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxonomy

1. Plant physiology: Plant water relations, osmotic quantities, absorptions, transpiration, role of essential mineral elements, their uptake and distribution, growth and development, plant hormones, photoperiodism, vernalization, Dormancy and Seed germination. Biochemistry of
carbohydrates, proteins and fats with reference to plants. Enzymes, plant pigments, photophosphorelation, path of carbon in photosynthesis, oxidative phosophorelation (respiration), nitrogen and fat metabolism

2. Ecology: Influence of climatic, edaphic and biotic factors on plant growth, Sampling techniques, Major formations in relation to climatic zones, Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity, Ecological energetics, efficiency, pyramids, food chains and trophic levels

3. salinity and water logging in Pakistan, causes, reclamation, soil erosion, methods of control and conservation, pollution and conservation of natural resources

4. Cytology: Detailed study of ultra structure of cell. Mitosis and meiosis. Significance of meiosis

5. Genetics:

• Mendalian Genetics, Linkage, Crossing over, sex linked genes, lethals, balanced lethals, mutation, polyploidy
• Biochemical Genetics: Bi-chemical nature of hereditary material, genetic code, Fine Structure of gene, transduction and transformation

6. Evolution: Theories of evolution, Neo-Darwinism, Neo-Lamarckism, Adaptive Mutations

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British History – The history of the British Isles and of the British Empire and Commonwealth

From 1688 to 1850

From 1850 to the present day

Note: - Credit will be given in both the papers, not only for precise presentation of facts, but also for sound critical judgment.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Candidates will be asked to attempt total Five questions. They will attempt at least one question (out of two) from each part. Short note within the question (without choice) can also be given


1. Nature and scope of Management – Different Schools of thought
2. Planning – Planning process, planning tools, Change Management
3. Organization – Type of Organization, Theory of Organization, Group dynamics, staffing
4. Actuating – Leading, approaches to Leadership – Coordinating, communicating, motivating
5. Controlling – Budgetary control, Budgetary process


1. An overview of Marketing
2. Marketing’s role in Society and inside a Firm
3. Environment of Marketing
4. Strategic Planning and Marketing
5. Marketing Mix i.e. product,. Pricing, place (Distribution, Channels), Wholesaling, Retailing, Sales Promotion (Advertising, Public Relations)
6. Global Marketing


1. Nature and scope of Financial Management
2. interpretation of Financial Statement – Ratio Analysis, Trend Analysis – Common Size Analysis
3. Time Value of Money – Concept of TVM, Net Present Value, Pay Back Period, Internal rate of return
4. Working Capital Management – Cash Management, Receivable Management, Inventory Management
5. Portfolio Management – Types of Investment, Financial Securities, Diversification Of Risk
6. Accounting – Accounting cycles, preparation of Financial Statements, Balance Sheet, Income Statement

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

1. Atomic structure – Quantum theory, Schrodinger equation, Particle in box, hydrogen atom, hydrogen moleculeion, hydrogen molecule, Theories of hydrogen and metallic bonding

2. Electrochemistry – Ionic equilibria, theory of strong electrolytes, Cbye-Huckel theory of activity coefficients, galvanic cells, membrane equilibria and fuel cells. Theories of Acids and Bases, glass electrode, measurement of pH, electrolysis, over voltage and corrosion

3. Thermodynamics – First law of Thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy functions, thermochemisty, Entropy and second law of thermodynamics. Free energy and chemical equilibrium

4. Chemistry of the following Elements – Oxygen, Carbon, Chlorine, Silicon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

5. Metallurgy of the following Elements - Copper, Aluminum, Iron and Silver

6. Inorganic Chemical Industries – Sulphuric Acid, Fixation of Nitrogen, Chemical Fertilizers, Semiconductivity devices, Cement, Glass and Ceramics

7. Chemistry of transition Elements – General characteristics of the group based on the electronic configuration of elements, complex compounds, nature of coordinate bond, historical development, applications of Valence Bond, molecular orbital and Crystal Field theories to explain the structures of the Complex Compounds

8. Pollution – water, air

1. Theory of chemical bonding – Elements of Valence bond and molecular orbital theories (idea of bonding, non-bonding and anti-bonding orbitals), Sigma and Pi bonds. Hybridization, Shape of molecules

2. Chemical kinetics – Rate law and its determination Order of reaction, Experimental methods, Temperature Dependence of rate constants, study of mechanism of a few selected reactions (1st and 2nd under reaction only)

3. Surface chemistry and catalysis – Physical adsorption and chemisorptions, surface area determination, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid-base and enzyme catalysis

4. Physical organic chemistry – elements of organic reaction mechanism, optical and geometric isomerism, conformational analysis, resonance. H-Bond and its effects on the properties of organic compound

5. Organic halogen Compounds – Types and synthetic application. Grignard reagents.

6. Chemistry of Carbonyl compounds – Types of Carbonyl compounds, preparation and reactions of Aldehydes and ketones

7. Aromatic chemistry – structure of Benzene with particular reference to mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution reactions

8. Organic Nitrogen compounds – Diazonium salts and their synthetic applications, preparation and reaction of aromatic amino compounds, introduction of the study of Dyes with particular reference to Azodyes

9. Chemistry of natural products – Elementary study of Carbohydrates, oils and fats, alkaloids and vitamins

10. Industrial organic Chemistry – Organic polymers, fermentation processes including preparation of anti-biotics, petro-chemical industry

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.