M- commerance : E-commerce that takes place using mobile devices.

Mac OS X : Multitasking operating system that is latest version of the Macintosh operating system.

Machine cycle : Four basic operations performed by the processor : fetch, decoding, executing and storing)

Macro : Sequences of keystrokes and instructions that a user records and saves.

Magnetic Disks : Storage medium that uses magnetic particles to store items such as data , instructions and information on disk's surface.



Magnetic-ink Character recognition : Technology that reads text printed with magnetized ink.

Magnetic stripe card reader/Magstrip reader: Reading device that reads the magnetic stripe on the back of credit , entertainment ,bank and other similar cards.



Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM): Newer type of RAM that stores data using magnetic charges instead of electrical charges.



Mailing List : Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name, also called distribution list.

Main memory : Type of memory that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices, known as RAM .

Mainframe : Large,expensive ,powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously, storing tremendous amounts of data, instruction and information.



Malware : Short for malicious software ; programs that act without a user's knowledge and deliberately alter a computer's operations.

Margins: The portion of a page outside the main body of text, including the top, the bottom and both sides of the paper.

Massively parallel processing : Large scale parallel processing that involves hundreds or thousands of processors.

MBps : Magabytes per second.

Mechanical mouse : Mouse that has a rubber or metal ball on its underside.



Media Center PC : Home entertainment desktop computer that provides a means of accessing television programs, radio, broadcasts,photos and videos ,as well as basic computing capabilities.



Media Player : Utilities program that allows to viwe animations ,listen to audio and watch video files.

Memory : Electronic components in a computer that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instruction.

Memory Module : Small circuit board that houses RAM chips and is held in a memory slot on the motherboard.

Memory resident :Remaining in memory while a computer is running.

Memory slots : Slots on the motherboard that hold memory modules.

Memory Stick : Type of miniature mobile storage medium that is a flash memory card capable of storing between 256 MB and 4 GB of data.

Menu : Item on the computer screen that contains a list of commands from which a user can make selections.

Massage Board : Web-based type of discussion gruop that does not require a newsreader.

Magnetic ink Character Recognization (MICR): Technology that reads text printed with magnetized ink.

MICR Reader : Reading device that converts MICR characters into a form that a computer can process.



Micro browser : Special type of browser designed for small screens and limited computing power of Internet-enabled mobile devices.

Microcode: Instructions programmers use to program a PROM chip.

Microfiche: A small sheet of film, usually 4 inches by 6 inches in size , on which microscopic images of documents are stored.



Microfilms : A roll of film, usually 100 to 215 feet long,on which microscopic images of documents are stored.



Microprocessor : Processsor chip for a personal computers.

MicroSD : Type of miniature mobile storage medium that is a flash memory card capable of storing between 512 MB and 6 GB of data.

Microsoft Surface : Touch screen with a 30-inch tabletop Display that allow one or more people to interact with the screen using their fingers or hands.



Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) : Electronic music industry's standard that defines how devices represent sounds electronically.

Mini Discs : Optical disc with a size of three inches or less used by smaller computers and devices.

Millions of instructions per second (MIPS) : measurement of system's clock speed.

Mobile computers : Personal computers that a user can carry from one place to another place.

Mobile device : Computing device small enouhg for a user to hold in his hand.

Mobile Printers: Small Lightweight , battery powered printer used by a mobile user to print from a note book computer or Tablet PC, smart phone or other personal mobile devices while travelling.



Mobile User : User who work on a computer while away from a main office ,home office .

Moderator : Person who reviews contents of a newsgroup article and then post it,if appropiate.

Monochrome : Display Device capability in which infromation appears in one color(white) on a different color backgroud(black)

Motherboard : Main circuit board of the system unit, which has some electronic components attached to it and others built into it.



Motion-sensing game controllers: Input devices used with computer and viedo games that allow the user to guide on-screen elements by moving a handheld input device in predetermined directions through the air.



Mouse : Pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of a user's hand.

Mouse Gestures : Capability that allows users to perform certain operations by holding a mouse button while moving the mouse in a particular pattern.

Mouse Pad : Rectangular rubber or foam pad that provides traction for a mechnical mouse.

Mouse Pointer: Small symbol that display on computer screen whose location and shape changes as a user moves a mouse.

MP3 : Format that reduces an audio file to about one-tenth of its original size,while preserving much of the original quality of sound.

MP4 : Viedo compression standard.

MPEG : Moving Pictures Expert Group.

MPR II : set of standards that defines acceptable levels of electromagnetic radiation for a monitor.

Multi-core Processor : Single chip with two or more seperate processors.

Multifunctional Peripheral : Output device that looks like a copy machine but provides the functionality of a printer ,scanner,copy machine and Fax machine.

Multimedia : Any Application that combines text with graphics ,animation,audio, viedo, and virtual reality.

Multiprocessing : Two or more processor runing programs at the same time.

Multipurpose Operating System : Operating system behave both as stand alone operating system and as a nerwork operating system.

Multiuser : two or more users to run programs simultaneously.

National ISP :Internet service provider that provides Internet access in cities and towns nationwide.

Native Resolution : The specific resolution for which an LCD is geared.

Near latter Quality (NLQ) : Printer output that is slightly less clear than what is acceptable for busniess letter.

Netiquette : Code of acceptable behaviours users should follow while on the Internet, short for Internet etiquette.

