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  #1  
Old Friday, April 16, 2010
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Default How to calculate GPA

Can anyone please guide me in detail how to convert % into GPA, and what type of GPA calculating system is being used in Pakistan?
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Brother the following is the formula used by HEC:

Formula for conversion of CGPA into percentage of marks on the scale of 4.00



CGPA
% Marks

3.63-4.00
90-100

3.25-3.62
80-89

2.88-3.24
70-79

2.50-2.87
60-69

1.80-2.49
50-59

1.00-1,79
40-49

0.00-099
Below 40




Formula for conversion of CGPA into percentage of marks on the scale of 5.00



CGPA
% Marks

4.63-5.00
90-100

4.25-4.62
80-89

3.88-4.24
70-79

3.5-3.87
60-69

2.8-3.49
50-59

2.00-2.79
40-49

1.00-1.99
Below 40


http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divi...intoMarks.aspx
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Let’s explain common method of Calculation of Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). CGPA is an accumulation of all your grade points divided to every single credit you take.
CGPA is calculated based on all subjects that you take. Each subject usually carries a credit value. Some less important subjects carry between 1 to 2 credits; more important ones carry 3 to 4. There are subjects categorized as "compulsory attendance only" or “compulsory for passing only” which usually carry 0 credits. These subjects hold no value, but failing it (due to poor attendance or whatsoever) will still hold you down from graduating successfully.
Calculation of GPA:
For each subject that you have successfully taken, a grade will be issued after the final exam. These grades each carry a specific point value i.e. A carries 4, B carries 3, C carries 2, D carries 1, and E carries 0 . Each of these points will be calculated based on the credit rating of each subject, and later summed up to give you your GPA for that particular semester.

For example:
Semester 1
Subject M (6 credits): B = 3.00
Subject N (2 credits): A = 4.00
Subject O (3 credits): C = 2.00
(6 x 3.00) + (2 x 4.00) + (3 x 2.00) = 32 total grade point for 11 credits.

Hence, your GPA for semester 1 is: 32 / 11 = 2.91 GPA for semester 1.
Since this is your first semester, your GPA is also your CGPA.

Semester 2

Subject P (6 credits): A = 4.00
Subject Q (3 credits): B = 3.00
Subject R (3 credits): E = 0.00 (FAIL)
Subject S (2 credits): B = 3.00
(6 x 4.00) + (3 x 3.00) + (3 x 0.00) + (2 x 3.00) = 39 total grade point for 14 credits. Hence your GPA for semester 2 is: 39 / 14 = 2.79 GPA for semester 2
Now that this is your second semester, your CGPA will be calculated by combining the two. However; a direct average is wrong. CGPA is calculated not based on the average of GPAs per semester, but based on grade points per credit that you take. To calculate your CGPA based on the two semesters above:
[(total grade point for semester 1) + (total grade point for semester 2)] / total credit taken in all semesters
[(32) + (39)] / (11 + 14) = 2.84 CGPA


Now, let's try the next semester where you retake the failed subject:
Semester 3
Subject R (3 credits): A = 4.00 (REPEATED SUBJECT)
Subject T (3 credits): B = 3.00
Subject U (3 credits): B = 3.00
Subject V (3 credits): B = 3.00

(3 x 4.00) + (3 x 3.00) + (3 x 3.00) + (3 x 3.00) = 39 total grade point for 12 credits. Hence your GPA for semester 3 is: 39 / 12 = 3.25 GPA.

Now, how do you calculate your CGPA when you have a repeated subject? Here is the main rule: you recalculate the repeated subject by replacing the old grade with the new one. It means, in your CGPA calculation, you never failed your subject R, you actually scored A! let’s see what it looks like:
[(grade points for sem 1) + (grade points for sem 2 excluding the failed subject) + (grade points for sem 3)] / [(credit for sem 1) + (credit for sem 2 excluding the failed subject) + (credit for sem 3)]

[(32) + (39 - 0) + (39)] / [(11) + (14 - 3) + (12)] = 110 / 34 = 3.24 CGPA!




