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World's Minister History ...
Here are Names of The Kings , Sultans, Prime Ministers, and Presidents of Different Countries around the World. I hope you will Find it Interesting . If you think there are some are Errors in it , please report to me. I will Update the Countries with a Perid of Time . Here is my First Collection ....
[SIZE="5"]Afg[COLOR="Red"]han[/COLOR][COLOR="SeaGreen"]istan[/COLOR][/SIZE][IMG]http://www.afghancanadianservices.com/image/afghanFLAG.jpg[/IMG] [COLOR="DarkOrange"]Note:[/COLOR] Before 1881 there were essentially four rulers' capitals: Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar (the last now in Pakistan). All the rulers belong to the Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Dorrani on the accession of Ahmad Shah. They belong either to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan (typically with the style padshah [king]) or to the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan (typically with the style amir, in full Amir al-Mo´menin [Leader of the Faithful]). The Mohammadzay also furnished the Saddozay kings frequently with top counselors, who served occasionally as regents, identified with the epithet Mohammadzay. [SIZE="4"]Kabul[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Kings[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Saddozay segment -[/SIZE] Jul 1747 - 16 Oct 1772 Ahmad Shah "Dorr-e Dorran" (b. 1724 - d. 1772) 16 Oct 1772 - 18 May 1793 Timur Shah (b. 1748 - d. 1793) 23 May 1793 - 1801 Zaman Shah (b. 1770/72 - d. 1844) 25 Jul 1801 - Jul 1803 Mahmud Shah (1st time) 13 Jul 1803 - 1809 Shoja` al-Molk Shah (1st time) (b. c.1792 - d. 1842) 3 May 1808 - 1808 Qaysar Shah (in rebellion) 3 May 1809 - 1818 Mahmud Shah (2nd time) 1818 - 1819 Soltan `Ali Shah 1819 - 1823 Ayyub Shah [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 1823 Habibollah Shah 1823 - 1826 Soltan Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay (regent) 1826 - 1836 Dost Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay (b. 1789 - d. 1863) (regent) [SIZE="3"]Emir[/SIZE] [B]- Mohammadzay segment -[/B] 1836 - 2 Aug 1839 Dost Mohammad Khan (1st time) (s.a.) [SIZE="3"]King[/SIZE] [B]- Saddozay segment -[/B] 8 May 1839 - 5 Apr 1842 Shoja` al-Molk Shah (2nd time) (s.a.) 1841 - Apr 1842 Mohammad Zaman Khan Mohammadzay (regent) (in rebellion) [SIZE="3"]Emirs[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Saddozay segment -[/SIZE] 29 Jun 1842 - 12 Oct 1842 Fath Jang Khan 12 Oct 1842 - Dec 1842 Shahpur Khan [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] Dec 1842 - 9 Jun 1863 Dost Mohammad Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) 1863 - May 1866 Shir `Ali Khan (1st time) (b. 1825 - d. 1879) May 1866 - 7 Oct 1867 Mohammad Afzal Khan (b. 1811 - d. 1867) 7 Oct 1867 - 8 Sep 1868 Mohammad A`zam Khan (b. 18... - d. 1869) 8 Sep 1868 - 21 Feb 1879 Shir `Ali Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) 21 Feb 1879 - 12 Oct 1879 Mohammad Ya`qub Khan (b. 1849 - d. 1923) 1879 - 31 Mar 1880 Mohammad Jan (minister-regent) (b. ... - d. 1880) 22 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 Abdor Rahman Khan (b. 1844 - d. 1901) [SIZE="4"]Herat[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Kings[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Saddozay segment -[/SIZE] Jul 1747 - 1797 see Kabul 1797 Mahmud Shah (1st time) 1797 - 1818 see Kabul 1818 - 1819 Mahmud Shah (2nd time) 1819 see Kandahar 1819 - 1826 Mahmud Shah (3rd time) 1826 - Mar 1842 Kamran Shah Mar 1842 - 1 Jun 1851 Yar Mohammad Khan Alikozay (minister-regent) 1 Jun 1851 - 15 Sep 1855 Sayyed Mohammad Khan Alikozay (minister-regent) 15 Sep 1855 - Jun 1856 Mohammad Yusuf Khan Mohammadzay (regent) Jun 1856 - Oct 1856 Isa Khan Bardorani (minister-regent) Oct 1856 - 27 Jul 1857 occupied by Iran [SIZE="3"]Emirs[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 27 Jul 1857 - 26 May 1863 Soltan Ahmad Khan (b. ... - d. 1863) 26 May 1863 - 9 Jun 1863 see Kabul 9 Jun 1863 - 8 Sep 1868 Shir `Ali Khan (s.a.) 8 Sep 1868 - 12 Oct 1879 see Kabul Mar 1880 - 2 Oct 1881 Mohammad Ayyub Khan (b. 1855 - d. 1914) [SIZE="4"]Kandahar[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Kings[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Saddozay segment -[/SIZE] Jul 1747 - 16 Oct 1772 see Kabul 16 Oct 1772 - 1772 Solayman Shah 1772 - 18 May 1793 see Kabul 18 May 1793 - 19 Jun 1793 Homayun Shah 19 Jun 1793 - 1804 see Kabul 1804 - 1805 Kamran Shah 1805 - 1808 see Kabul 1808 Mahmud Shah (1st time) 1808 - 1809 see Kabul 1809 - 3 May 1809 Mahmud Shah (2nd time) 3 May 1809 - 1818 see Kabul 1819 - 1826 Shirdil Khan Mohammadzay (regent) 1826 - 1839 Purdil Khan Mohammadzay (regent) Apr 1839 - 5 Apr 1842 Shoja` al-Molk Shah (s.a.) May 1842 - 1842 Safdar Jang Khan Saddozay (regent) 1842 -Aug 1855 Kohandil Khan Mohammadzay (regent)(b. 18...- d.1855) Aug 1855 - Nov 1855 Mohammad Sadeq Khan Mohammadzay (regent) Nov 1855 - Jul 1858 Gholam Haydar Khan Mohammadzay(b. 18... - d. 1858) (regent) Jul 1858 - 9 Jun 1863 see Kabul [SIZE="3"]Emirs[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 1863 - 1865 Mohammad Amin Khan (b. 18... - d. 1865) 1865 - Jan 1867 Shir `Ali Khan (1st time) (s.a.) Jan 1867 - 7 Oct 1867 Mohammad Afzal Khan (s.a.) 7 Oct 1867 - Apr 1868 Mohammad A`zam Khan (s.a.) Apr 1868 - 8 Sep 1868 Shir `Ali Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 Sep 1868 - 12 Oct 1879 see Kabul 1880 - 21 Apr 1881 Shir `Ali Khan Barakzay (minister-regent) 21 Apr 1881 - 20 Jul 1881 see Kabul 20 Jul 1881 - 22 Sep 1881 Mohammad Ayyub Khan (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Peshawar[/SIZE] 1823 incorporated into Punjab (officially May 1834) [SIZE="3"]Kings[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Saddozay segment -[/SIZE] Jul 1747 - Aug 1801 see Kabul Aug 1801 - Sep 1801 Shoja` al-Molk Shah (1st time) (s.a.) Sep 1801 - 1818 see Kabul 1818 Ayyub Shah (1st time) 1818 Shoja` al-Molk Shah (2nd time) (s.a.) 1818 - 1823 Ayyub Shah (2nd time) [SIZE="4"]Ghazni[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Emir[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 24 Dec 1879 - 21 Apr 1880 Musa Jan Khan (b. 1868 - d. 1951) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [SIZE="5"]Afghanistan since 1881[/SIZE] 2 Oct 1881 State of Afghanistan 9 Jun 1926 Kingdom of Afghanistan 17 Jul 1973 Republic of Afghanistan 30 Apr 1978 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 30 Nov 1987 Republic of Afghanistan 28 Apr 1992 Islamic State of Afghanistan 26 Oct 1997 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 13 Nov 2001 Islamic State of Afghanistan 19 Jun 2002 Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 26 Jan 2004 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan General secretaries of the People's Democratic (Communist) Party 27 Dec 1979 - 4 May 1986 Babrak Karmal (b. 1929 - d. 1996) 4 May 1986 - 28 Jun 1990 Mohammad Najibullah (b. 1947 - d. 1996) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="3"]Emirs[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 22 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 Abdor Rahman Khan (b. 1844 - d. 1901) 3 Oct 1901 - 20 Feb 1919 Habibullah Khan (b. 1872 - d. 1919) 21 Feb 1919 - 28 Feb 1919 Nasrullah Khan (b. 1875 - d. 1920) 28 Feb 1919 - 9 Jun 1926 Amanullah Khan (b. 1892 - d. 1960) [SIZE="3"]Kings¹[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 9 Jun 1926 - 14 Jan 1929 Amanullah Shah (s.a.) 14 Jan 1929 - 17 Jan 1929 Inayatullah Shah (b. 1888 - d. 1946) Emir 17 Jan 1929 - 13 Oct 1929 Habibullah Ghazi (b. 1890? - d. 1929) 21 Jan 1929 - 23 May 1929 Amanullah Shah (s.a.) (in rebellion, at Kandahar) 28 Jan 1929 - 29 Mar 1929 Sardar Ali Ahmad Khan (b. 1883 - d. 1929) (in rebellion, at Jalalabad) 1929 - 15 Jul 1929? Sardar Ali Ahmad Khan (s.a.) (in rebellion, at Kandahar) 1929 - 17 Oct 1929 Mohammad Nadir Khan (b. 1880 - d. 1933) (in rebellion, at Khost) [SIZE="3"]Kings¹[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Mohammadzay segment -[/SIZE] 17 Oct 1929 - 8 Nov 1933 Mohammad Nadir Shah (s.a.) 8 Nov 1933 - 17 Jul 1973 Mohammad Zahir Shah (b. 1914 - d. 2007) President 17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan (b. 1909 - d. 1978) [SIZE="3"]Chairman of the Military Council[/SIZE] 27 Apr 1978 - 30 Apr 1978 Abdul Qadir (b. 1944) [SIZE="3"]Presidents of the Revolutionary Council[/SIZE] 30 Apr 1978 - 16 Sep 1979 Nur Mohammad Taraki (b. 1917 - d. 1979) 16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah Amin (b. 1929 - d. 1979) 27 Dec 1979 - 24 Nov 1986 Babrak Karmal (s.a.) 24 Nov 1986 - 30 Sep 1987 Haji Mohammad Chamkani (b. 1947) 30 Sep 1987 - 30 Nov 1987 Mohammad Najibullah (s.a.) [SIZE="3"]Presidents[/SIZE] 30 Nov 1987 - 16 Apr 1992 Mohammad Najibullah (s.a.) 16 Apr 1992 - 28 Apr 1992 Abdul Rahim Hatef (acting) (b. 1926) 28 Apr 1992 - 28 Jun 1992 Sibghatullah Mojadedi (interim) (b. 1925) 28 Jun 1992 - 27 Sep 1996 Burhanuddin Rabbani (b. 1940) (continues in rebellion after 27 Sep 1996, largely retaining international recognition) [SIZE="3"]Heads of the Supreme Council²[/SIZE]27 Sep 1996 - 16 Apr 2001 Mullah Mohammad Rabbani (b. 1956 - d. 2001) 16 Apr 2001 - 13 Nov 2001 Mawlawi Abdul Kabir (acting) [SIZE="3"]Presidents[/SIZE] 13 Nov 2001 - 22 Dec 2001 Burhanuddin Rabbani (s.a.) (returns to Kabul 17 Nov 2001) 22 Dec 2001 - Hamid Karzai (b. 1957) (chairman of the Interim Administration to 19 Jun 2002) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="3"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] 25 Oct 1927 - Jan 1929 Sardar Shir Ahmad (b. 1885 - d. 19...) Jan 1929 - 1 Nov 1929 Shir Giyan (b. ... - d. 1929) 14 Nov 1929 -May 1946 Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan(b. c.1885 - d. 1953) May 1946 - 7 Sep 1953 Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (b. 1890 - d. 1959) 7 Sep 1953 - 10 Mar 1963 Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan (s.a.) 10 Mar 1963 - 2 Nov 1965 Mohammad Yusuf (b. 1917 - d. 1998) 2 Nov 1965 -11 Oct 1967 Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal(b. 1919 - d. 1973) 11 Oct 1967 - 1 Nov 1967 Abdullah Yaqta (interim) 1 Nov 1967 - 9 Jun 1971 Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi(b. 1921 - d. 1979) 9 Jun 1971 - 12 Dec 1972 Abdul Zahir (b. 1910 - d. 1982) 12 Dec 1972 - 17 Jul 1973 Mohammad Musa Shafiq (b. 1932 - d. 1979) 1 May 1978 - 27 Mar 1979 Nur Mohammad Taraki (s.a.) 27 Mar 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah Amin (s.a.) 27 Dec 1979 - 11 Jun 1981 Babrak Karmal (s.a.) 11 Jun 1981 - 26 May 1988 Sultan Ali Keshtmand (1st time) (b. 1935) 26 May 1988 - 21 Feb 1989 Mohammad Hassan Sharq (b. 1925) 21 Feb 1989 - 8 May 1990 Sultan Ali Keshtmand (2nd time) (s.a.) 8 May 1990 - 15 Apr 1992 Fazal Haq Khaliqyar (b. 1934 - d. 2004) 6 Jul 1992 - 15 Aug 1992 Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani (b. 1952 - d. 2007) 17 Jun 1993 - 28 Jun 1994 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (1st time) (b. 1947) Nov 1994 - 1995 Arsala Rahmani (acting) (b. 1937) 1995 - 26 Jun 1996 Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai (acting) (b. 1944) 26 Jun 1996 - 27 Sep 1996 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (2nd time) (s.a.) (continues under Burhanuddin Rabbani to 11 Aug 1997) 11 Aug 1997 - 21 Aug 1997 Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai (b. 19... - d. 1997) (under Burhanuddin Rabbani) [SIZE="4"][COLOR="SeaGreen"]¹Title Padshah-i Afghanistan (Dari language); De Afghanistan Bacha (Pashto language, official from 1937). ²As indicated by the country's 1997 name change, the de facto leader during the Taliban rule (27 Sep 1996 - 13 Nov 2001) was Taliban leader Mullah Mohammad Omar (b. 1959/62), styled Amir al-Mo´menin.[/COLOR][/SIZE] |
Albania
[SIZE="5"]Albania[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.coldwar.hu/html/en/finding_aids/flags/albania_flag.jpg[/IMG] 1478 part of Ottoman Empire 28 Nov 1912 independence 7 Mar 1914 Albanian Principality 31 Jan 1925 Albanian Republic (proclaimed 22 Jan 1925) 1 Sep 1928 Albanian Kingdom 7 Apr 1939 invaded by Italy; personal union with Italy to 1943 11 Jan 1946 People's Republic of Albania 28 Dec 1976 Socialist People's Republic of Albania 30 Apr 1991 Republic of Albania [SIZE="4"]First secretaries of the Albanian (Communist) Party of Labour[/SIZE] Nov 1948 - 11 Apr 1985 Enver Hoxha (b. 1908 - d. 1985) 11 Apr 1985 - 13 Apr 1985 Vangjel Çërrava (b. 1941) + Lenka Çuko (f) (b. 1938) + Simon Stefani (b. 1929) (secretaries) 13 Apr 1985 - 4 May 1991 Ramiz Alia (b. 1925) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the National Assembly[/SIZE] 28 Nov 1912 - 29 Nov 1912 Ismail Qemali Bej (b. 1844 - d. 1919) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Provisional Government[/SIZE] 29 Nov 1912 - 22 Jan 1914 Ismail Qemali Bej (s.a.) 12 Oct 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 Esat Pashë Toptani (b. 1863 - d. 1920) (chairman Council of Elders of Central Albania, in opposition in Durrës) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Central Government[/SIZE] 22 Jan 1914 - 7 Mar 1914 Fejzi Bej Alizoti (b. 1876 - d. 1945) [SIZE="4"]Sovereign Prince[/SIZE] 7 Mar 1914 - 3 Sep 1914 Wilhelm zu Wied (b. 1876 - d. 1945) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Administrative Commission[/SIZE] 3 Sep 1914 - Sep 1914 Qamil Musa Haxhi Feza [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the General Council[/SIZE] Sep 1914 - 5 Oct 1914 Mustafa Bej Ndroqi [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Provisional Government[/SIZE] 5 Oct 1914 - 24 Feb 1916 Esat Pashë Toptani (s.a.) 24 Feb 1916 - 28 Dec 1918 no national government 28 Dec 1918 - 28 Jan 1920 Turhan Pashë Permeti (b. 1839? - d. 1927) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the National Government[/SIZE] 28 Jan 1920 - 30 Jan 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina (b. 1882 - d. 1932) 30 Jan 1920 - 25 Dec 1921 High Council - Aqif Pashë Biçaku (b. 18... - d. 1926) (to 22 Dec 1921) - Luigj Bumçi (b. 1872 - d. 1945) (to 22 Dec 1921) - Abdi Bej Toptani (b. 1864 - d. 1942) - Mihal Turtulli 25 Dec 1921 - 31 Jan 1925 High Council - Omer Pashë Vrioni (to 22 Jan 1922) - Ndoc Pistulli (to 22 Jan 1922) - Sotir Peci (b. 1873 - d. 1932) - Refik Bej Toptani - Xhafer Ypi (b. 1880 - d. 1940) (from 2 Dec 1922) - Gjon Çoba (from 2 Dec 1922) 2 Jul 1924 - 24 Dec 1924 Fan Noli (b. 1882 - d. 1965) (acting for High Council) [SIZE="4"]President[/SIZE] 31 Jan 1925 - 1 Sep 1928 Amet Zogu (b. 1895 - d. 1961) Kings (title Mbret i Shqiptarëve; 1939-43 Mbret i Shqipërisë) 1 Sep 1928 - 8 Apr 1939 Zog I (s.a.) 9 Apr 1939 - 12 Apr 1939 Xhafer Ypi (s.a.) (chairman Provisional Administration Committee) 12 Apr 1939 - 16 Apr 1939 Shefqet Bej Vërlaci (b. 1877 - d. 1946) (acting head of state) 16 Apr 1939 - 3 Sep 1943 Vittorio Emanuele III (b. 1869 - d. 1947) Lieutenants-general, representing Vittorio Emanuele III: 22 Apr 1939 -Mar 1943 Francesco Jacomoni di San Savino(b. 1894 - d.1973) Mar 1943 - Sep 1943 Alberto Pariani (b. 1876 - d. 1955) 14 Sep 1943 - 20 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Bej Biçaku (chairman Provisional Executive Committee) 20 Oct 1943 - 25 Oct 1944 Mehdi Bej Frashëri (b. 1872 - d. 1963) (chairman High Council of Regency) [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Presidium of the People's Assembly[/SIZE] 26 May 1944 - 1 Aug 1953 Omer