NetWare : Network operating system designed by Novell for client server networks.

Networks : Collection of computers and devices connected togather,wirelessly ,via communication devives and transmission media ,allowing devices to share resources and information.




Network Administrator : Employee who configure users,installs and maintain LANs,WANs , internets ; identifies and resolves connectivity issues.

Network Operating system : Operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on anetwork.

News Server : Computer that stores and distribute newsgruop messages.

Newsgroup : Online area in which users have written discussions about a particular subject.

Non impact Printers :Type of printer that form characters and graphics on piece of paper without actually striking the paper.




Nonresident : Instructions that remain on hard disk untill they are needed.

Nonvolatile memory : Type of memory that does not lose its contents when a computer's power is turned off.

Note Taking Softwares : Application softwares that enables users to enter typed text, hand written comments, drawing and sketches anywhre on a page.

NSFnet : The National Science Foundation's network of five computers.








Optical Character Recognizer(OCR)Software : Software that enables scanners to read and convert text document into electronic files.

Online : State of computer or user when it is connected to a network.

Online Auction : E-commerce method that allows consumers to bid on an item being sold by someone else.

Online Banking : Online connection to a bank's computer to access account balances, pay bills and copy monthly transactions to a user's computer.

Online community : Web site that joins a specific group of people with similar interests or relationships.

Online investing : Use of a computer to buy and sell stock and bonds online , without using a broker.

Online service provider (OSP) : Company that provides Internet access as well as many members-only features.

Online Social Network : Web sites that encourage memebers in its online community to share their interests , ideas, photos, experineces, music, viedos etc. with other registered members.

Online storage : Service on the web that provides hard disk storage to computer users for free or for minimal monthly fee.

Open source softwares : Softwares provided for use , modification and redistribution , e.g Unix.

Operating System : Set of programs containing instructions that works togather to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware devices.

Optical Resolution :The actual photographed resolution ar which a digital camera can capture a digital images.

Organic LED(OLED) : Technology that uses organic molecules that produces an even brighter ,easier-to-read display than standard displays.



Output: Data that has been processed into useful form.

Output devices : Hardware components that conveys information to the users.

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)

P

Packaged Softwares : Mass-produced,copy righted retail softwares that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or a organization.

Page Description language (PDL): Software that tells the printer how to layout the content of a printed page.

Page layout : Process of arranging text and graphics in a document on a page.

Paging : Technique of swaping data between memory and storage.

Palm OS : Scaled-down operating system that runs on smart phones and PDAs.

Parallel Port : Type of interface that connects devices to the system unit by transferring more than one bit at a time ;block of bits.



Parallel processing : Processing method that uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task in order to speed processing times.

Participatory Web : Websites that allows users to modify Website contents ,provide a means for users to share personal information and have application softwares built into the site for visitors to use .

Passive-matrix Display : LCD monitors or screen technology that uses fewer transistors ,requires less power and is less expensive .

Password : Private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to certain computer resouces.

Pasting : Process of transferring information/data from a clipboard to a specific location in a document or folder or drive.

PC Cards : Thin , credit card-sized removeable flash memory devices that fits into a PC Card slot and used to add memory ,storage ,communications, multimedia and security capabilities to a computer.



Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI): Highh speed expension bus that connects higher speed devices.



Pen Drive : Flash memory devices that plugs in a USB port on a computer and portable device.

Pen Input : Input device used to write , draw, and tap on aflat surface to enter input.

Pentium : Family of Intel processors used by less expensive ,basic PCs.

Performance Monitors : Operating system programs that assesses and reoprts information about various computer devices and resources.

Peripherals : Devices that connect to a system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer.

Perpendicular Recording :Storage technique in which magnetic particles are aligned vertically, or perpendicular to the disk's surface ,making much greater storage capacities possible.

Personal Computer : Computer that can perform all of its input ,processing , output and storage activities by itself and contains processors ,memory and one or more input ,output and storage devices.

Personal computer maintanace Utility : Utility programs that identifies and fixes operating system problems detects and repair disk problems and includes the capability of improving a computer's performance.

Personal computer Memory Card International Association : Association that developed the standards for PC cards to help ensure the interchangeability of the cards among mobile computers.

Persona Digital Assistant (PDA) :Lightweight mobile device that provides personal organizer functions such as a calender,appointment book,address book, calculator and notepad.



Personal Desktop Publishing (DTP) Softwares : Application softwares that helps home ,small office users to create newsletters,brochures,advertisements,post-cards,greeting cards, letterhead,busniess cards, banners, calanders,logos and web pages.

Personal Firewall : Utility program that detects and protect the personal computer from unauthorized intrusions.

Personal Identification Number(PIN) : Numeric password ,either assigned by a company or selected by a user.

Personal Information Manger(PIM) : Application software that includes features to help users to organize personal information.

Phishing : Scam in which perpetrator attempts to obtain personal or financial information.

Phishing Filter : Program that warns or blocks user from potentially fraudulent or suspicious Web sites.

Photo sharing community : Specific type of social networking Websites that allows users to create an online photo album to store and share their digital photos.

PicBridge: Standard technology used with photo printers that allows user to print picture directly from a digital camera by connecting a cable from the digital camera to a USB port on printer.

Pipelining : Concept in which processor begain fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction.