Another example:
If in one semester/quarter you took three classes worth 6 credit hours each, and you earned two "A's" and a "B" which, traditionally, hold numeric values of 4 and 3, respectively, then you first calculate the total number of quality points, like so:
6 x 4 = 24
6 x 4 = 24
6 x 3 = 18
----------------
TOTAL QPs = (24 + 24 + 18) = 66
Again, to calculate your GPA, you would divide the QPs by the total number of credits attempted for each letter grade earned (that is, A, B, C, D, or F), like so:
66 / 18 = 3.67
Thus, your GPA for that semester/quarter would be 3.67. To calculate CGPA, which is your cumulative GPA, you would do this for all classes that you have completed up to that point and in which you earned a grade of A-D or F.


Applicable system in University of Sindh Jamshoro under 2010 announcement:


Course Weightage-Credit Hour
Each course carries certain credit hours assigned to it. One credit hour (C.H.) for a particular course is generally to be considered as fifty minutes (one period) of teaching per week. The number of credit hours indicates weightage of the course compared to other courses and also reflects number of hours of teaching of that course per week. Thus a course of 3 credit hours would mean a total of 3x16= 48 (credit hours assigned to the course multiplied by the number of weeks of semester) hours of actual teaching of that course in a semester. Laboratory course (Practical) upto 6 hours duration conducted once a week is assigned 1 C.H.

The credit hours are generally assigned as shown hereunder:-
English and other ‘General Requirements’ courses 2-3 C.H. each course per semester

All supporting Minor courses in Arts 3 C.H. each course per semester

All supporting Minor courses in Science Theory 2 C.H. each course per semester

Lab. (Practical) 1 C.H. each course per semester
All courses of discipline in which Majoring:

For Arts/ Commerce & Business Admn/ Islamic St. 3 or 4 C.H. each course per semester

For Natural Science Theory 3/ 4 C.H. each course per semester

Lab. (Practical) 1 C.H. each course per semester

Master’s level or graduate theory courses are generally assigned 3/4 C.H weightage and laboratory (Practical) are assigned 1 C.H. or 2 C.H conducted up to 3 hour/ 6 hour duration per week respectively

Grade Equivalence
Equivalence between letter grading and numerical grading in most disciplines (except Pharmacy & Business Administration) will be as under:-

Grade Equivalence: General

Grade..... Numerical Value........Marks..........Remarks
A............4 to < 5..............80- 100%.....Excellent
B........... 3 to < 4...............60- 79%......Good
C.......... 2 to < 3.............. 50 -59%......Satisfactory / Average
D.......... 1 to < 2..............40-49%........Pass
F.......... 0.......................Below 40%.....Fail
I........... 0..........................................Incompl ete
W......... 0..........................................Withdra wn from course

R.......... 0...........................................Resear ch in Progress

Grade Equivalence for Pharmacy:
Grade.... Numerical Value.......Marks.............Remarks
A.......... 4 to < 5...............80- 100%..........Excellent
B........... 3 to < 4.............. 60- 79%............Good
C...........1 to < 1.............. 50 -59%........... Average
D.......... 0........................Bellow 50%........Fail

Grade Equivalence for *Business Administration programs:
Grade..... Numerical Value.........Marks.............Remarks
A................4 to 5..................87% and above.....Excellent
B................3 to 4..................72- 86%.............Good
C...............2 to 3...................60 -71%.............Satisfactory / Average
F...............0.........................Below 60%.......... Fail


Quality Point (Q.P)/ Grade Point
The quality point of the performance of a student is obtained by multiplying the numerical value (see table above) of the grade earned by a student with the Credit Hours of that course, e.g., an ‘A’ grade in a course of 3 C.H. would earn 4x3=12 Q.P. and a ‘D’ grade in the same course earns 1x3=3 Q.P/ G.P.
The Academic Council has however resolved that while converting numerical score into appropriate grade, e.g. ‘A’ where score is 87%, the range of grade value corresponding to the percentage score (i.e. 4.4) be reckoned with in future. It implies that, with score of 60 & 78%, both would have been assigned ‘B’ under old rules; however allowing proportionate numerical Grade Value, the two scores be assigned 3.0 and 3.9 grade point respectively thereby allowing the student the benefit of better performance in the later case. This revised system would also be helpful in scoring better G.P.A../ C.G.P.A.
The ready reckoner table for conversion of numerical score into proportionate grade point is reproduced hereunder:-