Nishani (b. 1887 - d. 1954) (chairman Presidium of Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation to 12 Jan 1946; chairman Presidium of Constituent Assembly 12 Jan - 14 Mar 1946) 1 Aug 1953 - 22 Nov 1982 Haxhi Lleshi (b. 1913 - d. 1998) 22 Nov 1982 - 30 Apr 1991 Ramiz Alia (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] 30 Apr 1991 - 3 Apr 1992 Ramiz Alia (s.a.) 3 Apr 1992 - 6 Apr 1992 Kastriot Islami (acting) (b. 1952) 6 Apr 1992 - 9 Apr 1992 Pjetër Arbnori (acting) (b. 1935 - d. 2006) 9 Apr 1992 - 24 Jul 1997 Sali Berisha (b. 1944) 24 Jul 1997 (hours) Skënder Gjinushi (acting) (b. 1949) 24 Jul 1997 - 24 Jul 2002 Rexhep Meidani (b. 1944) 24 Jul 2002 - 24 Jul 2007 Alfred Moisiu (b. 1929) 24 Jul 2007 - Bamir Topi (b. 1957) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] 27 Mar 1920 - 14 Nov 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina (s.a.) 10 Dec 1920 - 19 Oct 1921 Ilias Bej Vrioni (1st time) (b. 18... - d. 1932) 19 Oct 1921 - 6 Dec 1921 Pandeli Evangjeli (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. af.1939) 7 Dec 1921 - 12 Dec 1921 Hasan Bej Pristina (b. 1873 - d. 1933) 12 Dec 1921 - 30 Dec 1921 Idhomene Kosturi (b. 1873 - d. 1943) 30 Dec 1921 - 4 Dec 1922 Xhafer Ypi (s.a.) 4 Dec 1922 - 5 Mar 1924 Amet Zogu (1st time) (s.a.) 5 Mar 1924 - 2 Jun 1924 Shefqet Bej Vërlaci (1st time) (s.a.) 2 Jun 1924 - 16 Jun 1924 Ilias Bej Vrioni (2nd time) (s.a.) 16 Jun 1924 - 26 Dec 1924 Fan Noli (s.a.) 26 Dec 1924 - 6 Jan 1925 Ilias Bej Vrioni (3rd time) (s.a.) 6 Jan 1925 - 30 Jan 1925 Amet Zogu (2nd time) (s.a.) 10 Sep 1928 - 5 Mar 1930 Koço Kota (1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1947) 5 Mar 1930 - 22 Oct 1935 Pandeli Evangjeli (2nd time) (s.a.) 22 Oct 1935 - 9 Nov 1936 Mehdi Bej Frashëri (1st time) (s.a.) 9 Nov 1936 - 8 Apr 1939 Koço Kota (2nd time) (s.a.) 12 Apr 1939 - 4 Dec 1941 Shefqet Bej Vërlaci (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Dec 1941 - 19 Jan 1943 Mustafa Merlika-Kruja (b. 1887 - d. 1958) 19 Jan 1943 - 13 Feb 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1948) 13 Feb 1943 - 12 May 1943 Maliq Bushati 12 May 1943 - 9 Sep 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 Sep 1943 - 24 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Bej Biçaku 24 Oct 1943 - 3 Nov 1943 Mehdi Bej Frashëri (2nd time) (s.a.) 4 Nov 1943 - 18 Jul 1944 Rexhep Mitrovica (b. 1888 - d. 1967) 18 Jul 1944 - 26 Oct 1944 Fiqri Dine (b. ... - d. 1960) [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Council of Ministers[/SIZE] 1 Jan 1946 - 20 Jul 1954 Enver Hoxha (s.a.) 20 Jul 1954 - 18 Dec 1981 Mehmet Shehu (b. 1913 - d. 1981) 18 Dec 1981 - 22 Feb 1991 Adil Çarçani (b. 1922 - d. 1997) (acting to 15 Jan 1982) [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] 22 Feb 1991 - 5 Jun 1991 Fatos Nano (1st time) (b. 1952) 5 Jun 1991 - 10 Dec 1991 Ylli Bufi (b. 1948) 10 Dec 1991 - 13 Apr 1992 Vilson Ahmeti (b. 1951) 13 Apr 1992 - 11 Mar 1997 Aleksandër Meksi (b. 1939) 11 Mar 1997 - 24 Jul 1997 Bashkim Fino (b. 1962) 24 Jul 1997 - 2 Oct 1998 Fatos Nano (2nd time) (s.a.) 2 Oct 1998 - 29 Oct 1999 Pandeli Majko (1st time) (b. 1967) 29 Oct 1999 - 22 Feb 2002 Ilir Meta (b. 1969) 22 Feb 2002 - 31 Jul 2002 Pandeli Majko (2nd time) (s.a.) 31 Jul 2002 - 11 Sep 2005 Fatos Nano (3rd time) (s.a.) 11 Sep 2005 - Sali Berisha (s.a.) |
Algeria
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="SeaGreen"]Alg[/COLOR]eria[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_and_map_of_Algeria.svg/610px-Flag_and_map_of_Algeria.svg.png[/IMG] 1536 Ottoman rule 1671 rule of semi-autonomous deys 1711 deys recognized as governors by the Ottomans 1830 French occupation 1842 French annexation 3 Jul 1962 independence (Algerian State) 25 Sep 1962 People's Democratic Algerian Republic [SIZE="4"]Military commanders[/SIZE] 5 Jul 1830 - 3 Sep 1830 Louis de Bourmont (b. 1773 - d. 1846) 3 Sep 1830 - 21 Mar 1831 Bertrand, comte Clauzel (b. 1772 - d. 1842) 21 Mar 1831 - 6 Dec 1831 Pierre, baron Berthezène (b. 1775 - d. 1847) 6 Dec 1831 - 29 Apr 1833 René Savary, duc de Rovigo (b. 1774 - d. 1833) 22 Nov 1832 - Dec 1843 Abd-el-Kader (b. 1808 - d. 1883) (Amir al-Mu´minin [also styled Sultan], in rebellion) 29 Apr 1833 - 27 Jul 1834 Théophile, baron Voirol (b. 1781 - d. 1853) [SIZE="4"]Governors-general[/SIZE] 27 Jul 1834 - 8 Jul 1835 Jean-Baptiste Drouet, comte d'Erlon (b. 1765 - d. 1844) 8 Jul 1835 - 12 Feb 1837 Bertrand, comte Clauzel (s.a.) 12 Feb 1837 -13 Oct 1837 Charles Denys, comte de Damrémont (b. 1783 - d. 1837) 1 Dec 1837 - 1840 Sylvain Charles, comte Valée (b. 1773 - d. 1846) 22 Feb 1841 - 27 Sep 1847 Thomas Robert Bugeaud, marquis de la Piconnerie, (from 1844) duc d'Isly (b. 1784 - d. 1849) 1 Sep 1845 - 6 Jul 1847 Louis Juchault de Lamoricière (b. 1806 - d. 1865) (acting for Bugeaud) 6 Jul 1847 - 27 Sep 1847 Marie-Alphonse Bedeau (b. 1804 - d. 1863) (acting for Bugeaud) 27 Sep 1847 - 24 Feb 1848 Henri Eugène Philippe Louis d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale (b. 1822 - d. 1897) 24 Feb 1848 - 29 Apr 1848 Louis Eugène Cavaignac (b. 1802 - d. 1857) 29 Apr 1848 - 9 Sep 1848 Nicolas Anne Théodule Changarnier (b. 1793 - d. 1877) 9 Sep 1848 - 22 Oct 1850 Viala, baron Charon (b. 1794 - d. 1880) 22 Oct 1850 - 10 May 1851 Alphonse Henri, comte d'Hautpoul (b. 1789 - d. 1865) 10 May 1851 - 11 Dec 1851 Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier (1st time) (b. 1794 - d. 1864) 11 Dec 1851 - 31 Aug 1858 Jacques Louis César Alexandre, comte de Randon (b. 1795 - d. 1871) 24 Nov 1860 - 22 May 1864 Aimable Jean Jacques Pélissier, duc de Malakoff (2nd time) (s.a.) 1 Sep 1864 - 27 Jul 1870 Patrice Maurice de Mac-Mahon (b. 1808 - d. 1893) 27 Jul 1870 - 23 Oct 1870 Louis, baron Durrieu (acting) (b. 1812 - d. 1877) 23 Oct 1870 - 16 Nov 1870 Jean Louis Marie Walsin-Esterhazy (b. 1804 - d. 1871) (acting) [SIZE="4"]Extraordinary commissioners[/SIZE] 16 Nov 1870 - 8 Feb 1871 Charles du Bouzet (b. 1817 - d. 1883) 8 Feb 1871 - 29 Mar 1871 Alexis Lambert (b. 1829 - d. 1877) [SIZE="4"]Governors-general[/SIZE] 29 Mar 1871 - 10 Jun 1873 Louis Henri, comte de Gueydon(b. 1809 - d. 1886) 10 Jun 1873 - 15 Mar 1879 Antoine Chanzy (b. 1823 - d. 1883) 15 Mar 1879 - 26 Nov 1881 Albert Grévy (acting) (b. 1834 - d. 1899) 26 Nov 1881 - 18 Apr 1891 Louis Tirman (b. 1837 - d. 1899) 18 Apr 1891 - 1 Oct 1897 Jules Cambon (b. 1845 - d. 1935) 1 Oct 1897 - 26 Jul 1898 Louis Lépine (b. 1846 - d. 1933) 26 Jul 1898 - 3 Oct 1900 Édouard Laferrières (b. 1813 - d. 1901) 3 Oct 1900 - 18 Jun 1901 Charles Jonnart (1st time) (b. 1857 - d. 1927) (acting) 18 Jun 1901 - 11 Apr 1903 Paul Révoil (b. 1856 - d. 1914) 11 Apr 1903 - 5 May 1903 Maurice Varnier (acting) (b. 1851 - d. 19...) 5 May 1903 - 22 May 1911 Charles Jonnart (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 22 May 1911 - 29 Jan 1918 Charles Lutaud (b. 1855 - d. 1921) 29 Jan 1918 - 29 Aug 1919 Charles Jonnart (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting) 29 Aug 1919 - 28 Jul 1921 Jean Baptiste Eugène Abel (b. 1863 - d. 1921) 28 Jul 1921 - 17 Apr 1925 Théodore Steeg (b. 1868 - d. 1950) 17 Apr 1925 - 12 May 1925 Henri Dubief (acting) 12 May 1925 - 20 Nov 1927 Maurice Viollette (b. 1870 - d. 1960) 20 Nov 1927 - 18 Dec 1930 Pierre Bordes (b. 1870 - d. 1943) 18 Dec 1930 - 21 Sep 1935 Jules Carde (b. 1874 - d. 1949) 21 Sep 1935 - 20 Jul 1940 Georges Le Beau (b. 1879 - d. 1962) 20 Jul 1940 - 16 Jul 1941 Jean Abrial (b. 1879 - d. 1962) 16 Jul 1941 - 20 Nov 1941 Maxime Weygand (b. 1867 - d. 1965) 20 Nov 1941 - 20 Jan 1943 Yves Chatel (b. 1885 - d. 1944) 20 Jan 1943 - 3 Jun 1943 Marcel Peyrouton (b. 1887 - d. 1983) 3 Jun 1943 - 8 Sep 1944 Georges Catroux (b. 1877 - d. 1969) 8 Sep 1944 - 11 Feb 1948 Yves Chataigneau (b. 1891 - d. 1961) 11 Feb 1948 - 9 Mar 1951 Marcel Edmond Naegelen (b. 1892 - d. 1978) 12 Apr 1951 - 26 Jan 1955 Roger Léonard (b. 1898 - d. 1987) 26 Jan 1955 - 1 Feb 1956 Jacques Soustelle (b. 1912 - d. 1990) [SIZE="4"]Resident ministers[/SIZE] 1 Feb 1956 - 9 Feb 1956 Georges Catroux (s.a.) 9 Feb 1956 - 13 May 1958 Robert Lacoste (b. 1898 - d. 1989) 13 May 1958 - 1 Jun 1958 André Mutter (b. 1901 - d. 1973) 13 May 1958 - 23 May 1958 Jacques Massu (b. 1908 - d. 2002) (president of the Committee of Public Safety, in rebellion) 23 May 1958 - 7 Jun 1958 Jacques Massu (s.a.) + Chérif Sid Cara (b. 1902 - d. 1999) (presidents of the Central Committee of Public Safety, in rebellion) [SIZE="4"]Delegates-general[/SIZE] 7 Jun 1958 - 12 Dec 1958 Raoul Salan (b. 1899 - d. 1984) 12 Dec 1958 - 23 Nov 1960 Paul Delouvrier (b. 1914 - d. 1995) 23 Nov 1960 - 19 Mar 1962 Jean Morin (b. 1916) 21 Apr 1961 - 25 Apr 1961 Directorate (in rebellion) - Maurice Challe (b. 1905 - d. 1979) - André Zeller (b. 1898 - d. 1979) - Edmond Jouhaud (b. 1905 - d. 1995) - Raoul Salan (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]High commissioner[/SIZE] 19 Mar 1962 - 3 Jul 1962 Christian Fouchet (b. 1911 - d. 1974) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Provisional Executive[/SIZE] 7 Apr 1962 - 25 Sep 1962 Abderrahmane Farès (b. 1911 - d. 1991) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the National Constituent Assembly[/SIZE] 25 Sep 1962 - 27 Sep 1962 Ferhat Abbas (b. 1899 - d. 1985) [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] 27 Sep 1962 - 19 Jun 1965 Ahmed Ben Bella (b. 1918) (head of state as prime minister to 20 Sep 1963) 19 Jun 1965 - 27 Dec 1978 Houari Boumedienne (b. 1932? - d. 1978) (chairman Revolutionary Council to 11 Dec 1976) 27 Dec 1978 - 9 Feb 1979 Rabah Bitat (interim) (b. 1925 - d. 2000) 9 Feb 1979 - 11 Jan 1992 Chadli Bendjedid (b. 1929) 11 Jan 1992 - 14 Jan 1992 Abdelmalek Benhabyles (b. 1921) (chairman Constitutional Council) 14 Jan 1992 - 31 Jan 1994 High State Committee - Khaled Nezzar (b. 1937) - Ali Haroun (b. 1927) - Tedjini Haddam (b. 1921 - d. 2000) - Ali Kafi (b. 1928) (chairman from 2 Jul 1992) - Mohamed Boudiaf (b. 1919 - d. 1992) (16 Jan - 29 Jun 1992) (chairman) - Redha Malek (b. 1931) (from 2 Jul 1992) 31 Jan 1994 - 27 Apr 1999 Liamine Zéroual (b. 1941) (Head of State to 27 Nov 1995) 27 Apr 1999 - Abdelaziz Bouteflika (b. 1937) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Presidents of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic[/SIZE] (in Tunis exile to 3 Jul 1962) 19 Sep 1958 - 27 Aug 1961 Ferhat Abbas (s.a.) 27 Aug 1961 - 27 Sep 1962 Benyoucef Ben Khedda (b. 1920 - d. 2003) [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] 27 Sep 1962 - 20 Sep 1963 Ahmed Ben Bella (s.a.) 8 Mar 1979 -22 Jan 1984 Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani(b. 1927 - d. 1996) 22 Jan 1984 - 5 Nov 1988 Abdelhamid Brahimi (b. 1936) 5 Nov 1988 - 9 Sep 1989 Kasdi Merbah (b. 1938 - d. 1993) 9 Sep 1989 - 5 Jun 1991 Mouloud Hamrouche (b. 1943) 5 Jun 1991 - 8 Jul 1992 Sid Ahmed Ghozali (b. 1937) 8 Jul 1992 - 21 Aug 1993 Belaid Abdessalam (b. 1928) 21 Aug 1993 - 11 Apr 1994 Redha Malek (s.a.) 11 Apr 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Mokdad Sifi (b. 1940) 31 Dec 1995 - 15 Dec 1998 Ahmed Ouyahia (1st time) (b. 1952) 15 Dec 1998 - 23 Dec 1999 Smail Hamdani (b. 1930) 23 Dec 1999 - 27 Aug 2000 Ahmed Benbitour (b. 1946) 27 Aug 2000 - 5 May 2003 Ali Benflis (b. 1944) 5 May 2003 - 24 May 2006 Ahmed Ouyahia (2nd time) (s.a.) 24 May 2006 - 23 Jun 2008 Abdelaziz Belkhadem (b. 1945) 23 Jun 2008 - Ahmed Ouyahia (3rd time) (s.a.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Kel Ahaggar[/SIZE] c.1750 Kel Ahaggar Tuareg confederation established 1903 under French suzerainty 1962 confederation not recognized by independent Algeria 1975 confederation terminated [SIZE="4"]Rulers (title Amenokal)[/SIZE]- Kel Rela "tobol" - 17.. - 17.. Salah 17.. - 17.. Muhammad al-Khir ag Salah 17.. - 17.. Sidi ag Muhammad al-Khir 17.. - 1790 Yunus ag Sidi 1790 - 1830 Ag Mama ag Sidi 1830 - 1877 al-Hajj Ahmad 1877 - 1900 Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra 1900 - 1905 Attici ag Amellal 1905 - 27 Dec 1920 Musa ag Amastan (b. 1867 - d. 1920) 1920 - 26 Mar 1941 Akhamuk ag Ihemma (b. 1874 - d. 1941) 1941 - 1950 Meslar ag Amayas (b. ... - d. 1950) 1950 - 1975 Bayy ag Akhamuk (b. ... - d. 1975) |
American Samoa
[SIZE="5"]American Samoa[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.crwflags.com/art/states/as.jpg[/IMG] 17 Apr 1900 Tutuila ceded to United States 16 Jul 1904 Manu'a ceded to United States 2 Apr 1909 the Tui Manu'a lineage becomes extinct 17 Jul 1911 U.S. Naval Station Tutuila renamed American Samoa 20 Feb 1929 U.S. Congress formally accepts the cession of Tutuila and Manu'a by their chiefs, with retroactive effect to 16 Jul 1904 [SIZE="4"]Kings/Queens (title Tui Manu'a)[/SIZE]- [SIZE="3"] Moa'atoa dynasty -[/SIZE] c.1828 Taalolomana Fanaese c.1836 Tauveve c.1888 Tauilima Alalamua 1 Jul 1891 - 29 Oct 1895 Matelita (f) (b. 1872? - d. 1895) 1899 - 2 Apr 1909 Elisara (b. 18... - d. 1909) [SIZE="4"]Commandants[/SIZE] 17 Feb 1900 - 27 Nov 1901 Benjamin Franklin Tilley (b. 1848 - d. 1907) 27 Nov 1901 - 16 Dec 1902 Uriel Sebree (b. 1848 - d. 1922) 16 Dec 1902 - 5 May 1903 Henry Minett (acting) (b. 1857 - d. 1952) 5 May 1903 - 30 Jan 1905 Edmund Beardsley Underwood (b. 1853 - d. 1928) [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] 30 Jan 1905 - 21 May 1908 Charles Brainard Taylor Moore (b. 1853 - d. 1923) 21 May 1908 - 10 Nov 1910 John Frederick Parker (b. 18... - d. 1911) 10 Nov 1910 - 14 Mar 1913 William Michael Crose (b. 1867 - d. 1929) 14 Mar 1913 - 14 Jul 1913 Nathan Woodworth Post (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1938) (acting) 14 Jul 1913 - 2 Oct 1914 Clark Daniel Stearns (b. 1870 - d. af.1941) 2 Oct 1914 - 6 Dec 1914 Nathan Woodworth Post (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 6 Dec 1914 - 1 Mar 1915 Charles Armijo Woodruff (acting) (b. 1884 - d. 1945) 1 Mar 1915 - 10 Jun 1919 John Martin Poyer (b. 1861 - d. 1922) 10 Jun 1919 - 3 Nov 1920 Warren Jay Terhune (b. 1869 - d. 1920) 11 Nov 1920 - 1 Mar 1922 Waldo A. Evans (b. 1869 - d. 1936) 1 Mar 1922 - 4 Sep 1923 Edwin Taylor Pollock (b. 1870 - d. 1943) 4 Sep 1923 - 17 Mar 1925 Edward Stanley Kellogg (b. 1870 - d. 1948) 17 Mar 1925 - 9 Sep 1927 Henry Francis Bryan (b. 1865 - d. 1944) 9 Sep 1927 - 2 Aug 1929 Stephen Victor Graham (b. 1874 - d. 19...) 2 Aug 1929 - 24 Mar 1931 Gatewood Sanders Lincoln (1st time) (b. 1875 - d. 1957) 24 Mar 1931 - 22 Apr 1931 James Sutherland Spore (acting) (b. 1885 - d. 1937) 22 Apr 1931 - 17 Jul 1931 Arthur Tenney Emerson (acting) 17 Jul 1931 - 12 May 1932 Gatewood Sanders Lincoln (2nd time) (s.a.) 12 May 1932 - 10 Apr 1934 George Bertram Landenberger (b. 1879 - d. 1936) 10 Apr 1934 - 17 Apr 1934 Thomas Calloway Latimore (acting) (b. 1890 - d. 1942) 17 Apr 1934 - 15 Jan 1936 Otto Carl Dowling (b. 1887 - d. 1946) 15 Jan 1936 - 20 Jan 1936 Thomas Benjamin Fitzpatrick (b. 1896 - d. 1974) (acting) 20 Jan 1936 - 3 Jun 1938 MacGillivray Milne (b. 1882 - d. 1959) 26 Jun 1938 - 30 Jul 1940 Edward William Hanson (b. 1889 - d. 19...) 30 Jul 1940 - 8 Aug 1940 Jesse Rink Wallace (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1961) 8 Aug 1940 - 5 Jun 1942 Laurence Wild (b. 1890 - d. 1971) 17 Jan 1942 - 25 Apr 1942 Henry L. Larsen (b. 1890 - d. 1962) (military governor) 5 Jun 1942 - 8 Feb 1944 John Gould Moyer (b. 1893 - d. 1976) 8 Feb 1944 - 27 Jan 1945 Allen Hobbs (b. 1899 - d. 1960) 27 Jan 1945 - 3 Sep 1945 Ralph Waldo Hungerford (b. 1896 - d. 1977) 3 Sep 1945 - 10 Sep 1945 Samuel Wakefield Canan (acting) (b. 1898 - d. af.1964) 10 Sep 1945 - 22 Apr 1947 Harold Alexander Houser (b. 1897 - d. 1981) 22 Apr 1947 - 15 Jun 1949 Vernon Huber (b. 1899 - d. 1967) 7 Jul 1949 - 23 Feb 1951 Thomas Francis Darden, Jr. (b. 1900 - d. 1961) 23 Feb 1951 - 20 Jun 1952 Phelps Phelps (b. 1897 - d. 1981) 16 Jul 1952 - 23 Nov 1952 John C. Elliott (b. 1919 - d. 2001) 28 Nov 1952 - 4 Mar 1953 James Arthur Ewing 4 Mar 1953 - 5 Aug 1953 Lawrence M. Judd (b. 1887 - d. 1968) 1 Oct 1953 - 15 Oct 1956 Richard Barrett Lowe (b. 1902 - d. 1972) 15 Oct 1956 - 24 May 1961 Peter Tali Coleman (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 1997) 24 May 1961 - 31 Jul 1967 Hyrum Rex Lee (1st time) (b. 1910 - d. 2001) 1 Aug 1967 - 31 Jul 1969 Owen Stuart Aspinall (b. 1927) 1 Aug 1969 - 14 Oct 1974 John Morse Haydon (b. 1920) 15 Oct 1974 - 6 Feb 1975 Frank C. Mockler (acting) 6 Feb 1975 - 30 Sep 1976 Earl B. Ruth (b. 1916 - d. 1989) 1 Oct 1976 - 27 May 1977 Frank Barnett 28 May 1977 - 3 Jan 1978 Hyrum Rex Lee (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jan 1978 - 3 Jan 1985 Peter Tali Coleman (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jan 1985 - 2 Jan 1989 A.P. Lutali (1st time) (b. 1919 - d. 2002) 2 Jan 1989 - 3 Jan 1993 Peter Tali Coleman (3rd time) (s.a.) 3 Jan 1993 - 3 Jan 1997 A.P. Lutali (2nd time) (s.a.) 3 Jan 1997 - 26 Mar 2003 Tauese P. Sunia (b. 1941 - d. 2003) 26 Mar 2003 - Togiola Tulafono (b. 1947) (acting to 7 Apr 2003) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Swains Island[/SIZE] 13 Oct 1856 settlement founded by an American 4 Mar 1925 annexed to American Samoa [SIZE="4"]Leaders[/SIZE] 13 Oct 1856 - 4 Dec 1878 Eli Hutchinson Jennings (b. 1814 - d. 1878) 4 Dec 1878 - 25 Oct 1891 Malia Jennings (f) (b. ... - d. 1891) 25 Oct 1891 - 24 Oct 1920 Eli Hutchinson Jennings, Jr. (b. 1863 - d. 1920) 24 Oct 1920 - Aug 1921 Ann Eliza Jennings (f) (b. 1897 - d. 1921) + Alexander Jennings Aug 1921 - 4 Mar 1925 Alexander Jennings |