Pixel : Smallest element of a image;short of picture element.

Pixel per Inch (ppi) : Number of pixel in one inch of screen display.

Plasma Monitor : Display device that uses plasma technology ,which sanwiches a layerof gas between two glass plates.



Platform : Set of programs containing instructions that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware resources.

Platter : component of the hard disk that is made of aluminum ,glass, or ceramic and is coated with an alloy material that allows data to be recorded magnetically on its surface.



Player: Software used to listen to an audio and viedo file on computer.

Plotters : Sophisticated printers that produce high-quality drawings such as blueprints,maps and circuit diagrams using row of charged wires(styli) to draw an electrostatic pattern on specially coated paper and then fuse toner to the pattern.



Plug and Play : Technology that gives the computer the capability to configure adapter cards and other peripheral automatically as a user install them.

Plug-in : Small Program that extend the capability of browsers.

PNG : Graphics format that improves upon the GIF format.

Pocket Hard drive: Type of miniature hard disk that is self-contained unit user insert in and remove from a slot or USB port in a device or a computer.



Podcast: Recorded audio stored on a website that can be downloaded to a computer or a portable media player such as iPod.

Point-and-shoot camera:Affordable and light weight camera that provides acceptable quality photographics images for home pr small office users.

Pointing Devices: Input devices that allows users to control the pointer on the screen.

Pointing Stick: Pressure sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is position between keys on keyboard and moved by pushing the pointing stick with a fingure.



Pop-up Ad : Internet advertisement that suddenly appear in new window in the foreground of aa web page displayed in the user's browsers.

Pop-up Blocker : Filtering programs that stops pop-up ads from displying o web pages.

Port : Point at which peripheral attaches or communicate with system unit so it cab send data to or recieve information from the computer.

Port Replicator : External device that attaches to a mobile computers to provide connection to peripherals through ports built into the replicator.



Portable : Capability to remove from one computer and carried to another computer.

Portal : website that offers varity of internet services from a single, convenient location.

Post : Add article to newsgroup.

Post office Protocol(POP) :Communication standars ,rule used by incoming mails servers.

Postage printer :Special type of albel printer that prints postage stamps.



PostScript : Standard language by professionals in the destop publishing and graphics art fields,designed for complex document with intense graphics and colors.

Power-on Self Test (POST) : Series of test that is executed by the BIOS to make sure the computer hardware is connected and operating properly when system boots.

Power Supply : Component of the system unit that converts wall outlet AC power into DC power that is used by the computer.

Power User : Users who requires the capabilities of a work station or other powerful computers.

Predictive Text Input : Smart phone technology where pressing one key on keyboard for each latter in a word and software predict the word user want.

Preemptive Multitasking : Process in which the operating system interrupts a program that is executing and passes control to another program waiting to be executed.

Print : placing a copy of document on paper.

Print Spooler : Program that intercepts documents to be printed from the operating system and places them in a queue.

Printer: Output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film.

Printer Control Language : Standard printer language that supports the fonts and lauout used in standard office documents.

Printout : Printed information that exists physically and is a more permanent form of output than that presented on a display device.

Product Activation : Technique that software manufacturers use to ensure that software is not installed on computers then legally lincensed.

Program : series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do ,aslo called softwares.

Programmable Read only memory (PROM) :Blank chip on which a programmer can write a program permanently .

Project Management Software: Application softwares that allows a user to plan,shedule, track, and analyze the events,resources and cost of the project.

Proprietary Softwares: Software that is privately owned and limited to a seocific vendor or computer model.

Public Domain Softwares : Free software that has been donated for public use and has no copyright restriction.

Publish : Process of creating a Web page and making it available on the internet for other to see and use.

Pull : Request information from the web servers.

Push : process of a Web server sending content to a computer at regular intervals, such as current score s or weather reports.

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)

Q

Quad-core processor : Chip with four separate processors.



Query : Request for specific data from database.

Queue : Lineup of multiple jobs within the buffer.




Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) : Protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object , an animal or a person.

Raster Image Processor (RIP) : device that handles computer output as a grid of dots. Dot-matrix, inkjet, and laser printers are all raster image processors.



Rave : To annoy someone by persistently talking about something.

Random Access : Type of data access in which The ability of a computer to find and go directly to a particular storage location without having to search sequentially from the beginning location; also called direct Access.

Random Access Memory (RAM) : Type of memory that can be read from and write to by the processor and other devices .Programs and data are loaded into RAM from storage devices such as a hard diskand remain in RAM as long as the computer has contineous power.

Rambus DRAM(RDRAM ): Type of RAM that uses pipeling technology.



Raw data : Unprocessed, typically unformatted, data, such as a stream of bits that has not been filtered for commands or special characters.

Read : To transfer data,instruction and information from an external storage medium into internal storage (main memory).

README : File containing information that the user either needs or will find informative and that might not have been included in the documentation.

Read only Memory (ROM) : Type of nonvolatile memory that is used to store permnanent data and instructions.

Read/write Heads : Mechnisim in hard drive that reads data or write data as it barely touches the disk's recording surface.



Real mode : Mode in whic the processor can execute only one program at a time. It can access no more than about 1 MB of memory, but it can freely access system memory and input/output devices.It is the only mode possible in the 8086 processor and is the only operating mode supported by MS-DOS

Real time : Describles that computer must respond to situations as they occur ; characteristic of aircraft guidance systems, transaction-processing systems and scientific applications.