A Grade...................B Grade...............C Grade.................D Grade
%....Grade Point... %......Grade Point...%.....Grade Point..%.....Grade Point
95-100,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,, 79,,,,,,,,, 3.9,,,,,,,, 59,,,,,,,,, 2.9,,,,,,,, 49,,,,,,,,, 1.9
94,,,,,,,,, 4.9,,,,,,,, 78,,,,,,,,, 3.9,,,,,,,, 58,,,,,,,,, 2.8,,,,,,,, 48,,,,,,,,, 1.8
93,,,,,,,,, 4.8,,,,,,,, 77,,,,,,,,, 3.8,,,,,,,, 57,,,,,,,,, 2.7,,,,,,,, 47,,,,,,,,, 1.7
92,,,,,,,,, 4.8,,,,,,,, 76,,,,,,,,, 3.8,,,,,,,, 56,,,,,,,,, 2.6,,,,,,,, 46,,,,,,,,, 1.6
91,,,,,,,,, 4.7,,,,,,,, 75,,,,,,,,, 3.7,,,,,,,, 55,,,,,,,,, 2.5,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,, 1.5
90,,,,,,,,, 4.6,,,,,,,, 74,,,,,,,,, 3.7,,,,,,,, 54,,,,,,,,, 2.4,,,,,,,, 44,,,,,,,,, 1.4
89,,,,,,,,, 4.6,,,,,,,, 73,,,,,,,,, 3.6,,,,,,,, 53,,,,,,,,, 2.3,,,,,,,, 43,,,,,,,,, 1.3
88,,,,,,,,, 4.5,,,,,,,, 72,,,,,,,,, 3.6,,,,,,,, 52,,,,,,,,, 2.2,,,,,,,, 42,,,,,,,,, 1.2
87,,,,,,,,, 4.4,,,,,,,, 71,,,,,,,,, 3.5,,,,,,,, 51,,,,,,,,, 2.1,,,,,,,, 41,,,,,,,,, 1.1
86,,,,,,,,, 4.4,,,,,,,, 70,,,,,,,,, 3.5,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,,,,, 2.0,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,, 1.0
85,,,,,,,,, 4.3,,,,,,,, 69,,,,,,,,, 3.4
84,,,,,,,,, 4.2,,,,,,,, 68,,,,,,,,, 3.4
83,,,,,,,,, 4.2,,,,,,,, 67,,,,,,,,, 3.3
82,,,,,,,,, 4.1,,,,,,,, 66,,,,,,,,, 3.3
81,,,,,,,,, 4.0,,,,,,,, 65,,,,,,,,, 3.2
80,,,,,,,,, 4.0,,,,,,,, 64,,,,,,,,, 3.2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 63,,,,,,,,, 3.1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 62,,,,,,,,, 3.1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 61,,,,,,,,, 3.0
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,, 3.0


Grade Point Average (G.P.A)
It is an expression for the average performance of the student in the courses he has offered during one or two semesters or at the end of the entire course.
G.P.A.= Sum of all the Quality Points earned /Sum of the Credit Hours of all the courses offered

Calculation : Example
Course #......Credit Hrs......Score....Grade.....Grade Point.....QP......GPA
ENGL 101,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,68%,,,,,,B,,,,,,,,,, ,3.4,,,,,,,,,,,,10.2
ARAB 101 ,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,57%,,,,,,C,,,,,,,,,,,2.7 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,8.1
ZOOL 101,,,,,,,,,3+1=4,,,,,,,,45%,,,,,,,D,,,,,,,,,,,1.5 ,,,,,,,,,,,,6.0
COMP 101,,,,,,,,,2+1=3,,,,,,, 80%,,,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,,4.0,,,,,,,,,,,,12.0
BOTN 101,,,,,,,,,3+1=4,,,,,,,,50%,,,,,,,C,,,,,,,,,, 2.0,,,,,,,,,,,,8.0
Total,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,44.3,,,2.61
Multiply Grade Point with the Credit Hours in each course, add up the cumulative Grade Points and divide by the Total Number of credit hours to get the G.P.A. per Semester. In the above example the G.P.A. is 44.3 divided by 17= 2.61

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Old Monday, April 19, 2010
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Default Division/Class/Grade

Dear

What s difference between Division, Grade and Class obatined in various results apparently. For instance: 2 nd Division/2nd Class or Grade B.
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Dear Raaz

Thanks for such a detailed reply, It was quite beneficial, but i have a more complex problem to share with you. Federal Urdu University is using a different way of calculating GPA. I do not know what is their scale, but in their system a student getting 75% can have the same GPA as the student getting 71 % marks. This is causing a lot of confusion in my mind. I am giving a real example of the process used in Urdu University.