Andorra
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Blue"]An[/COLOR][COLOR="Yellow"]dor[/COLOR][COLOR="Red"]ra[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/flags/large/an-lgflag.gif[/IMG] 8 Sep 1278 sovereignty shared between the count of Foix (France) and the bishop of Urgel (Spain) 1589 the county of Foix becomes part of the crown lands; the corresponding title of Andorran coprince is since held by the French head of state 1793 - 27 Mar 1806 France renounces position of coprince 26 Jan 1812 -1 Dec 1813 annexed by France (part of Sègre[from 7 Mar 1813, Sègre-Ter] département) [SIZE="4"]Coprinces (French heads of state)[/SIZE] 1589 - 1793 French Man 27 Mar 1806 - French Man [SIZE="4"]Coprinces (bishops of Urgel)[/SIZE] 4 Jul 1695 - 17 Jan 1714 Julià Cano i Thebar (b. 1646 - d. 1719) 17 Sep 1714 - 27 Aug 1737 Simeó de Guinda y Apéztegui (b. 1669 - d. 1737) 5 May 1738 - 12 May 1747 Jordi Curado y Torreblanca (b. 1682 - d. 1749) 15 May 1747 - 2 Oct 1756 Sebastià Josep de Victoria de Emparán y de Loyola (b. 1683 - d. 1756) 6 May 1757 - 8 Sep 1762 Francesc Josep Catalán de Ocón (b. 1701 - d. 1762) 10 May 1763 - 22 Apr 1771 Francesc Fernández de Xátiva y Contreras (b. 1704 - d. 1771) 7 Jan 1772 - 15 May 1779 Joaquín de Santiyán y Valdivielso (b. 1733 - d. 1783) 27 Nov 1780 - 23 May 1783 Joan de García y Montenegro (b. 1716 - d. 1783) 31 Mar 1785 - 8 Dec 1795 Josep de Boltas (b. 1738 - d. 1795) 29 Oct 1797 - 23 Sep 1816 Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros (b. 1753 - d. 1821) 28 Jul 1817 - 27 Sep 1824 Bernat Francés y Caballero (b. 1774 - d. 1843) 20 Dec 1824 - 22 May 1827 Isidor Bonifaci López y Pulido (b. 1774 - d. 1827) 4 Nov 1828 - 22 Aug 1851 Simó Rojas de Guardiola i Hortoneda (b. 1773 - d. 1851) 10 Mar 1853 - 26 Aug 1879 Josep Caixal i Estradé (b. 1803 - d. 1879) 26 Aug 1879 - 24 Sep 1901 Salvador Casañas i Pagès (b. 1834 - d. 1908) (acting to 22 Sep 1879 and from 27 Jul 1901) 24 Sep 1901 - 27 Dec 1901 Ramon Riu i Cabanes (b. 1853 - d. 1901) 2 Jan 1902 - 10 Sep 1902 Toribio Martín (acting) (b. 1874 - d. 19...) 10 Sep 1902 - 6 Dec 1906 Joan Josep Laguarda i Fenollera(b. 1866 - d. 1913) 30 Apr 1907 - 11 Jul 1907 Josep Pujargimzú (acting) 11 Jul 1907 - 7 Jan 1919 Joan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó (b. 1864 - d. 1926) 2 Jul 1919 - 1 Jun 1920 Jaume Viladrich i Gaspa (acting) (b. 1865 - d. 1926) 1 Jun 1920 - 31 Jan 1940 Justí Guitart i Vilardebò (b. 1875 - d. 1940) 2 Feb 1940 - 15 Apr 1943 Ricard Fornesa i Puigdemasa (acting) 15 Apr 1943 - 19 Jun 1969 Ramon Iglésias Navarri (b. 1889 - d. 1972) 19 Jun 1969 - 31 Jan 1971 Ramon Malla Call (acting) (b. 1922) 31 Jan 1971 - 12 May 2003 Joan Martí Alanís (b. 1928) 12 May 2003 - Joan Enric Vives Sicília (b. 1949) [SIZE="4"]Personal representatives of the French coprince[/SIZE] Sep 1993 - Feb 1997 Jean-Yves Caullet (b. 1957) Feb 1997 - May 1999 Pierre de Bousquet de Florian (b. 1954) May 1999 - Jul 2002 Frédéric de Saint-Sernin (b. 1958) Jul 2002 - Jun 2007 Philippe Massoni (b. 1936) Jun 2007 - Sep 2008 Emmanuelle Mignon (f) (b. 1968) Sep 2008 - Christian Frémont (b. 1942) [SIZE="4"]Personal representative of the episcopal coprince[/SIZE] 1993 - Nemesi Marquès Oste (b. 1935) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]First syndics (from 4 May 1993, general syndics)[/SIZE] 1841 - 1847 Josep Picart 1847 - 1858 Bonaventura Riba (acting) 1858 - 1861 Gil Areny 1861 - 1865 Francesc Duran (1st time) 1865 - 1866 Joaquim de Riba 1866 - 1868 Guillem Areny de Plandolit 1868 - 1875 Nicolau Duedra 1875 - 1878 Guillem Mora 1878 - 1880 Bonaventura Moles 1880 - 1881 Joan Pla Calvo 1881 Josep Palmitjavila (1st time) 1881 - 1883 Francesc Duran (2nd time) 1884 - 1885 Josep Palmitjavila (2nd time) 1886 Francesc Duran (3rd time) 1886 - 1888 Francesc Maestre 1888 - 1897 Antoni Moles (jointly with following) 1893 - 1898 Bonaventura Maestre (1st time) 1899 - 1901 Josep Calva 1902 - 1905 Bonaventura Maestre (2nd time) 1906 - 1911 Pere Moles 1911 - 1912 Bonaventura Maestre (3rd time) 1912 - 1915 Bonaventura Moles 1915 - 1917 Pere Font (1st time) 1918 - 1920 Josep Vilanova 1920 Josep Grepa (acting) 1920 - 1923 Bonaventura Villarubia 1924 - 1927 Pere Font (2nd time) 1928 - 19 Aug 1933 Roc Pallares Sep 1933 - 1936 Pere Torres 1936 - 1937 Francesc Molné 1937 - 31 Dec 1960 Francesc Cairat Freixes (b. 1880? - d. 19...) 31 Dec 1960 - Dec 1966 Julià Reig-Ribó (1st time) (b. 1911 - d. 1996) Dec 1966 - Dec 1972 Francesc Escudé Ferrero (b. ... - d. 1996) Dec 1972 - 29 Dec 1978 Julià Reig-Ribó (2nd time) (s.a.) 29 Dec 1978 - 4 Jan 1982 Estanislau Sangrà Font (b. 1946) 4 Jan 1982 - 12 Jan 1990 Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet (b. 1942) 12 Jan 1990 - 15 Feb 1991 Josep Maria Beal Benedico 15 Feb 1991 - 12 Apr 1992 Albert Gelabert 12 Apr 1992 - 19 Jan 1994 Jordi Farràs Forné 19 Jan 1994 - 10 Mar 1997 Josep Dallerès Codina (1st time) (b. 1949) 10 Mar 1997 - 17 May 2005 Francesc Areny Casal (b. 1959) 17 May 2005 - 19 May 2009 Joan Gabriel Estany (b. 1963) 19 May 2009 - Josep Dallerès Codina (2nd time) (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Heads of government[/SIZE] 8 Jan 1982 - 21 May 1984 Òscar Ribas Reig (1st time) (b. 1936) 21 May 1984 - 12 Jan 1990 Josep Pintat-Solans (b. 1925 - d. 2007) 12 Jan 1990 - 7 Dec 1994 Òscar Ribas Reig (2nd time) (s.a.) 7 Dec 1994 - 27 May 2005 Marc Forné Molné (b. 1946) 27 May 2005 - 5 Jun 2009 Albert Pintat Santolària (b. 1943) 5 Jun 2009 - Jaume Bartumeu Cassany (b. 1954) |
Angola
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Red"]An[/COLOR]gola[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.aflagworld.com/store/images/FLAG_Angola.gif[/IMG] [B]1 Feb 1575 [/B] Portuguese colony [B]11 Jun 1951 [/B] Portuguese overseas province [B]11 Nov 1975 [/B] independence (People's Republic of Angola) [B]27 Aug 1992[/B] Republic of Angola [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]1698 - 1701[/B] Luís César de Meneses ([B]b. 1653 - d. 1720)[/B] [B]1701 - 1702 [/B] Bernardino de Tavora de Sousa Tavares [B](b. 16... - d. 1702)[/B] [B]1705 - 1709[/B] Lourenço de Almada [B] (b. c.1650 - d. 1729)[/B] [B]1709 - 1713[/B] António de Saldanha de Albuquerque Castro e Ribafria [B]1713 - 1717[/B] João Manuel de Noronha [B]1717 - 1722[/B] Henrique de Figueiredo e Alarcão [B] 1722 - 1725 [/B] António de Albuquerque Coelho de Carvalho [B]1725 - 1726[/B] José Carvalho da Costa (acting) [B]1726 - 1732[/B] Paulo Caetano de Albuquerque ([B]b. ... - d. 1732)[/B] [B]1732 - 1738 [/B] Rodrigo César de Meneses [B]1738 - 1748[/B] Joaquim Jacques de Magalhães ([B]b. ... - d. 1748)[/B] [B]1748 - 1749[/B] Fonseca Coutinho (acting) [B]1749 - 1753 [/B]António de Almeida Soares e Portugal, conde do Lavradio [B](b. 1699 - d. 1761)[/B] [B]1753 - 1758 [/B]António Alvares da Cunha [B]1758 - 1764 [/B]António de Vasconcelos [B]1764 - 1772 [/B]Francisco Inocéncio de Sousa Coutinho [B]1772 - 1779 [/B]António de Lencastre ([B]b. 1721 - d. ...)[/B] [B]1779 - 1782 [/B]José Gonçalo da Gama [B]1784 - 1790 [/B]José de Almeida e Vasconcelos, barão de Moçâmedes [B](b. 1737 - d. 18...)[/B] [B]1790 - 1797 [/B]Manuel de Almeida e Vasconcelos, visconde da Lapa [B]1797 - 1802 [/B]Miguel António de Melo [B]1802 - 1806 [/B]Fernão António de Noronha [B]1807 - 1810 [/B] António de Saldanha da Gama [B](b. 1778 - d. 1839)[/B] [B]1810 - 1815 [/B]José de Oliveira Barbosa [B]1816 - 1819 [/B]Luís da Motta Fêo e Torres [B](b. 1769 - d. 1823)[/B] [B]1819 - 1821 [/B]Manoel Vieira Tovar de Albuquerque [B]1821 - 1822 [/B]Joaquim Inácio de Lima [B]1822 - 1823 [/B]Junta [B]1823[/B] Cristóvão Avelino Dias [B]1823 - 1829 [/B] Nicolau de Abreu Castelo-Branco [B](b. 1781 - d. 18...)[/B] [B]1829 - 1834 [/B]José Maria de Sousa Macedo Almeida e Vasconcelos, barão de Santa Comba Dão [B](b. 1787 - d. 1872)[/B] [B]1834 - 1836 [/B]Junta [B] 1836 [/B] Domingos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun [B](b. 1800 - d. 1836)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors-general[/SIZE] [B]1837 - 1839 [/B]Bernardo Vidal [B]1839[/B] António Manuel de Noronha ([B]b. 1772 - d. 18...)[/B] [B]1839 - 1842 [/B]Manuel Eleutério Malheiro (acting) [B]1842 - 1843 [/B]José Xavier Bressane Leite ([B]b. 1780 - d. 1843)[/B] [B]1843 - 1845 [/B]Lourenço Germack Possolo ([B]b. 1779 - d. 18...)[/B] [B]1845 - 1848[/B] Pedro Alexandrino da Cunha ([B]b. 1801 - d. 1850)[/B] [B]1848 - 1851 [/B]Adrião de Silveiro Pinto [B]1851 - 1853 [/B]António Sérgio de Sousa [B](b. 1809 - d. 1878)[/B] [B]1853 [/B] António Ricardo Graça [B]1853 - 1854 [/B]Miguel Ximenes Rodrigues Sandoval de Castro e Viegas, visconde de Pinheiro [B](b. 1806 - d. 1884)[/B] [B]1854 - 1860 [/B]José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral (1st time) [B](b. 1808 - d. 1873)[/B] [B]1860 - 1861 [/B]Carlos Augusto Franco [B]1861 - 1862 [/B]Sebastião Lopes de Calheiros e Meneses [B](b. 1816 - d. 1899)[/B] [B]1862 - 1865[/B] José Baptista de Andrade (1st time) [B](b. 1819 - d. 1902)[/B] [B]1865 - 1868 [/B]Francisco António Gonçalves Cardoso [B](b. 1800 - d. 1875)[/B] [B]1868 - 1870 [/B]José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1870 - 1873 [/B]José Maria da Ponte e Horta [B]1873 - 1876 [/B]José Baptista de Andrade (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1876 - 1878 [/B]Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque [B](b. 1824 - d. 1916)[/B] [B]1878 - 1880 [/B]Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses [B](b. 1824 - d. 1905)[/B] [B]1880 - 1882 [/B]António Eleutério Dantas [B]1882 - 1886 [/B]Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral [B](b. 1844 - d. 1923)[/B] [B]1886 - 1892 [/B]Gilherme Auguste de Brito Capelo (1st time) [B]25 Aug 1892 - Sep 1893 [/B]Jaime Lôbo de Brito Godins (acting) [B]1893 - 1896 [/B]Álvaro Ferreira [B]1896 - 1897 [/B]Gilherme Auguste de Brito Capelo (2nd time) [B]1897 - 1900 [/B]António Duarte Ramada Curto (1st time) [B](b. 1849 - d. 19...)[/B] [B]1900 - 1903 [/B]Francisco Xavier Cabral de Oliveira Moncada [B]1903 - 1904 [/B]Eduardo Augusto Ferreira da Costa (1st time) [B](b. 1865 - d. 1907)[/B] [B]1904 [/B] Custódio Miguel de Borja [B](b. 1849 - d. 19...)[/B] [B]1904 - 1905[/B] António Duarte Ramada Curto (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) [B]1905 - 1906 [/B]Caminho de Ferro de Mossámedes [B]1906 - 1907 [/B]Eduardo Augusto Ferreira da Costa (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]Jun 1907 - Jun 1909 [/B]Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro [B](b. 1861 - d. 1944)[/B] [B] 1909[/B] Álvaro António da Costa Ferreira [B](b. 1853 - d. 1933)[/B] (acting) [B]1909 - 1910 [/B]José Augusto Alves Roçadas ([B]b. 1865 - d. 1926)[/B] [B]1910 - 1911 [/B]Caetano Francisco Cláudio Eugénio Gonçalves (acting) [B]1911 - 1912[/B] Manuel Maria Coelho [B](b. 1857 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]1912 - 1915[/B] José Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos [B](b. 1867 - d. 1955)[/B] [B]1915 - 1916 [/B]António Júlio da Costa Pereira de Eça [B]1916 - 1917 [/B]Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim [B](b. 1862 - d. 1929)[/B] [B]1917 - 1918 [/B]Jaime Alberto de Castro Morais ([B]b. 1882 - d. 1973)[/B] [B]1918 - 1919 [/B]Filomeno da Câmara Melo Cabral [B](b. 1873 - d. 1934)[/B] [B]1919 - 1920 [/B]Mimoso Guera (acting) [B]1920 - 1921 [/B]Francisco Coelho do Amaral Reis, visconde de Pedralva [B](b. 1873 - d. 1938)[/B] [SIZE="4"]High commissioners and governors-general[/SIZE] [B]1921 - 1924 [/B]José Mendes Ribeiro Norton de Matos (s.a.) [B]1924 [/B] João Augusto Crispiniano Soares [B]1924 - 1926 [/B]Francisco Cunha Rêgo Cháves [B]1926 - 1928 [/B]António Vicente Ferreira [B]1928 - 1929 [/B]António Damas Mora (acting) [B]1929 - 1931 [/B]Filomeno da Câmara [B] 1931 - 1933 [/B]José Dionisio Carneiro de Sousa e Faro [B]1933 - 1935 [/B]Eduardo Ferreira Viana [B]1936 - 1940 [/B]António Lopes Matheus [B] 1940 - 1942 [/B]Manoel da Cunha e Costa Marques Mano [B] 1942 - 1943 [/B]Álvaro de Freitas Morna [B]1943 - 1947 [/B]Vasco Lopes Alves [B](b. 1898)[/B] [B]1948 - 1955 [/B]José Agapito de Silva Carvalho [B] 1955 - 1956 [/B]Manoel de Gusmão Mascarenhas Gaivão [B](b. 1901)[/B] [B]1957 - Jan [/B]1960 Horacio José de Sá Viana Rebelo (b. 1910 - d. 1995) [B]15 Jan 1960 - Jun 1961 [/B]Álvaro Rodrigues da Silva Tavares [B](b. 1915)[/B] [B]23 Jun 1961 - 26 Sep 1962 [/B]Venâncio Augusto Deslandes [B](b. 1909 - d. 1985)[/B] [B]Sep 1962 - 1966[/B] Silvino Silvério Marques (1st time) [B](b. 1918)[/B] [B]27 Oct 1966 - 1972 [/B]Camilo Augusto de Miranda Rebocho Vaz [B](b. 1920)[/B] [B]Oct 1972 - May 1974 [/B]Fernando Augusto Santos e Castro [B](b. 1922 - d. 1983)[/B] [B]May 1974 - 15 Jun 1974 [/B]Joaquim Franco Pinheiro (acting) [B]15 Jun 1974 - 24 Jul 1974 [/B]Silvino Silvério Marques (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]24 Jul 1974 - 28 Jan 1975[/B] António Alva Rosa Coutinho [B](b. 1926)[/B] (acting to 29 Nov 1974) [B]28 Jan 1975 - 2 Aug 1975 [/B]António Silva Cardoso [B](b. 1928)[/B] [B]2 Aug 1975 - 26 Aug 1975 [/B]Ernesto Ferreira de Macedo (acting) [B]26 Aug 1975 - 10 Nov 1975 [/B]Leonel Cardoso [B](b. 1919 - d. 1988)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]11 Nov 1975 - 10 Sep 1979 [/B]Agostinho Neto [B](b. 1922 - d. 1979)[/B] [B]10 Sep 1979 -[/B] José Eduardo dos Santos [B](b. 1942)[/B] (acting to 21 Sep 1979) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]11 Nov 1975 - 9 Dec 1978[/B] Lopo do Nascimento [B](b. 1942)[/B] [B]19 Jul 1991 - 2 Dec 1992 [/B] Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem (1st time) [B](b. 1934)[/B] [B] 2 Dec 1992 - 3 Jun 1996[/B] Marcolino Moco [B](b. 1953)[/B] [B] 3 Jun 1996 - 29 Jan 1999 [/B] Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]6 Dec 2002 - 30 Sep 2008 [/B]Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos [B](b. 1952)[/B] [B]30 Sep 2008 - [/B] Paulo Kassoma [B] (b. 1951)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Democratic People's Republic of Angola (counter-government, at Huambo) Presidents of the Joint National Council for the Revolution[/SIZE] [B]11 Nov 1975 - Feb 1976 [/B]Holden Roberto [B](b. 1923 - d. 2007)[/B] + Jonas Savimbi [B](b. 1934 - d. 2002)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]23 Nov 1975 - Feb 1976 [/B]José Ndele [B](b. 1940)[/B] + Johnny Eduardo Pinnock [B](b. 1942 - d. 2000)[/B] |