Real-time system : Computer and/or a software system that reacts to events before the events become obsolete.

Real-time streaming : Process of delivering a streaming media file via a specialized streaming media server using real time streaming protocol (RTSP). With real-time streaming, the file itself actually plays on the streaming media server, even though it is viewed on the computer that opened the file.

Really simple syndication(RSS) :Specification that content aggregators use to distribute contents to subscribers.

Reboot : To restart a computer by reloading the operating system.

Receive : Accept data from an external communications system, such as a local area network or a telephone line and store the data as a file.

Recompile : To compile a program again, because of changes that needed to be made in the source code in response to error messages generated by the com-piler

Record : A collection of all the information pertaining to a particular subject.

Recursion : Ability of a routine to call itself ;enables certain algorithms to be implemented with small, simple routines, but it does not guarantee speed or efficiency.

Recover : Return to a stable condition after some error has occurred.

Recovery :The restoration of lost data or the reconciliation of conflicting or erroneous data after a system failure. Recovery is often achieved using a disk or tape backup and system logs.

Recovery Disk : Special disk that contains a few system files capable of restarting a computer,which is used when the computer cannot boot from its hard disk.

Recycle Bin : Folder in Windows OS,represented by an icon on the screen resembling a basket decorated with the recycling logo. A file in the Recycle Bin is not actually deleted from the disk until the user opens the Recycle Bin, selects the file, and presses the Delete key; until then, the user can retrieve it.

Redlining : A word processing feature that allows writers and editors to display the additions and deletions they have made in a document. Redlining in drafts of reports, contracts, and manuscripts makes it easy for others to see the changes that have been made.

Redundancy :Using one or more servers/devices to perform identical tasks. If one of the crashes, another assumes its tasks. Redundancy ensures that system will continue to function if one of the device /server stops working.

Redundant Array of idependant disks (RAID) : Group of two or more integrated hard disks that function as a single storage unit.



Re-engineering : To change the way work is done in order to maximize the benefits of new technology; to rethink and redefine processes and procedures .

Refactoring : Process of reorganizing a computer program without changing its functionality. Refactoring a program means dividing it up into conceptual units and eliminating repetitious code.

Refresh :to update the contents of a window to show information that has changed.

Reginal ISP : Internet service provider that provides Internet access to a specific geographic area.

Registers : Small, high speed storage locations in a process that temporarilly hold data and information.

Registry :central hierarchical database of Servaral files that contains the system configuration information.

Regression Testing : Complete retesting of a modified program, rather than a test of only the modified routines, to ensure that no errors have been introduced with the modifications.

Relational Database : Database system that stores information in tables (rows and columns) of data and conducts searches by using data in specified columns of one table to find additional data in another table.

Relational model : Data model in which the data is organized in relations (tables).

Release : Version of a product that is available in general distribution.

Reliability : Likelihood of a computer system or device continuing to function over a given period of time and under specified conditions.

Reload : Load a program into memory from a storage device again in order to run it, because the system has crashed or the program’s operation was otherwise interrupted.To retrieve a new copy of the Web page currently visible in a Web browser.

Remote Communications : Interaction with a remote computer through a telephone connection or another communications line.

Remote Installation Services : Software services that allow an administrator to set up new client computers remotely, without having to visit each client. The target clients must support remote booting.

Remote Surgery : Surgery in which surgeon performs an operation on a patient who is not located in the same physical room as the surgeon; also called telesurgery.

Removeable Hard Disk : Hard Disk that can be inserted and removed fron the device.

Render : To produce a graphic image from a data file on an output device such as a video display or printer.

Repetitive Strain Injury(RSI) : An occupational disorder of the tendons, ligaments, and nerves caused by the cumulative effects of prolonged repetitious movements; appearing with increasing frequency among office workers who spend long hours typing at computerized workstations that are not equipped with safeguards such as wrist supports.

Replace : Allows user to substitute existing character or word in a document with new ones.

Replay attack : Attack in which a valid message is intercepted and then repeatedly retransmitted, either for fraudulent purposes or as part of a larger attack scheme.

Replication : In a distributed database management system, the process of copying the database or parts of it, to the other parts of the network

Repository : Collection of information ;data dictionary.

Reserved word : Word that has special meaning to a program or in a programming language.

Reset button : A device that restarts a computer without turning off its power.

Resolution : Number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device.

Resources : Hardware, softwares,data and information shared using the network.

Response time : The time a computer takes to execute a command.

Restore : Copy files from a backup storage device to their normal location, especially if the files are being cop-ied to replace files that were accidentally lost or deleted.

Restore Program : Program that reverses the backup process and returns back up files to their original form.

Retinal Scanner : Biometric device that scan the pattern of blood vessels in the back of retina.



Retrieve. To call up information from memory or storage so that it can be processed in some way.

Retrocomputing : Hobby of preserving old computer technology, either by maintaining the machines themselves or by emulating them on newer equipment.

Return key : Key on a keyboard that is used to terminate input of a field or record or to execute the default action of a dialog box

Reusability :The ability of code or a design to be usable again in another application or system.

Revolution per minute : Number of times per minute that a hard disk platter rotates.

