Note: Attempt ONLY FIVE questions in all by selecting at least ONE question from each part.


1. Compare Fredrick Taylor’s “ Scientific Management” with Max Weber’s “ Ideal Bureaucracy”. Which of these approaches should be adopted in public sector organizations of Pakistan and why?

2. Which steps should a manager follow when developing formal plans using MBO process? What are some of the limitations of formal planning?

3. Write in detail about the “Control Process” in management. Discuss the importance of controlling in improvement of service delivery in public sector offices of Pakistan.


1. Discuss the different concepts of marketing management. Explain which of these concepts is most relevant within public sector organizations of Pakistan.

2. Discuss 4 P’s of the “Marketing Mix”. How can an organization implement an effective marketing program based on these elements?

3. What is meant by “Public Relations (PR)” ? How can PR be used most effectively by public sector managers in Pakistan?


1. Make a table showing repayment schedule of principle and interest when a loan of $22,000 at 12 percent compound interest rate has to be fully paid off in 6 years. What is the annual payment which will have to be made to amortize this loan in 6 years?
( The Discount factor for a six-year annuity with a 12 percent interest rate is 4.111)

2. Discuss Liquidity, Leverage and Profitability ratios. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using financial ratios for analysis of financial statements?