Anguilla
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Navy"]Anguilla[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.le-caribbean-islands.com/images/anguillaaflag.gif[/IMG] [B] 1882 [/B] part of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (see Saint Kitts and Nevis) [B]12 Jul 1967[/B] independence proclaimed (not recognized by U.K.) [B] 6 Feb 1969 [/B] Republic of Anguilla proclaimed [B]19 Dec 1980 [/B] Anguilla becomes a separate dependency de jure [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]12 Jul 1967 - 4 Aug 1967[/B] Peter Adams [B](b. ... - d. ...)[/B] [B]4 Aug 1967 - 1967 [/B] Ronald Webster [B](b. 1926)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chief Executive and Chairman of the Anguilla Council[/SIZE] [B]1967 - 1968 [/B]Ronald Webster (1st time) (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Commissioner[/SIZE] [B] 8 Jan 1968 - Jan 1969[/B] Anthony Lee (1st time) [B](b. 1923?)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chief Executive and Chairman of the Anguilla Council[/SIZE] [B]Jan 1969 - 19 Mar 1969 [/B] Ronald Webster (2nd time) (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Commissioners[/SIZE] [B]19 Mar 1969 - 20 Apr 1969[/B] Anthony Lee (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]20 Apr 1969 - 1969[/B] John Alfred Cumber [B](b. 1920 - d. 1991)[/B] [B]1969 - 1971[/B] Willoughby Harry Thompson [B](b. 1919)[/B] [B]1971 - 1974 [/B] Arthur Christopher Watson [B](b. 1927 - d. 2001)[/B] [B]1974 - 1978 [/B] David Le Breton [B](b. 1931)[/B] [B]1978 - Apr 1982[/B] Charles Harry Godden [B] (b. 1922)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]Apr 1982 - 1983 [/B] Charles Harry Godden (s.a.) [B] Nov 1983 - 1987[/B] Alastair Turner Baillie [B](b. 1932)[/B] [B] 1987 - 1989[/B] Geoffrey Owen Whittaker [B](b. 1932)[/B] [B] 1989 - 1992 [/B] Brian G.J. Canty [B](b. 1931)[/B] [B]14 Aug 1992 - 1995[/B] Alan W. Shave [B](b. 1936)[/B] [B] 3 Nov 1995 - Dec 1996[/B] Alan Hoole [B](b. 1942 - d. 2000)[/B] [B] Dec 1996 - 27 Jan 2000[/B] Robert Harris [B](b. 1941)[/B] (acting to 29 May 1997) [B]27 Jan 2000 - 4 Feb 2000[/B] Roger Cousins (acting) [B] 4 Feb 2000 - 29 Apr 2004[/B] Peter Johnstone [B](b. 1944)[/B] [B]29 Apr 2004 - 28 May 2004 [/B] Mark Capes (1st time) (acting) [B](b. 1954?)[/B] [B]28 May 2004 - 2 Jun 2006[/B] Alan Huckle [B](b. 1948)[/B] [B] 2 Jun 2006 - 10 Jul 2006[/B] Mark Capes (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) [B]10 Jul 2006 - 11 Mar 2009 [/B] Andrew George [B](b. 1952)[/B] [B]11 Mar 2009 - 21 Apr 2009[/B] Stanley Reid (acting) [B](b. 1968?)[/B] [B]21 Apr 2009 -[/B] Alistair Harrison [B](b. 1954)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Chief ministers[/SIZE] [B]10 Feb 1976 - 2 Feb 1977[/B] Ronald Webster (1st time) (s.a.) [B] 2 Feb 1977 - May 1980[/B] Emile Gumbs (1st time) [B](b. 1928)[/B] [B] May 1980 - 12 Mar 1984[/B] Ronald Webster (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]12 Mar 1984 - 18 Mar 1994[/B] Emile Gumbs (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]18 Mar 1994 - 6 Mar 2000[/B] Hubert Hughes [B](b. 1933)[/B] [B] 6 Mar 2000 - [/B] Osbourne Fleming [B](b. 1940)[/B] |
Antigua and Barbuda
[SIZE="5"]Antigua and Barbuda[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://alri.org/ltc/immigration/Groups/caribbean/ac-lgflag.gif[/IMG] [B]1632 [/B] British colony (Antigua) [B]1671 - 1816 [/B]part of Leeward Islands [B]1833 - 1 Jan 1960 [/B]part of Leeward Islands (Antigua, British Virgin Islands, Dominica [to 1940], Montserrat, Saint Christopher-Nevis- Anguilla) [B]3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962 [/B]part of the Federation of the West Indies (see under Trinidad and Tobago) [B]27 Feb 1967 [/B]associated state [B] 1 Nov 1981 [/B]independence as Antigua and Barbuda [SIZE="4"]Leeward Islands[/SIZE] [B] 1871 [/B]Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands [B] 1 Jul 1956 [/B] Territory of the Leeward Islands [B] 1 Jan 1960 [/B] dissolved [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]May 1699 - Feb 1704[/B] Christopher Codrington, Jr. [B](b. 1668 - d. 1710)[/B] [B]Feb 1704 - Jul 1704 [/B]John Johnson (1st time) (acting) [B](b. 16... - d. 1706)[/B] [B]Jul 1704 - 4 Dec 1704 [/B]Sir William Mathew [B](b. 16... - d. 1704)[/B] [B]Dec 1704 - Jul 1706[/B] John Johnson (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) [B]Jul 1706 - 7 Dec 1710 [/B]Daniel Parke [B](b. 1669 - d. 1710)[/B] [B]Dec 1710 - 1711 [/B]Walter Hamilton (1st time) (acting) [B]1711 - 1714 [/B]Walter Douglas [B]1714 - 1715 [/B]William Mathew, Jr. (1st time) [B](b. 16... - d. 1752)[/B] (acting) [B]1715 - 1721 [/B]Walter Hamilton (2nd time) [B]1721 - 1728 [/B]John Hart [B](b. ... - d. 1740)[/B] [B]Aug 1728 - 12 Sep 1729 [/B]Thomas Pitt, Earl of Londonderry [B](b. c.1668 - d. 1729)[/B] [B]1729 [/B] William Cosby (acting) [B](b. 1690 - d. 1736)[/B] [B]1729 - 1752 [/B]William Mathew, Jr. (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1753 - 1766 [/B]George Thomas [B](b. c.1695 - d. 1774)[/B] [B]1766 - 1768 [/B]James Vercild [B]1768 - 1771 [/B]William Woodley (1st time) [B](b. 1728 - d. 1793)[/B] [B]1771 - 1776 [/B]Sir Ralph Payne (1st time) [B](b. 1738 - d. 1807)[/B] [B]1776 - 1781 [/B]William Mathew Burt [B]1781 - 1788 [/B]Thomas Shirley (1st time) [B](b. 1727 - d. 1800)[/B] [B]1788 - 1790 [/B]John Nugent [B](b. 17... - d. 1814)[/B] [B]1790 - 1791 [/B]Thomas Shirley (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]13 Aug 1791 - 1793 [/B]William Woodley (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1795 - 1799 [/B]Charles Leigh [B]1799 - 1807 [/B]Ralph Payne, Baron Lavington (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1808 - 1814 [/B]Hugh Elliott [B](b. 1752 - d. 1830)[/B] [B]1814 - 16 Oct 1816 [/B]Sir James Leith [B](b. 1763 - d. 1816)[/B] [B] 1833 - 1871 [/B]the governors of Antigua [B]1871 - 1873 [/B]Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine [B](b. 1809 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]1873 - 1874 [/B]Sir Henry Turner Irving [B] (b. 1833 - d. 1923)[/B] [B]1874 - 1875 [/B]William Cleaver Francis Robinson [B](b. 1834 - d. 1897)[/B] [B]1875 - 1881 [/B]Sir George Berkeley [B](b. 1819 - d. 1905)[/B] [B]1881 [/B] H.J.B. Bufford-Hancock (acting) [B]1881 - 1884 [/B]Sir John Hawley Glover [B](b. 1829 - d. 1885)[/B] [B]1884 - 1885 [/B]Sir Charles Cameron Lees [B](b. 1837 - d. 1898)[/B] [B]1885 [/B] Charles Monroe Eldridge (acting) [B](b. ... - d. 1888)[/B] [B]1885 - 1888 [/B]Jenico William Joseph Preston, Viscount Gormanston [B](b. 1837 - d. 1907)[/B] [B]1888[/B] Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell [B](b. 1836 - d. 1899)[/B] (acting) [B] 1888 - 1895 [/B]Sir William Frederick Haynes Smith [B](b. 1839 - d. 1928)[/B] [B]1895 - 1901 [/B]Sir Francis Fleming [B](b. 1842 - d. 1922)[/B] [B]1901 - 1902 [/B]Sir Henry Moore Jackson [B](b. 1849 - d. 1908)[/B] [B]1902 - 1904 [/B]Sir Gerald Strickland [B](b. 1861 - d. 1940)[/B] [B]1904 - 1905 [/B]Sir Clement Courtenay Knollys ([B]b. 1849 - d. 1905)[/B] [B]1906 - 1912 [/B]Sir Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott [B](b. 1857 - d. 1941)[/B] [B]1912 - 1916 [/B]Sir Hesketh Bell [B](b. 1864 - d. 1952)[/B] [B]1916 - 1921[/B] Sir Edward Marsh Merewether [B](b. 1858 - d. 1938)[/B] [B] 1921 - 1929 [/B]Sir Eustace Edward Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes [B](b. 1864 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]1929 - 1936 [/B]Sir Thomas Reginald St. Johnston [B](b. 1881 - d. 1950)[/B] [B]1936 - 1941 [/B]Sir Gordon James Lethem [B](b. 1886 - d. 1962)[/B] [B]1941 - 1943 [/B]Sir Douglas James Jardine [B](b. 1888 - d. 1946)[/B] [B]1943 - 1947 [/B]Sir Leslie Brian Freeston [B](b. 1892 - d. 1958)[/B] [B]1947 - 1948 [/B]W.R. Macnie (acting) [B]1948 - 17 Sep 1950 [/B]Oliver Ridsdale Baldwin, Earl Baldwin of Bewdley [B](b. 1899 - d. 1958)[/B] [B]17 Sep 1950 - 18 Oct 1956 [/B]Kenneth Blackburne (from 1952, Sir Kenneth Blackburne) [B](b. 1907 - d. 1980)[/B] [B]18 Oct 1956 - 1 Jan 1960 [/B]Alexander Thomas Williams (from 1958, Sir Alexander Thomas Williams) [B](b. 1903 - d. 1984)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Antigua[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Deputy governors[/SIZE] [B]1698 - 1715 [/B] John Yeamans [B]1715 - 4 Dec 1741 [/B]Edward Byam [B](b. 1662 - d. 1741)[/B] [B]1742 - 1747 [/B]George Lucas [B]1747 - 1816 [/B]none [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]1816 - 1819 [/B]George William Ramsay [B](b. 1770 - d. 1838)[/B] [B]1819 - 1826 [/B]Sir Benjamin D'Urban [B](b. 1777 - d. 1849)[/B] [B]1826 - 1832[/B] Sir Patrick Ross [B]1832 - 1836 [/B]Evan John Murray MacGregor [B](b. 1785 - d. 1841)[/B] (acting to 1834) [B]1837 - 1842 [/B]Sir William MacBean George Colebrooke [B](b. 1787 - d. 1870)[/B] [B]1842 - 1846 [/B]Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy [B](b. 1796 - d. 1858)[/B] [B]1847 - 1850 [/B]James Macaulay Higginson [B](b. 1805 - d. 1885)[/B] [B]1850 - 1855 [/B]Robert James Mackintosh [B]1855 - 1863 [/B]Ker Baillie Hamilton [B] (b. 1804 - d. 1889)[/B] [B]1863 - 1868 [/B]Sir Stephen John Hill [B](b. 1809 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]1869 - 1871 [/B]Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine (s.a.) Administrators [B]1936 [/B] Hubert Eugène Bader [B](b. 1902 - d. 1936)[/B] [B]1936 - 1941 [/B]James Dundas Harford [B](b. 1899 - d. 1993)[/B] [B]1941 - 1944 [/B]Herbert Boon [B]1944 - 1946 [/B]F.S. Harcourt [B]1946 - 1947 [/B]Leslie Stuart Greening [B](b. 1895 - d. ...)[/B] [B]1947 - 1954[/B] Richard St. John Ormerod Wayne [B](b. 1904 - d. 1959)[/B] [B]1954 - 1958 [/B]Alec Lovelace [B](b. 1907 - d. 1981)[/B] [B] 3 Oct 1958 - 1964 [/B]Ian Turbott [B](b. 1922)[/B] [B] 6 Mar 1964 - 1966 [/B]David James Gardiner Rose [B](b. 1923 - d. 1969)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governor[/SIZE] [B]27 Feb 1967 - 1 Nov 1981 [/B] Wilfred E. Jacobs (from 19 Jul 1967, Sir Wilfred E. Jacobs) [B](b. 1919 - d. 1995)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Chief minister[/SIZE] [B] 1 Jan 1960 - 27 Feb 1967 [/B]Vere Cornwall Bird [B](b. 1910 - d. 1999)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Premiers[/SIZE] [B]27 Feb 1967 - 14 Feb 1971 [/B]Vere Cornwall Bird (1st time) (s.a.) [B]14 Feb 1971 - Feb 1976[/B] George Walter [B](b. 1928 - d. 2008)[/B] [B]Feb 1976 - 1 Nov 1981[/B] Vere Cornwall Bird (2nd time) (s.a.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="5"]Antigua and Barbuda[/SIZE] [SIZE="4"]Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)[/SIZE] [B]1 Nov 1981 - 10 Jun 1993[/B] Sir Wilfred E. Jacobs (s.a.) [B]10 Jun 1993 - 17 Jul 2007 [/B] James Carlisle (from 9 Nov 1993, Sir James Carlisle) [B](b. 1937)[/B] [B]17 Jul 2007 - [/B] Louise Lake-Tack (from 17 Oct [B]2007[/B], Dame Louise Lake-Tack) (f) [B](b. 1944)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime Ministers[/SIZE] [B]1 Nov 1981 - 9 Mar 1994 [/B]Vere Cornwall Bird (s.a.) [B]9 Mar 1994 - 24 Mar 2004 [/B]Lester Bird [B] (b. 1938)[/B] [B]24 Mar 2004 - [/B] Baldwin Spencer [B](b. 1948)[/B] |
Argentina
[SIZE="5"]Argentina[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/countrys/zzzflags/arlarge.gif[/IMG] [COLOR="Red"]Note:[/COLOR] There was no universally accepted national government from [B]16 Feb 1820 [/B]until roughly [B]1852. [/B]Therefore, the governments of each province during that period are listed separately. Most of the time there was civil war, and the "national" authorities were acknowledged by only a partial (and varying) set of provinces. There was also a gap in national government between [B]1861[/B] and [B]1862[/B], for which the governments of the provinces are also listed. The Province of Buenos Aires was actually in secession between [B]1852 [/B]and [B]1862[/B]. [B]1 Aug 1776 [/B] (Spanish) Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (modern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay) separated from Viceroyalty of Peru [B]25 May 1810[/B] first autonomous government, claiming initially to rule on behalf of deposed King Fernando VII of Spain [B] 9 Jul 1816[/B] independence proclaimed (United Provinces in South America) [B]16 Feb 1820[/B] collapse of the national government [B]23 Jan 1825 [/B] United Provinces of the Río de la Plata [B] 4 Jan 1831[/B] Argentine Confederation [B] 1 Oct 1860[/B] Argentine Nation (also styled Argentine Republic) [B]12 Dec 1861 [/B] collapse of the national government [B]12 Apr 1862[/B] national government restored [SIZE="4"]Viceroys[/SIZE] [B]Oct 1777 - 12 Jun 1778 [/B]Pedro Antonio de Ceballos Cortés y Calderón [B](b. 1715 - d. 1778)[/B] [B]12 Jun 1778 - 7 Mar 1784 [/B]Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo [B](b. 1719 - d. 1799)[/B] [B] 7 Mar 1784 - 4 Dec 1789[/B] Nicolás Francisco Cristóbal del Campo, marqués de Loreto [B] 4 Dec 1789 - 16 Mar 1795 [/B] Nicolás Antonio de Arredondo [B](b. 1740 - d. 1802)[/B] [B]16 Mar 1795 - 15 Apr 1797[/B] Pedro de Melo y Portugal y Vilhena [B](b. 1733 - d. 1797)[/B] [B] 2 May 1797 - 14 Mar 1799[/B] Antonio Olaguer y Feliú Heredia López y Donec [B](b. 1740 - d. 1807)[/B] [B]14 Mar 1799 - 20 May 1801[/B] Gabriel de Avilés y del Fierro, marqués de Avilés [B](b. 1730 - d. 1810)[/B] [B]20 May 1801 - 11 Apr 1804[/B] Joaquín del Pino y Rozas, Romero y Negrete [B](b. 1729 - d. 1804)[/B] [B]23 Apr 1804 - 10 Feb 1807[/B] Rafael de Sobremonte Núñez Castillo Angulo y Bullón Ramírez de Arellano, marqués de Sobremonte [B](b. 1746 - d. 1827)[/B] (acting to 6 Oct 1804) [B]10 Feb 1807 - 30 Jun 1809[/B] Santiago Antonio María de Liniers y Bremont (acting) [B](b. 1753 - d. 1810)[/B] [B]30 Jun 1809 - 25 May 1810[/B] Baltazar Hidalgo de Cisneros y la Torre [B](b. 1775 - d. 1829)[/B] [SIZE="4"]President of the First Junta[/SIZE] [B]25 May 1810 - 18 Dec 1810[/B] Cornelio Saavedra [B](b. 1760 - d. 1829)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents of the Big Junta[/SIZE] [B]18 Dec 1810 - 26 Aug 1811[/B] Cornelio Saavedra (s.a.) [B]26 Aug 1811 - 23 Sep 1811[/B] Domingo Matheu [B](b. 1765 - d. 1831)[/B] [B]23 Sep 1811 - 8 Oct 1812[/B] First Triumvirate - Feliciano Antonio Chiclana [B](b. 1761 - d. 1826)[/B] - Manuel de Sarratea [B](b. 1774 - d. 1849)[/B] - Juan José Paso (to 23 Mar 1812) [B](b. 1758 - d. 1833)[/B] - Juan Martín de Pueyrredón [B](b. 1777 - d. 1850)[/B] (from 23 Mar 1812) [B] 8 Oct 1812 - 31 Jan 1814[/B] Second Triumvirate - Juan José Paso (s.a.) - Nicolás Rodríguez Peña [B](b. 1775 - d. 1853)[/B] - Antonio Álvarez Jonte [B](b. 1784 - d. 1820)[/B] (to 19 Aug 1813) - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas [B](b. 1757 - d. 1833)[/B] (from 