Rip : To convert audio data from a compact disc into a WAV file or other digital format, typically in preparation for further encoding as an MP3 file

Ripple : Process of copying audio and/or viedo data from a purchased disc and saving it on digital media.

Robotics : Branch of engineering devoted to the creation and training of robots. Roboticists work within a wide range of fields, such as mechanical and electronic engineering, cybernetics, bionics, and artificial intelligence .

Robust :Able to function or to continue functioning well in unexpected situations.

ROFL : Expression, used mostly in newsgroups and online conferences, to indicate one’s appreciation of a joke or other humorous circumstance; acronym for rolling on the floor, laughing..

Rollback : Return to a previous stable condition, as when the contents of a hard disk are restored from a backup after a destructive hard disk error

Root :The main or uppermost level in a hierarchically organized set of information.

Round Robin : Sequential, cyclical allocation of resources to more than one process or device.

Roundtripping : Process of converting files from one format to another for viewing or editing and then converting the files back to the original format again.

Router : Intermediary device on a communications network that expedites message delivery.

Routine : Any section of code that can be invoked (executed) within a program.

Routing :Process of forwarding packets between networks from source to destination.

Row : A horizontal block of cells in a table or spreadsheet.

Ruler : A bar that shows the width of the page, the margin settings, the paragraph indentions, and the tab stops.

Run : process of using software .

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)

S

Safe mode : Way of running Windows with many special hardware drivers disabled, to work around problems with improperly installed hardware or software.

SATA ( Serial Advance Technology Attachment ) : Hard Disk interface that uses serial signals to transfer data , instruction and information and has transfer rate upto 300 MBps and Higher .

Save : To store a program or data on a storage device such as a disk from computer's main memory .

Scanner : An input device that reads the printed text, graphics and then translate the result into form the computer can process .



Screen dump : A printout of what is displayed on the screen.

Screen saver : A program that changes the screen display while the user is away from the computer or if no mouse activity occurs for a specific time;used primarily for esthetic purposes.

Scroll : Process of moving information horizontally or vertically on a display screen so that one can see parts of a document that is too wide or too deep to fit entirely on one screen.

Scroll bar : An onscreen element that allows a user to scroll by using a mouse.

Search : Feature that allows user to locate all occurance of a certain word ,character or a phrase.

Search and replace : A command that directs the program to locate a character string or information wherever it occurs in a document and replace this material with new information.

Search engine : Program that looks and finds information ,websites, web pages,images,viedos, news and other information related to specific topic on the Internet, helps Web users to locate data by means of a keyword or concept ,most popular search engines are Google, Yahoo!, Excite, WebCrawler, and AltaVista.

Search Text : Word or phrase entered in a search engine's text box that describe that data or information user wants to find.

Sector : Smallest organized unit of data on a hard disk; small arcs into which tracks on disk are didvided.

Secure Digital (SD) : Type of miniature mobile storage medium that is a flash memoer card capable of storing between 64 MB to 8 GB of data.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) : Technology that encrypts, or encodes, information that is sent from browser to a Web server.

Seek Time : Average time taken by a disk drive to move from one track to another.

Sequential Access :Type of data access in which the storage device read/write data consecutively.

Serial Port : Type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by transmitting data one bit at a time.



Server : A computer that delivers data to other computers (clients) linked on the same network and control the access to hardware , software and other resouces on a network; provide centralized storage area for programs, data and information.



Service pack : Free downloadable updates to software released by the software manufacturer.

Shareware : Copyrighted Software that may be downloaded and distributed initially without charge for a trial period; the author may subsequently ask for some payment.

Shockwave: This is a "plug-in" to the browser that allows you to view interactive Web pages that contain games, movies, advertisements, etc.

Shopping Cart : Element of an electronic store front that allows a customer to collect purchases.

Shortcut : Icon on the desktop that provides a user with immediate access to a program or a file.

Shouting : The use of all caps in e-mail. This practice is considered a violation of netiquette and is actively discouraged.

Shuttle Matrix printer : High Speed line printers that functions like a dot matrix printer.



Shovelware. Mediocre material used to fill up space on a CD-ROM or a Web site.

Sig block. The signature block that automatically appears at the end of every outgoing e-mail message ,also referred to as a .sig file.

Signature verification System : Biometric device that organizes the shape of a person's handwritten signature and measures the presure exerted and the motion used to write the signature.



Silicon Valley :the Santa Clara Valley and surrounding area between San Jose and San Francisco, California, including the cities of Cupertino,Sunnyvale, and Palo Alto. It is the home of numerous semiconductor and computer companies, including Google, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, and Apple, as well as Stanford University.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(STMP): Communication Protocol used by outgoing mail servers.

Simulator : Program that executes the instruction set of a processor of a different architecture, with the goal of understanding the other processor's behavior.

Single Inline memory module (SIMM ) : Type of memory module that has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect togather to form a single set of contact.

Single user Multitasking : Allowing a single user to work on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time.

Single user single tasking : Allow only one user to run only one program at a time.

Single session Disc : Disc on which manufacturers write all data at one time.

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) : Type of high speed parallel hardware and software interface used to attach peripherals devices to computer such as a disk drive or a CD-ROM.



Small office /Home office (SOHO) :Any company with fewer than 50 employees as well as self employed who work from t home.

Smart Cards : Cards , similar in size to credit card or ATM card ,that store data on thin microprocessor embeded in the card.