Subjects Marks percent Grade points Credit Hours GPA
A 62% 9 3 3.0
B 68% 9 3 3.0
C 72% 10.5 3 3.5
D 78% 10.5 3 3.5
E 82% 12 3 4.0

Total 72.4% 51 15 3.4


This is teh calculation of first semester, all other semesters willl be the same

Now consider a real example of a nother student



Subjects Marks percent Grade points Credit Hours GPA
A 66% 9 3 3.0
B 69% 9 3 3.0
C 77% 10.5 3 3.5
D 79% 10.5 3 3.5
E 85% 12 3 4.0

Total 75.2% 51 15 3.4


Both students have the same GPA although there is a big difference in their marks %.

Can any one solve this mystry, as i am very much confused about the situation.

Regards
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Quote:
Peerless: but i have a more complex problem to share with you. Federal Urdu University is using a different way of calculating GPA. I do not know what is their scale, but in their system a student getting 75% can have the same GPA as the student getting 71 % marks. This is causing a lot of confusion in my mind.


You are right; it was the basic flaw in GPA system where sheep and goat were counted in the same lot. If candidate Y scored 80% and candidate Z scored 92% in the same subject their grade was same i.e. “A” and as per that grade both the candidates were awarded same Grade points i.e. “4”. In this way the candidate Z could not get benefit of higher percentage by putting in extra effort as compared to candidate Y.
Similarly, a candidate getting 71% will be counted in the same grade i.e. "B" and in the same grade points i.e. "3" with a candidate scoring 75% in the same subject.

In order to solve this anomaly and to provide benefit to the efficient candidates new system has been introduced in University of Sindh Jamshoro which is effective from 2010. In this new GPA system differentiation is made and benefit is given to candidate with higher percentage. Say for example in the same subject candidate Y scored 80% and candidate Z scored 92%, there grade points will be different. Candidate Y will be awarded “4” grade points where as candidate Z will be awarded “4.8” grade points.
Similarly; in your own example candidate getting 71% will be assigned 3.5 grade points and candidate scoring 75% will be assigned 3.7 grade points.

For further convenience go through the following details of my previous post in which I have already discussed this new system



Quote:
Originally Posted by Raz View Post
Applicable system in University of Sindh Jamshoro under 2010 announcement:

Quality Point (Q.P)/ Grade Point
The quality point of the performance of a student is obtained by multiplying the numerical value (see table above) of the grade earned by a student with the Credit Hours of that course, e.g., an ‘A’ grade in a course of 3 C.H. would earn 4x3=12 Q.P. and a ‘D’ grade in the same course earns 1x3=3 Q.P/ G.P.
The Academic Council has however resolved that while converting numerical score into appropriate grade, e.g. ‘A’ where score is 87%, the range of grade value corresponding to the percentage score (i.e. 4.4) be reckoned with in future. It implies that, with score of 60 & 78%, both would have been assigned ‘B’ under old rules; however allowing proportionate numerical Grade Value, the two scores be assigned 3.0 and 3.9 grade point respectively thereby allowing the student the benefit of better performance in the later case. This revised system would also be helpful in scoring better G.P.A../ C.G.P.A.
The ready reckoner table for conversion of numerical score into proportionate grade point is reproduced hereunder:-