19 Aug 1813) [SIZE="4"]Supreme Directors[/SIZE] [B]31 Jan 1814 - 9 Jan 1815[/B] Gervasio Antonio de Posadas (s.a.) [B] 9 Jan 1815 - 15 Apr 1815[/B] Carlos María de Alvear [B](b. 1789 - d. 1852)[/B] [B]18 Apr 1815 - 20 Apr 1815[/B] Juan José Viamonte [B](b. 1774 - d. 1843)[/B] [B]20 Apr 1815[/B] José Rondeau (1st time) [B](b. 1775 - d. 1844)[/B] [B]20 Apr 1815 - 17 Apr 1816[/B] Ignacio Álvarez Thomas [B](b. 1787 - d. 1857)[/B] [B]17 Apr 1816 - 12 Jul 1816[/B] Antonio González Balcarce [B](b. 1774 - d. 1819)[/B] (acting for Pueyrredón from 3 May 1816) [B] 3 May 1816 - 9 Jun 1819[/B] Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (s.a.) [B]12 Jul 1816 - 29 Jul 1816[/B] Governmental Commission (acting for Pueyrredón) - Francisco Antonio de Escalada - Miguel de Irigoyen [B](b. 1764 - d. 1822)[/B] [B] 9 Jun 1819 - 11 Feb 1820[/B] José Rondeau (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]11 Feb 1820 - 16 Feb 1820 [/B] Juan Aguirre López (acting) [B](b. 1781 - d. 1837)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governor of Buenos Aires, exercising the National Executive Power[/SIZE] [B]23 Jan 1825 - 8 Feb 1826 [/B] Juan Gregorio de Las Heras [B](b. 1780 - d. 1866)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B] 8 Feb 1826 - 9 Aug 1827[/B] Bernardino Rivadavia [B](b. 1780 - d. 1845)[/B] [B] 9 Aug 1827 - 17 Aug 1827[/B] Vicente López y Planes [B](b. 1785 - d. 1856)[/B] (provisional) [SIZE="4"]Governors of Buenos Aires, entrusted with the Foreign Relations[/SIZE] [B]17 Aug 1827 - 1829[/B] see under Buenos Aires [SIZE="4"]Governor of Santa Fe, entrusted with the Foreign Relations[/SIZE] [B] 1829[/B] Estanislao López [B](b. 1786 - d. 1838)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors of Buenos Aires, entrusted with the Foreign Relations[/SIZE] [B]1829 - 20 Sep 1851[/B] see under Buenos Aires [SIZE="4"]Supreme Chief of the Confederation[/SIZE] [B]20 Sep 1851 - 3 Feb 1852 [/B] Juan Manuel de Rosas [B](b. 1793 - d. 1877)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governor of Entre Ríos, entrusted with the Foreign Relations[/SIZE] [B] 3 Feb 1852 - 31 May 1852[/B] Justo José de Urquiza [B](b. 1801 - d. 1870)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]31 May 1852 - 5 Mar 1860[/B] Justo José de Urquiza (s.a.) (Provisional Director to 5 Mar 1854) [B] 5 Mar 1860 - 5 Nov 1861[/B] Santiago Derqui [B](b. 1809 - d. 1867)[/B] [B] 5 Nov 1861 - 12 Dec 1861 [/B] Juan Esteban Pedernera (acting) ([B]b. 1796 - d. 1886)[/B] [B]12 Apr 1862 - 12 Oct 1868[/B] Bartolomé Mitre [B](b. 1821 - d. 1906)[/B] (Governor of Buenos Aires, exercising the National Executive Power, to 12 Oct 1862) [B]12 Oct 1868 - 12 Oct 1874[/B] Domingo Faustino Sarmiento [B](b. 1811 - d. 1888)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1874 - 12 Oct 1880[/B] Nicolás Avellaneda ([B]b. 1837 - d. 1885)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1880 - 12 Oct 1886[/B] Julio A. Roca (1st time) [B](b. 1843 - d. 1914)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1886 - 6 Aug 1890[/B] Miguel Juárez Celman [B](b. 1844 - d. 1909)[/B] [B] 6 Aug 1890 - 12 Oct 1892[/B] Carlos Pellegrini [B](b. 1846 - d. 1906)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1892 - 23 Jan 1895[/B] Luis Sáenz Peña [B](b. 1822 - d. 1907)[/B] [B]23 Jan 1895 - 12 Oct 1898[/B] José Evaristo Uriburu [B](b. 1831 - d. 1914)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1898 - 12 Oct 1904 [/B] Julio A. Roca (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]12 Oct 1904 - 12 Mar 1906 [/B] Manuel Quintana [B](b. 1835 - d. 1906)[/B] [B]12 Mar 1906 - 12 Oct 1910[/B] José Figueroa Alcorta [B](b. 1860 - d. 1931)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1910 - 9 Aug 1914 [/B] Roque Sáenz Peña [B](b. 1851 - d. 1914)[/B] [B] Apr 1914 - 12 Oct 1916[/B] Victorino de la Plaza [B](b. 1840 - d. 1919)[/B] (acting for Sáenz to 9 Aug 1914) [B]12 Oct 1916 - 12 Oct 1922 [/B] Hipólito Irigoyen (1st time) [B](b. 1852 - d. 1933)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1922 - 12 Oct 1928[/B] Marcelo T. de Alvear [B](b. 1868 - d. 1942)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1928 - 6 Sep 1930[/B] Hipólito Irigoyen (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 6 Sep 1930 - 20 Feb 1932 [/B] José Félix Uriburu [B](b. 1868 - d. 1932)[/B] (president of the Provisional Government) [B]20 Feb 1932 - 20 Feb 1938[/B] Agustín P. Justo [B](b. 1876 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]20 Feb 1938 - 27 Jun 1942[/B] Roberto M. Ortiz [B](b. 1886 - d. 1942)[/B] [B]12 Aug 1940 - 4 Jun 1943[/B] Ramón S. Castillo [B](b. 1873 - d. 1944)[/B] (acting for incapacitated Ortiz to 27 Jun 1942) [B] 4 Jun 1943 - 7 Jun 1943[/B] Arturo Rawson Corvalán [B](b. 1884 - d. 1952)[/B] (president of the Provisional Government) [B] 7 Jun 1943 - 9 Mar 1944 [/B] Pedro Pablo Ramírez Machuca [B](b. 1884 - d. 1962)[/B] (president of the Provisional Government to 18 Jun 1943) [B]25 Feb 1944 - 4 Jun 1946 [/B] Edelmiro J. Farrell [B](b. 1887 - d. 1980)[/B] (acting for Ramírez to 9 Mar 1944) [B] 4 Jun 1946 - 21 Sep 1955[/B] Juan Perón (1st time) [B](b. 1895 - d. 1974)[/B] [B]21 Sep 1955 - 23 Sep 1955[/B] José Domingo Molina Gómez [B](b. 1896 - d. 1969)[/B] (chairman of military junta) [B]23 Sep 1955 - 13 Nov 1955[/B] Eduardo A. Lonardi (provisional) ([B]b. 1896 - d. 1956)[/B] [B]13 Nov 1955 - 1 May 1958[/B] Pedro Eugenio Aramburu [B](b. 1903 - d. 1970)[/B] (provisional) [B] 1 May 1958 - 29 Mar 1962[/B] Arturo Frondizi [B](b. 1908 - d. 1995)[/B] [B]29 Mar 1962 - 12 Oct 1963 [/B] José María Guido (acting) [B](b. 1910 - d. 1975)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1963 - 28 Jun 1966[/B] Arturo Umberto Illia [B](b. 1900 - d. 1983)[/B] [B]28 Jun 1966 - 29 Jun 1966 [/B] Revolutionary Junta - Pascual Pistarini [B](b. 1915 - d. 1999)[/B] - Benigno Ignacio Varela [B](b. 1917 - d. 1996)[/B] - Adolfo Teodoro Álvarez [B](b. 1919)[/B] [B]29 Jun 1966 - 8 Jun 1970 [/B] Juan Carlos Onganía [B](b. 1914 - d. 1995)[/B] [B] 8 Jun 1970 - 18 Jun 1970[/B] Pedro Alberto José Gnavi (chairman Junta of Commanders) [B]18 Jun 1970 - 22 Mar 1971[/B] Roberto Marcelo Levingston [B](b. 1920)[/B] [B]22 Mar 1971 - 25 May 1973[/B] Alejandro Agustín Lanusse [B](b. 1918 - d. 1996)[/B] (chairman Junta of Commanders to 26 Mar 1971) [B]25 May 1973 - 13 Jul 1973 [/B] Héctor José Cámpora ([B]b. 1909 - d. 1980)[/B] [B]13 Jul 1973 - 12 Oct 1973[/B] Raúl Alberto Lastiri (acting) [B](b. 1915 - d. 1978)[/B] [B]12 Oct 1973 - 1 Jul 1974[/B] Juan Perón (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 1 Jul 1974 - 24 Mar 1976 [/B] Isabel Perón (f) [B] (b. 1931)[/B] [B]13 Sep 1975 - 16 Oct 1975[/B] Italo Luder (acting for Perón) ([B]b. 1916 - d. 2008)[/B] [B]24 Mar 1976 - 29 Mar 1976[/B] Military junta - Jorge Rafael Videla [B](b. 1925)[/B] - Emilio Eduardo Massera [B](b. 1925)[/B] - Orlando Ramón Agosti [B](b. 1924 - d. 1997)[/B] [B]29 Mar 1976 - 29 Mar 1981[/B] Jorge Rafael Videla (s.a.) [B]29 Mar 1981 - 11 Dec 1981[/B] Roberto Eduardo Viola [B](b. 1924 - d. 1994)[/B] [B]11 Dec 1981 - 22 Dec 1981[/B] Carlos Alberto Lacoste (acting) ([B]b. 1929 - d. 2004)[/B] [B]22 Dec 1981 - 18 Jun 1982[/B] Leopoldo Galtieri ([B]b. 1926 - d. 2003)[/B] [B]18 Jun 1982 - 1 Jul 1982 [/B] Alfredo Oscar Saint Jean (acting) [B](b. 1926)[/B] [B] 1 Jul 1982 - 10 Dec 1983 [/B] Reynaldo Bignone [B](b. 1928)[/B] [B]10 Dec 1983 - 8 Jul 1989[/B] Raúl Alfonsín [B](b. 1927 - d. 2009)[/B] [B] 8 Jul 1989 - 10 Dec 1999[/B] Carlos Saúl Menem [B](b. 1930)[/B] [B]10 Dec 1999 - 21 Dec 2001[/B] Fernando de la Rúa [B](b. 1937)[/B] [B]21 Dec 2001 - 23 Dec 2001[/B] Ramón Puerta (acting) [B](b. 1951)[/B] [B]23 Dec 2001 - 1 Jan 2002 [/B]Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (interim) [B](b. 1947)[/B] [B]31 Dec 2001 - 2 Jan 2002[/B] Eduardo Camaño [B](b. 1946)[/B] (acting [for Rodríguez Saá to 1 Jan 2002]) [B] 2 Jan 2002 - 25 May 2003 [/B] Eduardo Duhalde [B](b. 1941)[/B] [B]25 May 2003 - 10 Dec 2007 [/B] Néstor Kirchner [B](b. 1950)[/B] [B]10 Dec 2007 - [/B] Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (f) [B](b. 1953)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Cabinet Chiefs[/SIZE] [B] 8 Jul 1995 - 28 Mar 1996[/B] Eduardo Bauzá [B](b. 1939)[/B] [B]28 Mar 1996 - 10 Dec 1999[/B] Jorge Rodríguez [B](b. 1944)[/B] [B]10 Dec 1999 - 5 Oct 2000 [/B] Rodolfo Terragno [B](b. 1943)[/B] [B] 5 Oct 2000 - 21 Dec 2001[/B] Chrystian Colombo [B](b. 1952)[/B] [B]21 Dec 2001 - 23 Dec 2001 [/B] Humberto Schiavoni [B](b. 1958)[/B] [B]23 Dec 2001 - 31 Dec 2001[/B] Luis Lusquiños (acting) [B](b. 1951?)[/B] [B]31 Dec 2001 - 3 Jan 2002[/B] Antonio Cafiero [B](b. 1922)[/B] [B] 3 Jan 2002 - 3 May 2002[/B] Jorge Capitanich [B](b. 1964)[/B] [B] 3 May 2002 - 25 May 2003 [/B] Alfredo Atanasof [B] (b. 1949)[/B] [B]25 May 2003 - 24 Jul 2008 [/B] Alberto Fernández [B](b. 1959)[/B] [B]24 Jul 2008 - [/B] Sergio Massa [B] (b. 1972)[/B] |
Armenia
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Red"]Ar[/COLOR][COLOR="Blue"]men[/COLOR][COLOR="Yellow"]ia[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.travel-images.com/armenia.gif[/IMG] [B]30 May 1918 - 2 Dec 1920[/B] Republic of Armenia [B]29 Nov 1920[/B] Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia [B]12 Mar 1922 [/B] part (with Azerbaijan and Georgia) of the [SIZE="4"]Federative[/SIZE] Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of Transcaucasia (see under Georgia) [B]13 Dec 1922[/B] part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (see under Georgia) [B]30 Dec 1922 [/B] T.S.F.S.R. founding component of the Soviet Union [B] 5 Dec 1936 [/B] T.S.F.S.R. dissolved; Armenian S.S.R. becomes a full union republic (see Soviet republics) [B]23 Aug 1990 [/B] Republic of Armenia [B]23 Sep 1991[/B] independence declared [B]25 Dec 1991[/B] final independence (dissolution of the U.S.S.R.) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the National Council[/SIZE] [B]30 May 1918 - 1 Aug 1918 [/B]Avetis Aharonyan [B](b. 1866 - d. 1949)[/B] (not present on the territory of Armenia until 19 Jul 1918) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Council of Armenia[/SIZE] [B] 1 Aug 1918 - 5 Aug 1919[/B] Avetik Sahakyan [SIZE="4"]Chairman of Parliament[/SIZE] [B] 5 Aug 1919 - 2 Dec 1920 [/B] Avetis Aharonyan (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces[/SIZE] 2 Dec 1920 - 4 Dec 1920 Drastamat Kanayan [B](b. 1884 - d. 1956)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Military Revolutionary Committee[/SIZE] [B] 4 Dec 1920 - 5?May 1921[/B] Sarkis Kasyan [B](b. 1876 - d. 1937)[/B] [B]18 Feb 1921 - Jun 1921[/B] Simeon Vratsyan [B](b. 1882 - d. 1969)[/B] (chairman Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland; in Yerevan to 2 Apr 1921, then in dissidence) [B] 5?May 1921 - 21 May 1921[/B] Aleksandr Myasnikyan [B](b. 1886 - d. 1925)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars[/SIZE] [B]21 May 1921 - 2 Feb 1922[/B] Aleksandr Myasnikyan (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Central Executive Committee[/SIZE] [B] 2 Feb 1922 - Jun 1925[/B] Sarkis Ambartsumyan ([B]b. 1880 - d. 19...)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Supreme Council[/SIZE] [B]4 Aug 1990 - 11 Nov 1991 [/B] Levon Ter-Petrosyan [B](b. 1945)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]11 Nov 1991 - 3 Feb 1998 [/B] Levon Ter-Petrosyan (s.a.) [B] 4 Feb 1998 - 9 Apr 2008 [/B] Robert Kocharyan [B](b. 1954)[/B] (acting to 9 Apr 1998) [B] 9 Apr 2008 - [/B] Serzh Sarkisyan [B] (b. 1954)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]30 Jun 1918 - 28 May 1919[/B] Hovhannes Kachaznuni [B](b. 1868 - d. 1937)[/B] (not present on the territory of Armenia until 19 Jul 1918) [B]28 May 1919 - 5 May 1920[/B] Aleksandr I. Khatisyan [B](b. 1876 - d. 1945)[/B] [B] 5 May 1920 - 25 Nov 1920 [/B] Hamazasp Ohandzhanyan [B](b. 1873 - d. 1947)[/B] [B]25 Nov 1920 - 2 Dec 1920[/B] Simeon Vratsyan (s.a.) [B] Apr 1922 - 24 Jun 1925 [/B] Sergey Lukashin [B](b. 1885 - d. 1937)[/B] (chairman Council of People's Commissars) [B]13 Aug 1990 - 26 Sep 1991[/B] Vazgen Manukyan [B](b. 1946)[/B] [B]26 Sep 1991 - 22 Nov 1991 [/B] Hrant Bagratyan (1st time) [B](b. 1958)[/B] (acting) [B]22 Nov 1991 - 30 Jul 1992[/B] Gagik Arutyunyan [B](b. 1948)[/B] [B]30 Jul 1992 - 2 Feb 1993[/B] Khosrov Arutyunyan [B](b. 1948)[/B] [B] 2 Feb 1993 - 4 Nov 1996[/B] Hrant Bagratyan (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting to 12 Feb 1993) [B] 4 Nov 1996 - 20 Mar 1997 [/B] Armen Sarkisyan [B] (b. 1953)[/B] [B]20 Mar 1997 - 10 Apr 1998[/B] Robert Kocharyan (1st time) (s.a.) [B]10 Apr 1998 - 11 Jun 1999[/B] Armen Darbinyan [B](b. 1965)[/B] [B]11 Jun 1999 - 27 Oct 1999[/B] Vazgen Sarkisyan [B](b. 1959 - d. 1999)[/B] [B] 3 Nov 1999 - 2 May 2000 [/B] Aram Sarkisyan [B](b. 1961)[/B] [B] 2 May 2000 - 12 May 2000[/B] Robert Kocharyan (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) [B]12 May 2000 - 25 Mar 2007 [/B] Andranik Markaryan [B] (b. 1951 - d. 2007)[/B] [B] 4 Apr 2007 - 9 Apr 2008[/B] Serzh Sarkisyan (s.a.) [B] 9 Apr 2008 - [/B]Tigran Sarkisyan [B](b. 1960)[/B] |
Aruba
[SIZE="5"]Aruba[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://vacationhousearuba.com/Flag-map_of_Aruba.png[/IMG] [B]1634 [/B] Dutch colony [B]1805 - 1816 [/B]British domination [B]1828 [/B] part of Dutch West Indies (see Suriname) [B]1848 [/B] part of Netherlands Antilles [B]1 Jan 1986[/B] separation from Netherlands Antilles [SIZE="4"]Commanders[/SIZE] [B]1681 - 1715 [/B]Joseph Flaccius [B] 1717 - 1719 [/B]Hermanus Koolman [B]1719 - 1721[/B] Willem Palmers [B]1721 - 1722 [/B]Pieter Pieterszoon van Cempen [B][B] 1726 - 1730 [/B][/B]Isaak Obbens [B]1739?[/B] Willem Janszoon [B] 1739 - 1753[/B] Daniel Nieuwkerk [B]1753 - 1756 [/B]Lourents Croes [B]1756 - 1768 [/B]Jan van der Biest [B] 1768 - 1780 [/B]Gillis Poppe [B]1780 - 1791 [/B]Harmen van der Biest [B]1791 - 1792 [/B]Jacobus Pellicorne Porrier [B]1792 - 1793 [/B]Borchard Specht [B] 1793 - 1803 [/B]... [B]1803 - 1804 [/B]Pieter Specht [B]1804 - 1805 [/B]Johan Craneveldt [B]1805 [/B] Bruin Govertsz Quant (1st time) [B]1805 [/B] W. Doran [B]1805 - 1806 [/B]Bruin Govertsz Quant (2nd time) [B] 1806 [/B]Samuel Bartholomeus van den Broek (1st time) (commissioner) [B](b. 17... - d. 1817)[/B] [B]1806[/B] Jan van der Biest (1st time) [B]1806 - 18.. [/B]Samuel Bartholomeus van den Broek (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 1810?[/B] John Harrison Church Hartmann? [B]1816 - 1819 [/B]Lodewijk Christoph Boyé [B]1819 - 1822 [/B]Jan van der Biest (2nd time) [B]1822 - 1826 [/B]Jacob Thielen (1st time) [B]1826 - 1827 [/B]Simon Plats [B]1827 - 1837 [/B]Johan Frederik Waters Gravenhorst [B]1837 [/B] G.J. van Spall [B]1839 - 1848 [/B]Jacobus Jarman, Jr. [SIZE="4"]Administrators (gezaghebbers)[/SIZE] [B]1848 - 1859 [/B]Jacobus Jarman, Jr. [B]1859[/B] Bochard Specht [B]1859 - 1863 [/B]Michaël de Veer [B]1863 - 1866 [/B] Edouard Dénis Ernest van den Bossche [B] (b. 1831 - d. 1908)[/B] [B]1866 - 1871 [/B]Jan Helenus Ferguson [B](b. 1826 - d. 1908)[/B] [B]1871 - 1876 [/B]Willem Melanchton Bennebroek Gravenhorst [B]1876 - 1883 [/B]Jan Hendrik Rudeloff Beaujon [B] (b. 1838 - d. 1930)[/B] [B]1883 - 1888 [/B]David Gäerste Willemszoon [B](b. 1841 - d. 1898)[/B] [B]1888 - 1897 [/B]Jacob Thielen II (1st time) [B] (b. 1834 - d. 1915)[/B] [B]1897[/B] J.G. Lampe (acting) [B]1897 - 1899 [/B]Johannes Adriaan de Veer ([B]b. 1853 - d. 1899)[/B] [B]1899 - 1901[/B] Jacob Thielen II (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) [B]1901 - 1909 [/B]Gerard Raven Zeppenfeldt [B](b. 1863 - d. 19...)[/B] [B]1911 - 1920[/B] Henrik Johannes Beaujon [B](b. 1870 - d. 19...)[/B] [B]1920 - 1928 [/B]Jan Frederik Quast [B](b. 1875 - d. 1953)[/B] [B]1928 - 1945 [/B]Isaac Wagemaker [B](b. 1884 - d. 19...)[/B] [B]1945 - 1957 [/B]Lindoro Cristoffel Kwartsz [B](b. 1873 - d. 1959)[/B] [B]1957 - 1958 [/B]K.H. de Boer (acting) [B]1958 - 1959 [/B]E. Arends (acting) [B]1959[/B] Otto R.A. Beaujon (acting) [B](b. 1915 - d. 1984)[/B] [B]1959 - 1964 [/B]Frederik J.C. Beaujon [B](b. 1906 - d. 1964)[/B] [B]1964 - 1973 [/B]Oscar Siegfried Henriquez [B](b. 1926)[/B] [B]1973 - 1979 [/B]Francisco L. Jossy Tromp [B](b. 1925)[/B] [B]1979 - 1982 [/B]Francisco D. Figaroa [B](b. 1927 - d. 1993)[/B] [B]1982 [/B] Remy R. Zaandam (acting) [B](b. 1936)[/B] [B]1982 - 1983 [/B]Euladio D. Nicolaas (acting) [B](b. 1941)[/B] [B]1983 - 4 Oct 1985 [/B]Pedro Bislip [B](b. 1937 - d. 2007)[/B] [B]1985 - 31 Dec 1985 [/B]Frans Wernet (acting) [B](b. 1929 - d. 1995)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B] 1 Jan 1986 - 12 Mar 1992 [/B] Felipe Tromp [B](b. 1917 - d. 1995)[/B] [B]12 Mar 1992 - 11 May 2004 [/B] Olindo Koolman [B](b. 1942)[/B] [B]11 May 2004 - [/B] Fredis Refunjol [B](b. 1950)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B] 1 Jan 1986 - 9 Feb 1989 [/B] Henny Eman (1st time) [B](b. 1944)[/B] [B] 9 Feb 1989 - 29 Jul 1994 [/B] Nelson Oduber (1st time) [B](b. 1947)[/B] [B]29 Jul 1994 - 30 Oct 2001 [/B] Henny Eman (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]30 Oct 2001 - [/B] Nelson Oduber (2nd time) (s.a.) |