Smart Phones : Internel enabled telephones that also provides PDA capabilities.

Smiley : In e-mail messages, a facial expression constructed sideways with standard characters. Also referred to as an emoticon .

Smurfing : the practice of maliciously disrupting a computer by pinging it continuously ;flooding it with test data packets to which it must respond.

Snail mail: A term employed by e-mail users to refer to regular mail service.

Sneakernet: Procedure for transferring files from one computer to another when the computers are not connected by an electronic network, by removing diskettes or other storage devices.

Socket : Electrical connector into which another connector, with pins, can be inserted.

Sockpuppet : Fake online identity created by another user so that the user talks through another mouthpiece while pretending not to . Sockpuppets often pop up in forums to defend the original person’s arguments or to deliver praise in order to make the user seem more popular.

Social Networking Web sites: Web sites that encourage memebers in its online community to share their interests , ideas, photos, experineces, music, viedos etc. with other registered members.

Soft copy :Temporary Output Information presented on the display screen.

Software: Series of instructions that tell the computer and computer networks what to do and to perform various functions.

Software Engineering : Branch of science deals with the designing and constructing software.

Software license : Agreement between the publisher of a computer program and the person who buys a copy of it, allowing the software to be used.

Software Suite :Collection of indiviuall programs sold as single package.

Sort : Arrange fields, records, or files in a predetermined sequence.

Sound Cards : Adapter card that enhace the sound generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a micro phone and output through speaker or headset.



Spam : Unsolicited e-mail message send to a great number of recipients without regard for their need to know.

Spam Filter : Software that distinguishes SPAM from ordinary e-mail.

Spammer : Person who sends out SPAM.

Speakers :Output Devices that allow you to hear sound from the computer.

Speech Recognition : Computer's capabilities to distinguishing spoken words.

Spelling Checker : Features in software application that review the spelling of the individual words in a document.

Spider : An automated program that searches the Internet for new Web sites and indexes their URLs and content descriptions in a database for examination by a search engine for matches.

Spim. Spam that is delivered by instant messaging (IM Spim).

Spit. Spam that is delivered by Internet telephony (IT).

Split screen. The ability of some programs to display information in two or more different areas on the screen at the same time.

Spoiler : Message that reveals a solution to a game or ending to a movie or a program.

Spoofing : Act of impersonating a user or a machine.

Spooling : Process that sends document to be printed to a buffer instead of sending them immediately /diectly to printer.

Spreadsheet : A program that provides a worksheet and allow user to organize data in rows and columns to be used for calculations and the preparation of reports.

Spyware : Software that enables a user to track someone’s computer activities without that person’s consent.

Stack : an abstract data structure from which nodes are deleted in last-in,First-out order ,maintained by an operating system to manage a process,or maintained by the process itself.

Steganography :concealment/hidding of a small message(image) inside a larger file(Image) that appears to consist entirely of something else.

Startup folder : Folder that contains a list of programs that opens/rus automatically when computer boots.

Storage : The memory location in which data,instruction and information are held for future use.

Storage Medium :The physicall material on which compter keeps data

Store : To place information in memory for later use.

Stub : Temporary substitute for a part of a computer program that has not yet been written.

Streaming : The process of transfering large amounts of audio or video information in contineous and even flow and playing them back on the computer.

Style sheet : Collection of the user’s formatting decisions regarding font, type size, margins, justifica-tion, paragraph indentions, and the like.

Stylus : Small matal or plastic device that looks like a ballpoints pen,uses pressure instead of ink to write, draw or make selections.

Subject Directory : Search tool that classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories and subcategories.

Subscribe : Process of a user adding thier e-mail, name and address to a mailing list.

Subwoofer : Speaker components that boosts low base sound.

SuperComputer: Fastest, most powerful and expensive,computers ,capable of processing more than 135 trillion instructions in a single second.

Superscalar : Processors that can execute more than one instruction per clock cycle.

Super Viedo Graphics Array(SVGA) :Video Standrard with a resolution of 800x600.

SuperXGA (SXGA) : video Standars with resolution of 1280x1024.

Surfing The Web : Activity to explore various Web sites on the Internet in search of interesting things.

Surge protector : A device that protects computer hardware from being damaged by sudden increases in voltage.




Synchronous : controlled by a clock signal.

Syntax: Rules that specify how the symbols of a language can be put together to form meaningful statements.

Synthesizer : Pheripheral or chip that creates sound from digital instructions.

System Board : Name sometime used for motherboard.

System Bus : Bus that is part of mother board and connects the processor to main memory.

System Clock : Small quartz crystal circuit that is used by the processor to control the timing of all computer operations.

System on a Chip : Processor that integrate the functions of processor, memory and viedo card on a single chip.

System Operator(SYSOP) : A person who operates a bulletin board system.

System Softwares: Programs that control and maintain the operation of a computer and its devices.

System time :time spent by the operating system on behalf of a user's program .

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)

T

Tabbed Browsing : Ability to open more than one page simultaneously in a web browser, with each page appearing as a tab on the screen allowing the user to quickly switch between them.

Tab gird : Series of preset indentions.

Tablet PC : Special Type of note book computer that resembles a letter-sized slate,which allows a user to write on the screen using a digital pen.



Tag Image File Format(TIFF) : Format for storing bitmapped images on disk, developed by Aldus, Microsoft. TIFF files can store very large images with millions of colors, using several kinds of data compression.