A Grade...................B Grade...............C Grade.................D Grade
%....Grade Point... %......Grade Point...%.....Grade Point..%.....Grade Point
95-100,,, 5,,,,,,,,,,, 79,,,,,,,,, 3.9,,,,,,,, 59,,,,,,,,, 2.9,,,,,,,, 49,,,,,,,,, 1.9
94,,,,,,,,, 4.9,,,,,,,, 78,,,,,,,,, 3.9,,,,,,,, 58,,,,,,,,, 2.8,,,,,,,, 48,,,,,,,,, 1.8
93,,,,,,,,, 4.8,,,,,,,, 77,,,,,,,,, 3.8,,,,,,,, 57,,,,,,,,, 2.7,,,,,,,, 47,,,,,,,,, 1.7
92,,,,,,,,, 4.8,,,,,,,, 76,,,,,,,,, 3.8,,,,,,,, 56,,,,,,,,, 2.6,,,,,,,, 46,,,,,,,,, 1.6
91,,,,,,,,, 4.7,,,,,,,, 75,,,,,,,,, 3.7,,,,,,,, 55,,,,,,,,, 2.5,,,,,,,, 45,,,,,,,,, 1.5
90,,,,,,,,, 4.6,,,,,,,, 74,,,,,,,,, 3.7,,,,,,,, 54,,,,,,,,, 2.4,,,,,,,, 44,,,,,,,,, 1.4
89,,,,,,,,, 4.6,,,,,,,, 73,,,,,,,,, 3.6,,,,,,,, 53,,,,,,,,, 2.3,,,,,,,, 43,,,,,,,,, 1.3
88,,,,,,,,, 4.5,,,,,,,, 72,,,,,,,,, 3.6,,,,,,,, 52,,,,,,,,, 2.2,,,,,,,, 42,,,,,,,,, 1.2
87,,,,,,,,, 4.4,,,,,,,, 71,,,,,,,,, 3.5,,,,,,,, 51,,,,,,,,, 2.1,,,,,,,, 41,,,,,,,,, 1.1
86,,,,,,,,, 4.4,,,,,,,, 70,,,,,,,,, 3.5,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,,,,, 2.0,,,,,,,, 40,,,,,,,,, 1.0
85,,,,,,,,, 4.3,,,,,,,, 69,,,,,,,,, 3.4
84,,,,,,,,, 4.2,,,,,,,, 68,,,,,,,,, 3.4
83,,,,,,,,, 4.2,,,,,,,, 67,,,,,,,,, 3.3
82,,,,,,,,, 4.1,,,,,,,, 66,,,,,,,,, 3.3
81,,,,,,,,, 4.0,,,,,,,, 65,,,,,,,,, 3.2
80,,,,,,,,, 4.0,,,,,,,, 64,,,,,,,,, 3.2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 63,,,,,,,,, 3.1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 62,,,,,,,,, 3.1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 61,,,,,,,,, 3.0
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,, 3.0


Grade Point Average (G.P.A)
It is an expression for the average performance of the student in the courses he has offered during one or two semesters or at the end of the entire course.
G.P.A.= Sum of all the Quality Points earned /Sum of the Credit Hours of all the courses offered

Calculation : Example
Course #......Credit Hrs......Score....Grade.....Grade Point.....QP......GPA
ENGL 101,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,68%,,,,,,,,B,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,3.4,,,,,,,,,,,,10.2
ARAB 101,,,,,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,57%,,,,,,,,C,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,2.7,,,,,,,,,,,,,8.1
ZOOL 101,,,,,,,3+1=4,,,,,,,45%,,,,,,,,,,D,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,1.5,,,,,,,,,,,,6.0
COMP 101,,,,,,2+1=3,,,,,,,,80%,,,,,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.0,,,,,,,,,,,,12.0
BOTN 101,,,,,,,3+1=4,,,,,,,,50%,,,,,,,C,,,,,,,,,, 2.0,,,,,,,,,,,,8.0
Total,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,44.3,,,,,2.61
Multiply Grade Point with the Credit Hours in each course, add up the cumulative Grade Points and divide by the Total Number of credit hours to get the G.P.A. per Semester. In the above example the G.P.A. is 44.3 divided by 17= 2.61
Regards
After implementing this new GPA system both the candidates will be awarded with different GPA/CGPA.

Regards
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  #7  
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Default Seniors kindly guide.

I am studying in China and doing BE Mechanical here in my university they has 5 GPA scale.
I want to explain it.
My CGPA will be around 2.1 or 2.2 at the time of graduation In shaa ALLAH.
According to here 2.1 gpa is 71% which is regarded as A grade in Pak Watan.
Now i have a query Umar Abbas stated above as there in Pakistan 2.00 to 2.79 is around 40% to 49%.
This thing is confusing me that here in China 2.1?5 gpa is 71% but aforementioned calculation method by Umar Abaas is something different.
Am i eligible for Css if i got 2.1 or 2.2 cgpa/5 cgpa.
Thanks.
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Can anyone tell what would be CGPA of 2.68 & 3.91 in percentage?
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If you want to calculate grades using the percent grade calculator, it's easy to do it. gpahub[.]net can help you. You can using this tool for sutdent at highschool, college, university GPA/CGPA score.
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nice and justified
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