Australia
[SIZE="5"]Australia[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.corporatefirst.com.au/images/AustralianFlag.jpg[/IMG] [B] 1 Jan 1901 [/B] British colonies in Australia united as a dominion (Commonwealth of Australia) [B]11 Dec 1931[/B] Statute of Westminster (ratified by Australia 9 Oct 1942) grants full sovereignty to the British dominions [SIZE="4"]Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)[/SIZE] [B] 1 Jan 1901 - 9 Jan 1903[/B] John Adrian Louis Hope, Earl of Hopetoun [B](b. 1860 - d. 1908)[/B] [B] 9 Jan 1903 - 21 Jan 1904[/B] Hallam Tennyson, Baron Tennyson [B] (b. 1852 - d. 1928)[/B] [B]21 Jan 1904 - 9 Sep 1908[/B] Henry Stafford Northcote, Baron Northcote [B](b. 1846 - d. 1911)[/B] [B] 9 Sep 1908 - 31 Jul 1911[/B] William Humble Ward, Earl of Dudley [B](b. 1867 - d. 1932)[/B] [B]31 Jul 1911 - 18 May 1914[/B] Thomas Denman, Baron Denman [B](b. 1874 - d. 1954)[/B] [B]18 May 1914 - 6 Oct 1920[/B] Sir Ronald Craufurd Munro-Ferguson [B](b. 1860 - d. 1934)[/B] [B] 6 Oct 1920 - 8 Oct 1925[/B] Henry William Forster, Baron Forster of Lepe [B] (b. 1866 - d. 1936)[/B] [B] 8 Oct 1925 - 22 Jan 1931[/B] John Lawrence Baird, Baron Stonehaven [B] (b. 1874 - d. 1941)[/B] [B]22 Jan 1931 - 23 Jan 1936 [/B] Sir Isaac Isaacs [B](b. 1855 - d. 1948)[/B] [B]23 Jan 1936 - 30 Jan 1945[/B] Alexander Gore Arkwright Hore-Ruthven, Baron Gowrie (from 8 Jan 1945, Earl of Gowrie) [B](b. 1872 - d. 1955)[/B] [B]30 Jan 1945 - 11 Mar 1947[/B] Henry William Frederick Albert, Duke of Gloucester [B](b. 1900 - d. 1974)[/B] [B]11 Mar 1947 - 8 May 1953 [/B] William John McKell (from 9 Nov 1951, Sir William John McKell) [B](b. 1891 - d. 1985)[/B] [B] 8 May 1953 - 2 Feb 1960[/B] Sir William Slim [B](b. 1891 - d. 1970)[/B] [B] 2 Feb 1960 - 3 Feb 1961[/B] William Shepherd Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil [B](b. 1893 - d. 1961)[/B] [B] 4 Feb 1961 - 3 Aug 1961 [/B] Sir Reginald Alexander Dallas Brooks (acting) [B](b. 1896 - d. 1966)[/B] [B] 3 Aug 1961 - 22 Sep 1965[/B] William Philip Sidney, Viscount De L'Isle [B](b. 1909 - d. 1991)[/B] [B]22 Sep 1965 - 30 Apr 1969[/B] Richard Gardiner Casey, Baron Casey [B](b. 1890 - d. 1976)[/B] [B]30 Apr 1969 - 11 Jul 1974 [/B] Sir Paul Hasluck [B](b. 1905 - d. 1993)[/B] [B]11 Jul 1974 - 8 Dec 1977 [/B] Sir John Robert Kerr [B](b. 1914 - d. 1991)[/B] [B] 8 Dec 1977 - 29 Jul 1982 [/B] Sir Zelman Cowen [B](b. 1919)[/B] [B]29 Jul 1982 - 16 Feb 1989[/B] Sir Ninian Martin Stephen [B](b. 1923)[/B] [B]16 Feb 1989 - 16 Feb 1996 [/B] Bill Hayden [B](b. 1933)[/B] [B]16 Feb 1996 - 29 Jun 2001 [/B] Sir William Deane [B](b. 1931)[/B] [B]29 Jun 2001 - 28 May 2003[/B] Peter Hollingworth [B] (b. 1935)[/B] [B]15 May 2003 - 11 Aug 2003[/B] Sir Guy Green [B](b. 1937)[/B] (acting [for Hollingworth to 28 May 2003]) [B]11 Aug 2003 - 5 Sep 2008[/B] Michael Jeffery [B](b. 1937)[/B] [B] 5 Sep 2008 - [/B] Quentin Bryce (f) [B](b. 1942)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B] 1 Jan 1901 - 24 Sep 1903[/B] Edmund Barton (from 1902, Sir Edmund Barton) [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]Pro[/COLOR] [B](b. 1849 - d. 1920)[/B] [B]24 Sep 1903 - 26 Apr 1904[/B] Alfred Deakin (1st time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]Pro[/COLOR] [B](b. 1856 - d. 1919)[/B] [B]26 Apr 1904 - 18 Aug 1904[/B] John Christian Watson [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1867 - d. 1941)[/B] [B]18 Aug 1904 - 5 Jul 1905[/B] George Reid [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]FT[/COLOR] [B](b. 1845 - d. 1918)[/B] [B] 5 Jul 1905 - 13 Nov 1908 [/B] Alfred Deakin (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]Pro[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]13 Nov 1908 - 2 Jun 1909[/B] Andrew Fisher (1st time) [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1862 - d. 1928)[/B] [B] 2 Jun 1909 - 29 Apr 1910 [/B] Alfred Deakin (3rd time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]Pro[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]29 Apr 1910 - 24 Apr 1913[/B] Andrew Fisher (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]24 Apr 1913 - 17 Sep 1914[/B] Joseph Cook [COLOR="cyan"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1860 - d. 1947)[/B] [B]17 Sep 1914 - 27 Oct 1915 [/B] Andrew Fisher (3rd time) [COLOR="darkorange"] ALP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]27 Oct 1915 - 9 Feb 1923 [/B] William Morris Hughes [COLOR="darkorange"] ALP[/COLOR]; 14 Nov 1916: NLP; 17 Feb 1917: [COLOR="gray"]Nat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1864 - d. 1952)[/B] [B] 9 Feb 1923 - 22 Oct 1929[/B] Stanley Melbourne Bruce [COLOR="Gray"]Nat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1883 - d. 1967)[/B] [B]22 Oct 1929 - 6 Jan 1932[/B] James Henry Scullin [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1876 - d. 1953)[/B] [B] 6 Jan 1932 - 7 Apr 1939[/B] Joseph Aloysius Lyons [COLOR="DarkRed"]UAP[/COLOR] [B] (b. 1879 - d. 1939)[/B] [B] 7 Apr 1939 - 26 Apr 1939 [/B] Sir Earle Page (acting) [COLOR="seagreen"]Cnt[/COLOR] [B](b. 1880 - d. 1961)[/B] [B]26 Apr 1939 - 29 Aug 1941[/B] Robert Gordon Menzies (1st time) UAP [B](b. 1894 - d. 1978)[/B] [B]29 Aug 1941 - 7 Oct 1941 [/B] Arthur William Fadden [COLOR="seagreen"]Cnt[/COLOR] [B](b. 1895 - d. 1973)[/B] [B] 7 Oct 1941 - 5 Jul 1945[/B] John Curtin [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1885 - d. 1945)[/B] [B] 6 Jul 1945 - 13 Jul 1945 [/B] Francis Michael Forde [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B] (b. 1890 - d. 1983)[/B] [B]13 Jul 1945 - 19 Dec 1949 [/B] Joseph Benedict Chifley [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1885 - d. 1951)[/B] [B]19 Dec 1949 - 22 Jan 1966[/B] Robert Gordon Menzies (from 1963, Sir Robert Gordon Menzies) (2nd time) [COLOR="cyan"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]22 Jan 1966 - 17 Dec 1967 [/B] Harold Holt [COLOR="cyan"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1908 - d. 1967)[/B] [B]18 Dec 1967 - 10 Jan 1968[/B] John McEwen [COLOR="SeaGreen"]Cnt[/COLOR] [B] (b. 1900 - d. 1980)[/B] [B]10 Jan 1968 - 10 Mar 1971 [/B] John Grey Gorton [COLOR="cyan"]Lib[/COLOR] [B] (b. 1911 - d. 2002)[/B] [B]10 Mar 1971 - 5 Dec 1972[/B] William McMahon [COLOR="cyan"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1908 - d. 1988)[/B] [B] 5 Dec 1972 - 11 Nov 1975[/B] Gough Whitlam [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1916)[/B] [B]11 Nov 1975 - 11 Mar 1983[/B] Malcolm Fraser [COLOR="cyan"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1930)[/B] [B]11 Mar 1983 - 20 Dec 1991 [/B] Bob Hawke [COLOR="darkorange"] ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1929)[/B] [B]20 Dec 1991 - 11 Mar 1996[/B] Paul Keating [COLOR="DarkOrange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1944)[/B] [B]11 Mar 1996 - 3 Dec 2007[/B] John Howard [COLOR="Cyan"] Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1939)[/B] [B] 3 Dec 2007 - [/B] Kevin Rudd [COLOR="darkorange"]ALP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1957)[/B] [COLOR="Red"]Party abbreviations:[/COLOR] [COLOR="DarkOrange"]ALP[/COLOR]=Australian Labor Party,[COLOR="SeaGreen"] Cnt[/COLOR]=Country Party, [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]FT[/COLOR]=Free Trade Party, [COLOR="PaleTurquoise"]Lib[/COLOR]=Liberal Party, [COLOR="DimGray"]Nat[/COLOR]=Nationalist Party, [COLOR="Magenta"]NLP[/COLOR]=National Labor Party, [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]Pro[/COLOR]=Protectionist Party, [COLOR="Sienna"]UAP[/COLOR]=United Australia Party |
Austria
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Red"]Au[/COLOR]st[COLOR="Red"]ria[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/thumbnails/austria_flag_map_614x0.png[/IMG] [B]11 Aug 1804[/B] Kaisertum Österreich¹ [B]21 Dec 1867[/B] "Austrian half" of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, officially styled Die im Reichsrat vertretenen Königreiche und Länder ("The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council") [B]1916[/B] first official use of the style Empire of Austria [B]12 Nov 1918[/B] Republic of German-Austria [B]21 Oct 1919[/B] Republic of Austria [B] 1 Jul 1934[/B] Federal State of Austria [B]13 Mar 1938[/B] annexed by Germany as a state, which is dissolved into Reichsgaue 1 May 1939 [B]27 Apr 1945 [/B] Republic of Austria [SIZE="4"]Emperors²[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Habsburg-Lothringen dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]11 Aug 1804 - 2 Mar 1835[/B] Franz I [B](b. 1768 - d. 1835)[/B] [B] 2 Mar 1835 - 2 Dec 1848[/B] Ferdinand I [B](b. 1793 - d. 1875)[/B] [B] 2 Dec 1848 - 21 Nov 1916[/B] Franz Joseph I [B](b. 1830 - d. 1916)[/B] [B]21 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918 [/B] Karl I [B](b. 1887 - d. 1922)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]12 Nov 1918 - 4 Mar 1919[/B] Directory of the Council of State - Franz Dinghofer [COLOR="Green"]GV[/COLOR] [B](b. 1873 - d. 1956)[/B] - Johann Nepomuk Hauser [COLOR="DarkOrange"] CS [/COLOR] [B](b. 1866 - d. 1927)[/B] - Karl Seitz [COLOR="Gray"]SDAP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1869 - d. 1950)[/B] (chair rotating weekly) [B] 5 Mar 1919 - 9 Dec 1920[/B] Karl Seitz [COLOR="gray"]SDAP[/COLOR] (s.a.) (president of the Constituent National Assembly to 10 Nov 1920, then acting president) [B] 9 Dec 1920 - 10 Dec 1928[/B] Michael Hainisch - [B](b. 1858 - d. 1940)[/B] [B]10 Dec 1928 - 13 Mar 1938[/B] Wilhelm Miklas [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1872 - d. 1956)[/B] [B]29 Apr 1945 - 31 Dec 1950[/B] Karl Renner [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1870 - d. 1950)[/B] (acting to 20 Dec 1945) [B]31 Dec 1950 - 21 Jun 1951[/B] Leopold Figl (acting) [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1902 - d. 1965)[/B] [B]21 Jun 1951 - 4 Jan 1957[/B] Theodor Körner [COLOR="darkorchid"] SPÖ [/COLOR] [B](b. 1873 - d. 1957)[/B] [B] 4 Jan 1957 - 21 May 1957[/B] Julius Raab (acting) [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1891 - d. 1964)[/B] [B]22 May 1957 - 28 Feb 1965[/B] Adolf Schärf [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1890 - d. 1965)[/B] [B]28 Feb 1965 - 9 Jun 1965 [/B] Josef Klaus (acting) [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1910 - d. 2001)[/B] [B] 9 Jun 1965 - 24 Apr 1974[/B] Franz Jonas [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1899 - d. 1974)[/B] [B]24 Apr 1974 - 8 Jul 1974 [/B] Bruno Kreisky (acting) [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ [/COLOR] [B](b. 1911 - d. 1990)[/B] [B] 8 Jul 1974 - 8 Jul 1986[/B] Rudolf Kirchschläger - [B](b. 1915 - d. 2000)[/B] [B] 8 Jul 1986 - 8 Jul 1992 [/B] Kurt Waldheim - [B](b. 1918 - d. 2007)[/B] [B] 8 Jul 1992 - 6 Jul 2004 [/B] Thomas Klestil [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1932 - d. 2004)[/B] [B] 6 Jul 2004 - 8 Jul 2004[/B] Andreas Khol (acting) [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1941)[/B] [B] 8 Jul 2004 -[/B] Heinz Fischer [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1938)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Chancellor[/SIZE] [B]25 May 1821 - 13 Mar 1848 [/B] Klemens Fürst von Metternich [B](b. 1773 - d. 1859)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]20 Mar 1848 - 19 Apr 1848[/B] Franz Anton Graf von Kolowrat [B](b. 1778 - d. 1861)[/B] [B]19 Apr 1848 - 19 May 1848[/B] Karl Ludwig Graf von Ficquelmont [B](b. 1777 - d. 1857)[/B] (acting) [B]19 May 1848 - 8 Jul 1848 [/B] Franz Freiherr von Pillersdorf [B](b. 1786 - d. 1862)[/B] (acting) [B] 8 Jul 1848 - 18 Jul 1848[/B] Anton Freiherr von Doblhoff-Dier [B](b. 1800 - d. 1872)[/B] (acting) [B]18 Jul 1848 - 21 Nov 1848[/B] Johann Freiherr von Wessenberg-Ampringen [B](b. 1773 - d. 1858)[/B] [B]21 Nov 1848 - 5 Apr 1852[/B] Felix Fürst zu Schwarzenberg [B](b. 1800 - d. 1852)[/B] [B]11 Apr 1852 - 21 Aug 1859 [/B] Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein [B](b. 1797 - d. 1865)[/B] [B]21 Aug 1859 - 4 Feb 1861[/B] Johann Bernhard Graf von Rechberg und Rothenlöwen [B](b. 1806 - d. 1899)[/B] [B] 4 Feb 1861 - 26 Jun 1865[/B] Rainer, Erzherzog von Österreich [B](b. 1827 - d. 1913)[/B] [B]26 Jun 1865 - 27 Jul 1865[/B] Alexander Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly [B](b. 1813 - d. 1871)[/B] [B]27 Jul 1865 - 7 Feb 1867 [/B] Richard Graf von Belcredi [B](b. 1823 - d. 1902)[/B] [B] 7 Feb 1867 - 30 Dec 1867 [/B] Ferdinand Freiherr von Beust [B](b. 1809 - d. 1886)[/B] [B]30 Dec 1867 - 24 Sep 1868[/B] Karl Fürst von Auersperg, Herzog von Gottschee [B](b. 1814 - d. 1890)[/B] [B]24 Sep 1868 - 15 Jan 1870[/B] Eduard Graf Taaffe (1st time) [B](b. 1833 - d. 1895)[/B] [B]15 Jan 1870 - 1 Feb 1870 [/B] Ignaz Edler von Plener [B](b. 1810 - d. 1908)[/B] [B] 1 Feb 1870 - 12 Apr 1870[/B] Leopold Ritter Hasner von Artha [B](b. 1818 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]12 Apr 1870 - 6 Feb 1871[/B] Alfred Graf von Potocki-Pilawa [B](b. 1822 - d. 1889)[/B] [B] 6 Feb 1871 - 30 Oct 1871[/B] Karl Siegmund Graf von Hohenwart [B](b. 1824 - d. 1899)[/B] (acting) [B]30 Oct 1871 - 25 Nov 1871 [/B] Ludwig Freiherr von Holzgethan [B](b. 1810 - d. 1876)[/B] (acting) [B]25 Nov 1871 - 15 Feb 1879[/B] Adolf Wilhelm Daniel Fürst von Auersperg [B](b. 1821 - d. 1885)[/B] [B]15 Feb 1879 - 12 Aug 1879[/B] Karl von Stremayr (acting) [B](b. 1823 - d. 1904)[/B] [B]12 Aug 1879 - 11 Nov 1893[/B] Eduard Graf Taaffe (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]11 Nov 1893 - 19 Jun 1895[/B] Alfred August Fürst zu Windischgrätz [B](b. 1851 - d. 1927)[/B] [B]19 Jun 1895 - 30 Sep 1895 [/B] Erich Graf von Kielmansegg [B](b. 1847 - d. 1923)[/B] [B]30 Sep 1895 - 30 Nov 1897[/B] Kasimir Felix Graf von Badeni [B](b. 1846 - d. 1909)[/B] [B]30 Nov 1897 - 5 Mar 1898[/B] Paul Freiherr Gautsch von Frankenthurn (1st time) [B](b. 1851 - d. 1918)[/B] [B] 