Tape: Magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amount of data and information at a low cost.

Tape Drive : Device that enables a computer to read and write magnetic tape.



Tape Liberary : Separate cabinet for large computers in which tape cartridges are mounted.



Task Manager : Utility that shows a list of running programs and operating system tasks and allows user to terminate them.

Taskbar : Area at the bottom of the screen in Windows, containing the "Start Button" and icon of every program that is currently running.



Teardrop attack : An Internet-based attack that breaks a message into a series of IP fragments with overlapping offset fields. When these fragments are reassembled at their destination, the fields don’t match, causing the system to hang, reboot, or crash.

Technophile : Someone who is enthusiastic about emerging technology. Compare computerphile.

Technophobe : A person who is afraid of or dislikes technological advances, especially computers.

Telecommuting : Work arrangement in which employee work from a home office or away from company's stanadard workplace with the aid of a computer, modem, telephone, fax, and other specialized equipment.

Telecommunications : The process of sending and receiving information by means of telephones, satellites, and others devices.




Teleconferencing : Conducting a conference by using computers, video, and telecommunications to share sound and images with others at remote sites.



Telematics : Wireless communications capabilities used in automobiles,including navigation system and internet access.

Telemedicine :Form of long distance healthcare where healthcare professionals in separate location conduct live conference on the computer.



Telnet : Protocol for using one computer as a terminal on another; only textual communication is supported, not graphics.

Template : Document that contains the formatting necessary for a specific document type.

Terabyte (TB) : Approximately one trillion bytes.

Terminal : Device consisting of a monitor,viedo card ,memory and keyboard which all housed in a single unit that can transmit or receive electronic information.

Thin -flim Transistors (TFT) : LCD monitors technology that uses a separate transistor to apply charges to each liquid crystal cell and thus display high quality color that is viewable from all angles.



Thermal Printer : Type of nonimpact printer that generate images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper.



Thermal Wax-transfer Printers: Thermal printer that generates images by using heat to melt colored wax onto heat-sensitive paper.

Thrashing : The state of an operating system that spends much of its time paging ,instead od executing application software.

Thread : Series of messages in a discussion forum, each responding to the previous one;article consisting of original article and all subsequent related replies.

Threaded Discussion : Online discussion where users can post comments, reply to a previous post, which may have been a reply to an earlier post. This keeps the replies organized in a hierarchical pattern so readers can easily follow the thread of one discussion.

Threadjacking : Act of deliberately switching the topic of a forum thread; intentional topic drift.

Throbber :An animated icon that moves while an application is completing a task, such as a browser loading a Web page. Serve to reassure the user that the application is still working on the task and has not frozen.



Throttle control : A device that enables the user of a flight simulator or game to control simulated engine power.



Throughput : The data transfer rate of a network, mea sured as the number of bits per second transmitted.

Thumb drive : Flash memory device that plugs in a USB port on a computer or portable device.



Thumbnail : small version of a larger graphics file displayed in order to identify it.

Tilde : ~ Character , indicates the home directory of a particular user.

Tile : Process to divide the screen into sections without overlapping one another.

Tiger Team : A group of users, programmers, or hackers who are charged with finding flaws in networks, applications, or security procedures. Tiger teams may be hired

Time bomb : Feature of software that renders the software unusable after a certain period of time.

Time slice : A brief period of time during which a par-ticular task is given control of the microprocessor in a time-sharing multitasking environment.

Timeout : Failure of an operation because it has exceeded the allowable time.

Timesharing : Technique for running more than one program on the same computer at the same time.

Tinkerbell program : Program used to monitor network traffic and alert security administrators when con-nections are made from a predetermined list of sites and individuals.


Title Bar : Horizontal space ,located at the top of the window ,that contains name, close,maximize and minimize optins.



Toggle : To switch something back and forth from one state to another.

Toggle Key : Key that switches between two states each time user presses the key.

Tokenize : To break a character string into the smallest units .

Toner : Type of powder ink that is used by laser printers and photocopy machines to create the image on paper to produce output. It consists of tiny particles of easily melted plastic.

Toolbox : Collection of icons that represent frequently used commands, may be displayed across the top or side of the screen , able to relocate it by dragging it with the mouse.

Topic Drift : Tendency of the topic of an online discussion to shift while the title of the messages remains the same, because everyone is replying to an existing message and therefore automatically keeping the same title.

Top Level Domain (TLD) : Identifies the type of organization associated with the domain e.g .edu,.pk,.com etc.

Topology : is the pattern of connections between the machines in the network,way or arrangement of computers in which they are connected.

Torrent : File ready to be downloaded by the BitTorrent method.

Touchpad : Device that substitute for a MOUSE on a laptop or notebook computer ,user uses a finger to make strokes on a rectangular touch sensor.



Touch Screen : Tuch sensitive display devices whith which user interact by touching areas of the screen or can point to things on it , without using a mouse.

Tower : Tall and narrow system unit that can sit on the floor vertically if desktop space is limited.

Trace :To execute a program step by step, observing the results of each step.

Track : Narrow recording band that forms full circles on the surface of hard disk.

Trackball: Stationary pointing device with a ball on its top ,similar in function to a mouse. The user rotates the ball in the direction desired.



Tractor Feed : Mechanism that uses toothed gears to pull the paper forward in a dot-matrix computer printer. The teeth fit into the feed holes in the side of the paper.

Trafic : Communication Activity on the Internet.

Transfer Rate : Speed at which data is transferred to and a device; a measure of the performance of disk drives, modems, and other peripheral devices.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol(TCP/IP) : Rules for transmitting data in packets from one computer to another on the Internet and various other networks.

Transposition : Common typing error where the order of two keystrokes is reversed. For example, “the” may be typed as “hte.”

Trapping : The act of detecting and responding to events that would ordinarily interrupt the operation of the computer.

Trash : Place where deleted files are stored on the Macintosh.

Tray : Small area on the screen at the right of the taskbar,holds the system clock display as well as icons for volume control and other device drivers such as printers, video card, and virus checkers.

Treeware : Anything printed on paper.

Trialware : Software that are allowed to use free for a limited period of time, but must purchase it when the trial period is over.

Trojan Horse :Malicious program with a hidden destructive function, that hides with in or looks like legitimate program.

Troll : Message that is posted in an online forum solely in order to stir up as many replies as possible, often contain deliberate misinformation or insults.

Troubleshoot :To isolate the source of a problem in a program, computer system, or network and remedy it.

Truncation : the act of cutting off part of something; specifically dropping digits of a number that are to the right of the decimal point and cutting off part of an image or a printed word when not enough space is available to print it.

Tune : To improve the performance of a system by adjusting numerical para-meters such as the size of the swap file, the time delays allowed for cer-tain operations, and the like.

Tunnel : Private, secure link between two distant places that connects two local-area networks on Internat.

Tweak : To make final small changes to improve hardware or software performance; to fine-tune a nearly com-plete product.

Twiddle : To make small changes in settings.

Twisted pair : Pair of unshielded wires twisted together, providing a cheap and relatively noise free way to transmit signals.

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)

minor mistakes

External power supply, used by some external peripherals,that concert 1-AC power in to DC power that the peripherals requires

2-Accelerated Graphics ports(AGP)-: Expensions bus designed by Intel to improve the speed with with 3-D graphics and video transmit .(its which)

3-LCD monitors or screen technology that uses aseparate transistors to apply charges to each liquid crystal cell and thus display high quality color that is viewable from all angles.

4-Boot: Term that ues for “ to start up” the computer.

5-Cybrarian : A person who makes a career of online research and data retrieval ;equivalent of a librarian(electronic equivalent of a librarian)


continue....

6-Cylinders : The vertical section of a hard disk track that passes through all paltters.

7-Daemon : program that runs continuously in the back-ground, or is activated by a particular event(i think it's and instead of or)

8-Dance Pad : Flat electronic devives divided into panels that user presses with their feet in response to instruction from music viedo game

9-L3 Cache : Cache on the motherboard that is separate from processor chip

continue

or is ok ,but it should be like " program that runs continuously in the back-ground, or is activated by a particular event without human intervention"

Other are the typo mistakes , corrected now.

Highly appreciated .

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)

U

U3 Smart Derives : Special type of USB flash drive that includes pre-installed software accessed through a Windows type interface.

Ultera Mobile PC (UMPC) : Computer small enough to fit in one hand.

Ultra XGA (UXGA) : Viedo standard with the resolution of 1600x 1200.

Underflow : In computation, a situation that arises when a number is too small to be represented in the chosen format.

Undo :To reverse the effects of most recent operations/actions.

Undock : To detach a laptop or other portable computer from docking station.

Unicode : 16-bit coding scheme that has the capability of representing more than 65,000 characters and symols.

Uniform Resource Locator : specific Unique Internet address for a resource or web pages.

Uninstaller : Utility program that removes a program , as well as any associated entries in the system files.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS): Battery-powered backup system that provides enough electricity during a power outage.

Universal Serial Bus (USB) : A common interface for connecting multiple peripherals to a computer as needed.



Universal Serial Bus Port :port that can connect up to 127 different perpherals devices with a single connector type.



Universal product code (UPC) :Bar code used by retail and grocery stores.



Universal Media Disk (UMD) : Mini-DVD used specifically with the PlayStation Portable Handheld game console.



Unmcompress : To restore a compressed ,or zipped file to its original form.

Unsubscribe : process of a user removing his or her e-mail name and address from the mailing list.

Unzip :to restore a compressed to its original form.

Upload: To transfer information from a client computer to a host computer (Server) on Internet.

Uploading : Process of transfering documents, graphics and other information from a client computer to server on Internet.

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) : technology for standardizing connections between different devices.

USB flash drive :Flash memory device that plugs in a USB port on a computer or portable device.



USB Hub : Device that plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB ports in which cables from USB devices can be plugged.



Usenet (Users’ Network):Bulletin board system or Internet site that hosts thousands of newsgroups.

User : Anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates.

User ID/User Name : Unique combination of characters , such as letters of the alphabets or numbers that indentifies a specific user.

User Interface : Portion of software that defines how a user interact with the computer ,including how the user enters the data and instruction and how information is displayed on screen.

User Response : An instruction a user issues by replying to a question displayed by a program.

Utility : Type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance type tasks,related to managing a computer its devices or its programs.

UTP (unshielded twisted pair): Cable consisting of pairs of wires twisted together and insulated but not provided with a metallic shield.

__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:)