5 Mar 1898 - 2 Oct 1899[/B] Franz Graf von Thun und Hohenstein [B](b. 1847 - d. 1916)[/B] [B] 2 Oct 1899 - 21 Dec 1899[/B] Manfred Graf von Clary und Aldringen [B](b. 1852 - d. 1928)[/B] [B]21 Dec 1899 - 18 Jan 1900 [/B] Heinrich Ritter von Wittek [B](b. 1844 - d. 1930)[/B] (acting) [B]19 Jan 1900 - 31 Dec 1904[/B] Ernest von Koerber (1st time) [B](b. 1850 - d. 1919)[/B] [B]31 Dec 1904 - 2 May 1906[/B] Paul Freiherr Gautsch von Frankenthurn (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 2 May 1906 - 2 Jun 1906[/B] Konrad Prinz zu Hohenlohe- Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst [B](b. 1863 - d. 1918)[/B] [B] 2 Jun 1906 - 15 Nov 1908[/B] Max Wladimir Freiherr von Beck [B](b. 1854 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]15 Nov 1908 - 28 Jun 1911 [/B] Richard Freiherr von Bienerth-Schmerling [B](b. 1863 - d. 1918)[/B] [B]28 Jun 1911 - 3 Nov 1911[/B] Paul Freiherr Gautsch von Frankenthurn (3rd time) (s.a.) [B] 3 Nov 1911 - 21 Oct 1916[/B] Karl Reichsgraf von Stürgkh [B](b. 1859 - d. 1916)[/B] [B]31 Oct 1916 - 20 Dec 1916[/B] Ernest von Koerber (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]20 Dec 1916 - 23 Jun 1917 [/B] Heinrich Graf Clam-Martinic [B](b. 1863 - d. 1932)[/B] [B]23 Jun 1917 - 27 Jul 1918[/B] Ernst Ritter Seidler von Feuchtenegg [B](b. 1862 - d. 1931)[/B] [B]27 Jul 1918 - 27 Oct 1918[/B] Max Freiherr Hussarek von Heinlein [B](b. 1865 - d. 1935)[/B] [B]27 Oct 1918 - 11 Nov 1918[/B] Heinrich Lammasch [B](b. 1853 - d. 1920)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chancellors[/SIZE] [B]12 Nov 1918 - 7 Jul 1920[/B] Karl Renner (1st time) [COLOR="gray"]SDAP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 7 Jul 1920 - 21 Jun 1921[/B] Michael Mayr [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1864 - d. 1922)[/B] [B]21 Jun 1921 - 26 Jan 1922[/B] Johann Schober (1st time) - [B](b. 1874 - d. 1932)[/B] [B]26 Jan 1922 - 27 Jan 1922 [/B] Walter Breisky - [B](b. 1871 - d. 1944)[/B] [B]27 Jan 1922 - 31 May 1922[/B] Johann Schober (2nd time) - (s.a.) [B]31 May 1922 - 20 Nov 1924[/B] Ignaz Seipel (1st time) [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1876 - d. 1932)[/B] [B]20 Nov 1924 - 20 Oct 1926[/B] Rudolf Ramek [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1881 - d. 1941)[/B] [B]20 Oct 1926 - 4 May 1929 [/B] Ignaz Seipel (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorange"] CS[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 4 May 1929 - 26 Sep 1929[/B] Ernst Streeruwitz [COLOR="darkorange"] CS [/COLOR] [B](b. 1874 - d. 1952)[/B] [B]26 Sep 1929 - 30 Sep 1930[/B] Johann Schober (3rd time) - (s.a.) [B]30 Sep 1930 - 4 Dec 1930 [/B] Carl Vaugoin [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1873 - d. 1949)[/B] [B] 4 Dec 1930 - 20 Jun 1931[/B] Otto Ender [COLOR="darkorange"] CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1875 - d. 1960)[/B] [B]20 Jun 1931 - 20 May 1932[/B] Karl Buresch [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1878 - d. 1936)[/B] [B]20 May 1932 - 25 Jul 1934 [/B] Engelbert Dollfuss [COLOR="darkorange"]CS[/COLOR]; 1934: [COLOR="darkred"]VF[/COLOR] [B] (b. 1892 - d. 1934)[/B] [B]25 Jul 1934 - 26 Jul 1934[/B] Kurt Schuschnigg (1st time) [COLOR="darkred"]VF[/COLOR] [B](b. 1897 - d. 1977)[/B] (acting) [B]26 Jul 1934 - 29 Jul 1934[/B] Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg [COLOR="darkred"]VF[/COLOR] [B](b. 1899 - d. 1956)[/B] (acting) [B]29 Jul 1934 - 12 Mar 1938[/B] Kurt Schuschnigg (2nd time) [COLOR="DarkRed"]VF[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]12 Mar 1938 - 13 Mar 1938[/B] Arthur Seyss-Inquart [COLOR="royalblue"] NS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1892 - d. 1946)[/B] (Reichsstatthalter 13 Mar 1938 - 30 Apr 1939) [B]23 Apr 1938 - 31 Mar 1940[/B] Josef Bürckel [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]NS[/COLOR] [B](b. 1895 - d. 1944)[/B] (Reichskommissar für die Wiedervereinigung Österreichs mit dem Deutschen Reich) [B]29 Apr 1945 - 20 Dec 1945[/B] Karl Renner (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]20 Dec 1945 - 2 Apr 1953[/B] Leopold Figl [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 2 Apr 1953 - 11 Apr 1961[/B] Julius Raab [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]11 Apr 1961 - 2 Apr 1964[/B] Alfons Gorbach [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP [/COLOR] [B](b. 1898 - d. 1972)[/B] [B] 2 Apr 1964 - 21 Apr 1970[/B] Josef Klaus [COLOR="magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]21 Apr 1970 - 24 May 1983[/B] Bruno Kreisky [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]24 May 1983 - 16 Jun 1986[/B] Fred Sinowatz [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1929 - d. 2008)[/B] [B]16 Jun 1986 - 28 Jan 1997[/B] Franz Vranitzky [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1937)[/B] [B]28 Jan 1997 - 4 Feb 2000[/B] Viktor Klima [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1947)[/B] [B] 4 Feb 2000 - 11 Jan 2007[/B] Wolfgang Schüssel [COLOR="Magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1945)[/B] [B]11 Jan 2007 - 2 Dec 2008[/B] Alfred Gusenbauer [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1960)[/B] [B] 2 Dec 2008 - [/B] Werner Faymann [COLOR="darkorchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR] [B](b. 1960)[/B] [COLOR="Red"]Party abbreviations:[/COLOR] [COLOR="DarkOrange"]CS[/COLOR]=Christian Social Party, [COLOR="Green"]GV[/COLOR]=Greater German People's Party, [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]NS[/COLOR]=National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), [COLOR="Magenta"]ÖVP[/COLOR]=Austrian People's Party, [COLOR="Gray"]SDAP[/COLOR]=Social Democratic Workers' Party, [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]SPÖ[/COLOR]=Socialist Party of Austria (from 15 Jun 1991, Social Democratic Party of Austria), [COLOR="DarkRed"]VF[/COLOR]=Patriotic Front [SIZE="4"]Allied occupation[/SIZE] [SIZE="4"]U.S. zone[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]High commissioners[/SIZE] [B] 5 Jul 1945 - 16 May 1947[/B] Mark W. Clark [B](b. 1896 - d. 1984)[/B] [B]17 May 1947 - 19 Sep 1950[/B] Geoffrey Keyes [B](b. 1888 - d. 1967)[/B] [B]20 Sep 1950 - 17 Jul 1952 [/B] Walter J. Donnelly [B](b. 1896 - d. 1970)[/B] [B]17 Jul 1952 - 27 Jul 1955 [/B] Llewellyn E. Thompson, Jr. [B](b. 1904 - d. 1972)[/B] [SIZE="4"]British zone[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]High commissioners[/SIZE] [B] Jul 1945 - 1946[/B] Sir Richard McCreery [B](b. 1898 - d. 1967)[/B] [B] 1946 - Oct 1947 [/B] Sir James Stuart Steele [B](b. 1894 - d. 1975)[/B] [B] Oct 1947 - 1 Jan 1950 [/B] Sir Alexander Galloway [B](b. 1899 - d. 1977)[/B] [B]1 Jan 1950 - 1 Aug 1950 [/B] Sir John Winterton [B](b. 1898 - d. 1987)[/B] [B] 1 Aug 1950 - 5 Feb 1954 [/B] Sir Harold Caccia [B](b. 1905 - d. 1990)[/B] [B] 5 Feb 1954 - 27 Jul 1955 [/B] Sir Geoffrey Wallinger [B](b. 1903 - d. 1979)[/B] [SIZE="4"]French zone[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]High commissioners[/SIZE] [B] 8 Jul 1945 - 29 Jun 1950[/B] Antoine Béthouart [B](b. 1889 - d. 1982)[/B] [B]29 Jun 1950 - 27 Jul 1955[/B] Jean Payart [B](b. 1892 - d. 1969)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Soviet zone[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]High commissioners[/SIZE] [B] Jul 1945 - 1946 [/B] Ivan Konev [B](b. 1897 - d. 1973)[/B] [B] 1946 - May 1949[/B] Vladimir Kurasov [B](b. 1897 - d. 1973)[/B] [B]May 1949 - 7 Jun 1953[/B] Vladimir Sviridov [B](b. 1898 - d. 1963)[/B] [B]7 Jun 1953 - 27 Jul 1955 [/B] Ivan Ilichev [B](b. 1905 - d. 1983)[/B] [COLOR="YellowGreen"]¹The word Kaisertum was deliberately chosen not to imply Kaiserreich Österreich (Empire of Austria). The term had no constitutional status before 25 Apr 1848, and had dynastic rather than territorial import: it was intended to encompass all the hereditary possessions of the Haus Österreich, and was so defined in the Constitution of 7 Mar 1849; in the Constitution of 25 Apr 1848 it was similarly used, but excluded the "Hungarian" and "Lombardo-Venetian" possessions. ²Full official style of the ruler, including effective and titular titles, in a typical form of 1918 (variants occur): Von Gottes Gnaden Kaiser von Österreich, Apostolischer König von Ungarn, König von Böhmen, Dalmatien, Kroatien, Slavonien und Galizien, Lodomerien und Illyrien, König von Jerusalem, etc.; Erzherzog von Österreich, Grossherzog von Toskana und Krakau, Herzog von Lothringen und von Salzburg, von Steiermark, von Kärnten, Krain und der Bukovina; Grossfürst von Siebenbürgen; Markgraf von Mähren; Herzog von Ober- und Niederschlesien, von Modena, Parma, Piacenza und Guastalla, von Auschwitz und Zator, von Teschen, Friaul, Ragusa und Zara; Gefürsteter Graf von Habsburg und Tyrol, von Kyburg, Görz und Gradisca; Fürst von Trient und von Brixen; Markgraf von Ober- und Niederlausitz und in Istrien; Graf von Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg etc.; Herr von Triest, von Cattaro und auf der Windischen Mark; Grosswojwod der Wojwodschaft Serbien, etc.; Kaiserliche und Apostolische Majestät ("By the grace of God, Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, and Galitzia, Lodomeria and Illyria, King of Jerusalem, etc.; Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine and of Salzburg, of Styria, of Carinthia, Carniola and the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, of Auschwitz [Oswiecim] and Zator, of Teschen [Czeszyn], Friuli, Ragusa [Dubrovnik] and Zara [Zadar]; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent [Trento] and Brixen [Bressanone]; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro [Kotor], and in the Wendish Mark; Grand Voivode of the Voivodina of Serbia, etc.; Imperial and Apostolic Majesty").[/COLOR] |
Azerbaijan
[SIZE="5"]Azerbaijan[/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.acus.org/files/images/Azerbaijan%20Flag%20Map.preview.png[/IMG] [SIZE="4"]Baku[/SIZE] [B]172. [/B] khanate founded [B]1728 - 1735 [/B]part of Russia [B]1735 - 1747[/B] part of Iran [B]1806 [/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]172. - 1728 [/B] Dargah Quli Khan [B]1747 - 1768[/B] Mirza Muhammad Khan [B]1768 - 1770[/B] Fath `Ali Khan [B]1770 - 1772[/B] `Abd Allah Beg [B]1772 - 1783[/B] Malik Muhammad Khan [B] 1784 - 1791[/B] Mirza Muhammad Khan [B]1791 - 1792[/B] Muhammad Quli Khan [B]1792 - 1806[/B] Husayn Quli Khan [SIZE="4"]Ganja[/SIZE] [B]1747 [/B] khanate founded [B]1804 [/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [SIZE="2"]- Ziyad oglu Qajar dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]1747 - 1761[/B] Shah Wardi Khan [B]1761 - 1781[/B] Muhammad Hasan Khan [SIZE="2"]- Jawanshir dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]1781 - 1784 [/B] Ibrahim Khalil Khan [SIZE="2"]- Ziyad oglu Qajar dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]1784 - 1786[/B] Hajji Beg [B] 1786 - 3 Jan 1804 [/B] al-Jawad Khan [SIZE="4"]Jawad[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Khan[/SIZE] [B]*1778 - 1789[/B] Tala Hasan Khan [SIZE="4"]Nakhchiwan[/SIZE] [B]1834 [/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]*1751* [/B] Haydar Quli Khan [B]*1779* [/B] Kalb `Ali Khan [B] ... - [/B] 1834 Karim Khan Kangarli [SIZE="4"]Qarabagh[/SIZE] [B]c.1554 [/B] state under the rule of an Atabeg founded [B]1588 [/B] part of Ottoman Empire [B]1606 [/B] khanate founded [B]1822[/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [SIZE="2"]- Ziyad oglu Qajar dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]1722 - May 1728[/B] Dawud Khan [B]1728 - 1730[/B] Makhithar [B] 1730 - 1738[/B] Ughurlu II Khan Ziyad oglu [B]*1743*[/B] Khan Chemskeseka [SIZE="2"]- Jawanshir dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]1747 - 1761[/B] Panah Khan `Ali Beg [B]1761 - 14 Jun 1806[/B] Ibrahim Khalil Khan [B]1806 - Oct 1822 [/B] Mahdi Quli Khan Muzaffar [SIZE="4"]Quba[/SIZE] [B] 1680 [/B] khanate founded [B]1816 [/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Saytaq Khans[/SIZE] [B]1680 - Sep 1721 [/B] Husayn Khan [B] 1721 [/B] Ahmad Khan [B]1721 - 1722 [/B] Chulaq Surkhay Khan [B]1722 - 1758[/B] Husayn `Ali Khan [B]1758 - Mar 1789[/B] Fath `Ali Khan [B]1789 - 1791 [/B] Ahmad Khan [B]1791 - 1806 [/B] Shaykh `Ali Agha [B]1806 - 1816[/B] Husayn Khan [SIZE="4"]Salyan[/SIZE] [B]1729[/B] khanate founded [B]1782[/B] incorporated into Quba [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]1729 - 17.. [/B] Hasan Beg [B]1748 - 1757[/B] Ibrahim [B]1757 - 1768[/B] Kalb `Ali Sultan [B]1768 - 1782 [/B]Qubad Sultan [SIZE="4"]Shakki[/SIZE] [B]c.1500 [/B] khanate founded [B]1761 - 1765[/B] part of Qazi Qumuq (Daghestan) [B]1819 [/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]... - 1743[/B] Malik Najaf Khan [SIZE="3"]Rulers (title Bashchi)[/SIZE] [B]1743 - 1759 [/B] Chalabi Khan [B]1759 - 1761[/B] Agha Kishi Beg [B]1765 - 1779[/B] Husayn Khan [B]1780 - 1783 [/B] `Abd al-Qadir Khan [B]21 Dec 1783 - 1795[/B] Muhammad Hasan Wali [B] 1795 - 1806[/B] Mustafa Salim Khan [B]10 Dec 1806 - 1815[/B] Ja`far Quli Khan Dumbuli [B]1815 - 1819[/B] Isma`il Khan [SIZE="4"]Shamakha[/SIZE] [B]1748 [/B] Khoja Shamakha and Yeni Shamakha khanates founded [B]1786 [/B] merged into Shamakha [B] 1820[/B] part of Russia [SIZE="4"]Khoja Shamakha[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Khan[/SIZE] [B]1748 - 1786 [/B] Muhammad Sa`id Khan [SIZE="4"]Yeni Shamakha[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]1748 - 1763 [/B] Muhammad `Ali Khan [B] 1763 - 1768[/B] Aghazi Khan (1st time) [B]1768 - 1769 [/B] Fath `Ali Khan [B]1769 - 1770 [/B] `Abd Allah Beg [B]1770 - 1778[/B] Ildar Beg [B]1778 - 1786 [/B] Aghazi Khan (2nd time) [SIZE="4"]Shamakha[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]1786 - 1789 [/B]Askar Khan [B]1789 - 1796[/B] Qasim Khan [B]1796 - 1820[/B] Mustafa Khan [SIZE="4"]Talish[/SIZE] [B] 1747[/B] khanate founded [B]1814[/B] part of Russia [SIZE="3"]Khans[/SIZE] [B]1747[/B] Sa`id `Abbas [B]1747 - 1786[/B] Gara Khan [B]1786 - 1814[/B] Mir Mustafa Khan -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="5"]Azerbaijan[/SIZE] [B]28 May 1918[/B] Azerbaijan People's Republic [B]28 Apr 1920[/B] Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic [B]12 Mar 1922[/B] part (with Armenia and Georgia) of the Federative Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of Transcaucasia (see under Georgia) [B]13 Dec 1922[/B] part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative [SIZE="4"]Socialist[/SIZE] Republic (see under Georgia) [B]30 Dec 1922[/B] T.S.F.S.R. founding component of the Soviet Union [B] 5 Dec 1936[/B] T.S.F.S.R. dissolved; Azerbaijan S.S.R. becomes a full union republic (see Soviet republics) [B]19 Nov 1990[/B] Azerbaijani Republic [B]30 Aug 1991[/B] independence declared [B]25 Dec 1991[/B] final independence (dissolution of the U.S.S.R.) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the National Council[/SIZE] [B]28 May 1918 - 7 Dec 1918[/B] Memmed Resulzade [B](b. 1884 - d. 1955)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairman of Parliament[/SIZE] [B] 7 Dec 1918 - 27 Apr 1920[/B] Alimardanbey Topchubashov [B](b. 1862 - d. 1934)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Provisional Military-Revolutionary Committee[/SIZE] [B]28 Apr 1920 - 16 May 1920[/B] Mirza Davud Husseynov [B](b. 1894 - d. 1938)[/B] [B]16 May 1920 - 19 May 1921[/B] Nariman Narimanov [B](b. 1870 - d. 1925)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee[/SIZE] [B]19 May 1921 - 1922[/B] Mukhtar Hajiyev [B]28 Apr 1922 - Sep 1929[/B] Samad Aga Agamali ogly Aliyev [B](b. 1867 - d. 1930)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]18 May 1990 - 6 Mar 1992[/B] Ayaz Mutalibov (1st time) [B](b. 1938)[/B] [B] 6 Mar 1992 - 14 May 1992[/B] Yagub Mamedov (1st time) (acting) [B](b. 1941)[/B] [B]14 May 1992 - 16 May 1992[/B] Ayaz Mutalibov (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]16 May 1992 - 18 May 1992 [/B] Yagub Mamedov (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) [B]18 May 1992 - 16 Jun 1992[/B] Isa Gambarov (acting) [B](b. 1957)[/B] [B]16 Jun 1992 - 1 Sep 1993[/B] Abulfez Elchibey [B](b. 1938 - d. 2000)[/B] [B]24 Jun 1993 - 31 Oct 2003 [/B] Heydar Aliyev [B](b. 1923 - d. 2003)[/B] (acting to 10 Oct 1993 [for Elchibey to 1 Sep 1993]) [B]31 Oct 2003 - [/B] Ilham Aliyev [B] (b. 1961)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]28 May 1918 - 5 Apr 1919 [/B] Fath Ali Khan Khoiski [B](b. 1876 - d. 1920)[/B] [B] 5 Apr 1919 - 1 Apr 1920[/B] Nasibbey Yusifbeyli [B](b. 1881 - d. 1920)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars[/SIZE] [B] May 1921 - 1922[/B] Nariman Narimanov (s.a.) [B]1922 - 1928 [/B] Gazanfar Musabekov [B](b. 1888 - d. 1938)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]25 Jan 1990 - 7 Apr 1992[/B] Hasan Hasanov [B](b. 1940)[/B] [B] 7 Apr 1992 - 18 May 1992[/B] Firuz Mustafayev (acting) [B]18 May 1992 - 26 Jan 1993[/B] Rahim Huseynov [B](b. 1936)[/B] [B]26 Jan 1993 - 28 Apr 1993 [/B] Ali Masimov [B](b. 1952)[/B] [B]28 Apr 1993 - 7 Jun 1993[/B] Panakh Huseynov [B](b. 1957)[/B] [B]27 Jun 1993 - 6 Oct 1994 [/B] Suret Huseynov [B](b. 1959)[/B] [B] 6 Oct 1994 - 20 Jul 1996 [/B] Fuad Guliyev [B](b. 1941)[/B] (acting to 2 May 1995) [B]20 Jul 1996 - 4 Aug 2003[/B] Artur Rasizade (1st time) [B](b. 1935)[/B] (acting to 26 Nov 1996) [B] 4 Aug 2003 - 4 Nov 2003[/B] Ilham Aliyev (s.a.) [B] 6 Aug 2003 - 4 Nov 2003 [/B] Artur Rasizade (s.a.) (acting for Aliyev) [B]4 Nov 2003 -[/B] Artur Rasizade (2nd time) (s.a.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Nakhichevan autonomous republic[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]Chairmen of the Supreme Council[/SIZE] [B] 5 Sep 1991 - 23 Jun 1993[/B] Heydar Aliyev (s.a.) [B] 3 Jul 1993 - [/B] Vasif Talybov [B] (b. 1960)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="3"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]1991 - 1993[/B] Bedzhan Farziliyev [B]1993 - 2000 [/B] Shamsaddin Khanbabayev [B]2000 - [/B] Alovsat Bakhshiyev [B](b. 1956)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Nagorno-Karabakh[/SIZE] [B] 2 Sep 1991 [/B] Armenian Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh [B]6 Jan 1992 [/B] independence declared [SIZE="3"]Chairman of the Executive Council[/SIZE] [B]2 Sep 1991 - 6 Jan 1992[/B] Leonard Petrosyan [B](b. 1953 - d. 1999)[/B] [SIZE="3"]Chairmen of Parliament[/SIZE] [B] 7 Jan 1992 - 14 Apr 1992[/B] Artur Mkrtchyan [B](b. 1959 - d. 1992)[/B] [B]15 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993[/B] Georgy Petrosyan (acting) [B](b. 1953)[/B] [B]14 Jun 1993 - 29 Dec 1994[/B] Garen Baburyan (acting) [B] (b. 1954)[/B] [SIZE="3"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]29 Dec 1994 - 20 Mar 1997[/B] Robert Kocharyan [B](b. 1954)[/B] [B]20 Mar 1997 - 8 Sep 1997 [/B] Leonard Petrosyan (acting) (s.a.) [B] 8 Sep 1997 - 7 Sep 2007 [/B] Arkady Gukasyan [B](b. 1957)[/B] [B] 7 Sep 2007 -[/B] Bako Sahakyan [B] (b. 1960)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="3"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]8 Jan 1992 - Aug 1992[/B] Oleg Yessayan [B] (b. 1946)[/B] [B]Aug 1992 - Dec 1994 [/B] Robert Kocharyan (s.a.) [B]Dec 1994 - Jun 1998 [/B] Leonard Petrosyan (s.a.) [B]Jun 1998 - 24 Jun 1999 [/B] Zhirayr Pogosyan [B] (b. 1942)[/B] [B]30 Jun 1999 - 14 Sep 2007 [/B] Anushavan Danielyan [B](b. 1956)[/B] [B]14 Sep 2007 - [/B] Araik Arutyunyan [B](b. 1973)[/B] |
Bahamas
[SIZE="5"]B[COLOR="Blue"]ah[/COLOR][COLOR="Yellow"]am[/COLOR][COLOR="Blue"]as[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.chevroncars.com/learn/flags/img/The-Bahamas-flag.gif[/IMG] [B]1648 [/B] first English settlement [B]1718 [/B] British crown colony [B] 3 Mar 1776 - 17 Mar 1776 [/B] American occupation [B] 8 May 1782 - 19 Apr 1783 [/B] Spanish occupation [B] 1969 [/B] Commonwealth of the Bahama Islands [B]10 Jul 1973 [/B] independence (Commonwealth of The Bahamas) [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]1697 - 1700 [/B] Nicholas Webb [B] 1700 - 1701 [/B] Elias Haskett [B]1701 - 1705 [/B] Ellis Lightfood [B]Jan 1706 - 1706 [/B]Edward Birch [B] 1706 [/B] Thomas Walker [B]1706 - 1718 [/B] pirate rule - Thomas Barrow - Benjamin Hornigold [B](b. ... - d. 1719?)[/B] - Edward Teach "Blackbeard" [B] (b. 1680? - d. 1718)[/B] et al. [B]26 Jul 1718 - 1721 [/B] Woodes Rogers (1st time) [B](b. 1679? - d. 1732)[/B] [B]1721 - 1728 [/B] George Phenney [B]Aug 1729 - 16 Jul 1732[/B] Woodes Rogers (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1732 - 1733 [/B] Richard Thompson (acting) [B]Nov 1733 - 1740[/B] Richard Fitzwilliams [B]1740 - 1758 [/B] John Tinker [B] (b. ... - d. 1758)[/B] [B]1758 - 1760 [/B] John Gambier (1st time) (acting) [B](b. 1723 - d. 1782)[/B] [B]1760 - 1768 [/B] William Shirley [B](b. 1694 - d. 1771)[/B] [B]28 Nov 1768 - 1774 [/B] Thomas Shirley [B](b. 1727 - d. 1780)[/B] [B]1774 - 3 Mar 1776[/B] Montfort Browne (1st time) [B]3 Mar 1776 - 17 Mar 1776[/B] Samuel Nicholas [B](b. 1744 - d. 1790)[/B] (American commander) [B]1776 - 1778[/B] John Gambier (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) [B]1778 - 1779 [/B] Montfort Browne (2nd time) [B]1780 - 1784 [/B] John Robert Maxwell (1782-83 Spanish prisoner) [B] 8 May 1782 - 19 Apr 1783[/B] Bernardo de Gálvez [B](b. 1746 - d. 1786)[/B] (Spanish commander) [B]1784 - 1786 [/B] James Edward Powell [B]1786 - 1787 [/B] John Brown (acting) [B]1787 - 1796 [/B] John Murray, Earl of Dunmore [B](b. 1732 - d. 1809)[/B] [B] 1796 - 14 Feb 1797[/B] Robert Hunt (acting) [B]14 Feb 1797 - Jun 1797[/B] John Forbes [B](b. 1750 - d. 1797)[/B] [B]20 Nov 1797 - 1801 [/B] William Dowdeswell [B](b. 1761 - d. 1828)[/B] [B]1801 - 1804[/B] John Halkett [B](b. 1768 - d. 1852)[/B] [B] 8 May 1804 - 1820[/B] Charles Cameron [B](b. 1766? - d. 1828)[/B] [B]1821 - 1829 [/B] Lewis Grant [B] (b. ... - d. 1852)[/B] [B]1829 - 1833 [/B]James Carmichael Smyth [B](b. 1779 - d. 1838)[/B] [B]1833 - 1835 [/B] Blayney Townley Balfour [B](b. 1799 - d. 1882)[/B] [B]1835 - 1837 [/B] William MacBean George Colebrooke [B](b. 1787 - d. 1870)[/B] [B]1837 - 1844 [/B] Francis Cockburne [B]1844 - 1849 [/B] George Benvenuto Mathew [B](b. 1807 - d. 1879)[/B] 18[B]49 - 1854 [/B] John Gregory [B]1854 - 1857 [/B]Sir Alexander Bannerman [B](b. 1783 - d. 1864)[/B] 18[B]57 - 1864 [/B] Charles John Bayley [B](b. ... - d. 1873)[/B] [B]1864 - 1869 [/B] Rawson William Rawson [B](b. 1812 - d. 1899)[/B] [B]1869 - 1871 [/B] Sir James Walker [B] (b. 1809 - d. 1885[/B]) [B]1871 - 1873 [/B] George Cumine Strahan [B](b. 1838 - d. 1889)[/B] [B]1873 - 1874 [/B] Sir John Pope Hennessy [B](b. 1834 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]1874 - 1880 [/B] William Robinson [B](b. 1836 - d. 1912)[/B] [B]1880 - 1881 [/B] Jeremiah Thomas Fitzgerald Callaghan [B] (b. c.1830 - d. 1881)[/B] [B]1882 - Jan 1884[/B] Charles Cameron Lees (from 1883, Sir Charles Cameron Lees) [B] (b. 1837 - d. 1898)[/B] [B] 4 Jan 1884 - 1887[/B] Sir Henry Arthur Blake [B](b. 1840 - d. 1918)[/B] [B]1887 - 1895 [/B] Sir Ambrose Shea [B](b. 1816 - d. 1905)[/B] [B]1895 - 1898 [/B]Sir William Frederick Haynes Smith [B](b. 1839 - d. 1928)[/B] [B]1898 - 1904 [/B] Sir Gilbert Thomas Carter [B](b. 1848 - d. 1927)[/B] [B]29 Nov 1904 - 1912 [/B] Sir William Grey-Wilson [B](b. 1852 - d. 1926)[/B] [B]29 Oct 1912 - 1914 [/B] Sir George Basil Haddon-Smith [B](b. 1861 - d. 1931)[/B] [B]15 Jun 1914 - 1920 [/B]Sir William Lamond Allardyce [B](b. 1861 - d. 1930)[/B] [B] 8 Dec 1920 - 1926 [/B] Sir Harry Edward Spiller Cordeaux [B](b. 1870 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]15 Mar 1927 - Jan 1932[/B] Charles William James Orr (from 1928, Sir Charles William James Orr) [B] (b. 1870 - d. 1945)[/B] [B]10 Jan 1932 - 1934 [/B] Bede Edmund Hugh Clifford (from 1933, Sir Bede Edmund Hugh Clifford) [B] (b. 1890 - d. 1969)[/B] [B]1934 - 1940 [/B]Charles Cecil Farquharson Dundas (from 1938, Sir Charles Cecil Farquharson Dundas) [B](b. 1884 - d. 1956)[/B] (acting to 1937) [B]18 Aug 1940 - 1945 [/B] Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor [B](b. 1894 - d. 1972)[/B] [B]28 Jul 1945 - 1950 [/B] William Lindsay Murphy (from 1946, Sir William Lindsay Murphy) [B](b. 1887 - d. 1965)[/B] [B] 5 Jan 1950 - Dec 1950 [/B] Sir George Ritchie Sandford [B](b. 1892 - d. 1950)[/B] [B] 7 Dec 1950 - 1953 [/B] Robert Arthur Ross Neville (from 1952, Sir Robert Arthur Ross Neville) [B](b. 1896 - d. 1987)[/B] [B]21 Dec 1953 - 1956 [/B] Thomas David Knox, Earl of Ranfurly [B] (b. 1913 - d. 1988)[/B] [B] 1 Apr 1957 - 1960 [/B] Sir Oswald Raynor Arthur [B] (b. 1905 - d. 1973)[/B] [B]18 Jul 1960 - 1964 [/B] Sir Robert Stapledon [B](b. 1909 - d. 1975)[/B] [B] 3 Jun 1964 - 1968 [/B] Sir Ralph Francis Alnwick Grey [B](b. 1910 - d. 1999)[/B] [B] 1 Nov 1968 - 1972[/B] Sir Francis Edward Hovell-Thurlow- Cumming-Bruce (from 1971, Francis Edward Hovell-Thurlow- Cumming-Bruce, Baron Thurlow) [B](b. 1912)[/B] [B]14 May 1972 - 10 Jul 1973 [/B] Sir John Warburton Paul [B](b. 1916 - d. 2004)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)[/SIZE] [B]10 Jul 1973 - 31 Jul 1973 [/B] Sir John Warburton Paul (acting) (s.a.) [B] 1 Aug 1973 - 22 Jan 1979 [/B] Sir Milo Butler [B](b. 1906 - d. 1979)[/B] [B]22 Jan 1979 - 25 Jun 1988[/B] Sir Gerald Cash [B](b. 1917 - d. 2003)[/B] (acting [for Butler from 2 Sep 1976] to 23 Sep 1979) [B]26 Jun 1988 - 1 Jan 1992[/B] Sir Henry Taylor [B](b. 1903 - d. 1994)[/B] (acting to 28 Feb 1991) [B] 2 Jan 1992 - 2 Jan 1995[/B] Sir Clifford Darling [B](b. 1922)[/B] [B] 3 Jan 1995 - 13 Nov 2001 [/B] Orville Turnquest (from 22 Feb 1995, Sir Orville Turnquest) [B](b. 1929)[/B] [B]13 Nov 2001 - 30 Nov 2005[/B] Dame Ivy Dumont (f) [B](b. 1930)[/B] (acting to 1 Jan 2002) [B] 1 Dec 2005 - 1 Feb 2006[/B] Paul Adderley (acting) [B](b. 1928?)[/B] [B] 1 Feb 2006 - [/B] Arthur Dion Hanna [B](b. 1928)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Chief minister[/SIZE] [B] 1955 - 7 Jan 1964[/B] Roland T. Symonette (from 1959, Sir Roland T. Symonette) [B](b. 1898 - d. 1980)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Premiers[/SIZE] [B] 7 Jan 1964 - 16 Jan 1967 [/B] Sir Roland T. Symonette (s.a.) [B]16 Jan 1967 - 1969[/B] Lynden O. Pindling [B](b. 1930 - d. 2000)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B] 1969 - 21 Aug 1992[/B] Lynden O. Pindling (from 1 Jan [B]1983[/B], Sir Lynden O. Pindling) (s.a.) [B]21 Aug 1992 - 3 May 2002 [/B] Hubert Ingraham (1st time) [B](b. 1947)[/B] [B] 3 May 2002 - 4 May 2007 [/B]Perry Christie [B](b. 1943)[/B] [B] 4 May 2005 - 22 Jun 2005 [/B] Cynthia Pratt (f) [B](b. 1945)[/B] (acting for Christie) [B] 4 May 2007 - [/B] Hubert Ingraham (2nd time) (s.a.) |
Bahrain
[SIZE="5"]Bah[COLOR="Red"]rain[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www.arabooo.com/images/bahrain-flag.gif[/IMG] [B] 1783 [/B] Al Khalifah lineage settles on Bahrain [B] 2 Dec 1880 - 15 Aug 1971 [/B] British protectorate [B]16 Aug 1971 [/B] State of Bahrain [B]14 Feb 2002 [/B] Kingdom of Bahrain [SIZE="4"]Rulers (hakim)[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Banu `Utub dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]1783 - 18 Jul 1795[/B] Sheikh Ahmad ibn Muhammad Al Khalifah [B](b. ... - d. 1795)[/B] [B]1796 - Apr 1843[/B] Sheikh Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah [B](b. 17... - d. 1849)[/B] (jointly with the following three) [B]1796 - 1825[/B] Sheikh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah [B](b. 17... - d. 1825)[/B] [B]1825 - 31 May 1834[/B] Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [B](b. ... - d. 1834)[/B] [B]31 May 1834 - Jun 1842 [/B]Sheikh Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (1st time) [B](b. 1813 - d. 1890)[/B] [B] Apr 1843 - 6 Sep 1868[/B] Sheikh Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 6 Sep 1868 - 28 Sep 1869[/B] Sheikh Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifah [B] (b. 1814 - d. 1869)[/B] [B] Sep 1869 - 1 Dec 1869[/B] Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifah [B](b. 1817 - d. 1877)[/B] [B]Dec 1869 - 9 Dec 1932 [/B] Sheikh `Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifah [B](b. 1848 - d. 1932)[/B] (jointly with following) [B]Dec 1869 - Oct 1888[/B] Sheikh Ahmad ibn Ali Al Khalifah [B](b. 1850 - d. 1888)[/B] (jointly with preceding) [B] 9 Dec 1932 - 24 Feb 1942[/B] Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah [B](b. 1872 - d. 1942)[/B] [B]24 Feb 1942 - 2 Nov 1961[/B] Sheikh Sulman ibn Hamad Al Khalifah [B](b. 1894 - d. 1961)[/B] [B] 2 Nov 1961 - 16 Aug 1971 [/B]Sheikh `Isa ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [B](b. 1933 - d. 1999)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Emirs[/SIZE] [B]16 Aug 1971 - 6 Mar 1999 [/B] Sheikh `Isa ibn Sulman Al Khalifah (s.a.) [B]6 Mar 1999 - 14 Feb 2002 [/B] Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah [B](b. 1950)[/B] King [B]14 Feb 2002 - [/B] Sheikh Hamad ibn `Isa Al Khalifah (s.a.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime minister[/SIZE] [B]19 Jan 1970 - [/B] Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah [B] (b. 1936)[/B] (president of the State Council to 16 Aug 1971) [SIZE="4"]British political agents[/SIZE] [B]10 Feb 1900 - 1904[/B] John Calcott Gaskin [B]1904 - 1909[/B] Francis Beville Prideaux [B](b. 1871 - d. 1938)[/B] [B]1909 - 1910[/B] Charles Fraser Mackenzie [B](b. 1880 - d. 1965)[/B] [B]1910 - 1911 [/B] Stuart George Knox [B](b. 1869 - d. 1956)[/B] [B]1911 - 1912 [/B] David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer [B](b. 1876 - d. 1962)[/B] [B]1912 - 1914 [/B] Arthur Prescott Trevor [B](b. 1872 - d. 1930)[/B] [B]1914 - 1916[/B] Terence Humphrey Keyes [B] (b. 1877 - d. 1939)[/B] [B]1916[/B] Hugh Stewart [B](b. 1872 - d. 1931)[/B] [B] 1916[/B] Trenchard Craven William Fowle [B](b. 1884 - d. 1940)[/B] [B]1916 - 1918[/B] Percy Gordon Loch (1st time) [B](b. 1887 - d. 1963)[/B] [B]1918[/B] George Alexander Gavin Mungavin [B]1918 - 1919[/B] Norman Napier Bray [B](b. 1885 - d. 1962)[/B] [B]1919 - 1920[/B] Harold Richard Patrick Dickson ([B]b. 1881 - d. 1959)[/B] [B] 1920 - 1921[/B] Sayid Siddiq Hassan (acting) [B]1921 - 1926[/B] Clive Kirkpatrick Daly [B](b. 1878 - d. 1966)[/B] [B]1926 - 1929[/B] Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett [B](b. 1884 - d. 1933)[/B] [B]1929 - 1932[/B] Charles Geoffrey Prior [B](b. 1896 - d. 1972)[/B] [B]1932 - 1937 [/B] Percy Gordon Loch (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1937[/B] Tom Hickinbotham (1st time) [B](b. 1903 - d. 1983)[/B] [B]1937 - 1940[/B] Hugh Weightman [B](b. 1898 - d. 1949)[/B] [B]1940 - 1942[/B] Reginald George Evelyn William Alban [B](b. 1899)[/B] [B] 1942 - 1943[/B] Edward Birkbeck Wakefield (1st time) [B](b. 1903 - d. 1969)[/B] [B]1943[/B] Michael Gray Dixon (acting) [B](b. 1910)[/B] [B]1943 - 1945[/B] Tom Hickinbotham (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1945[/B] Cornelius James Pelly (1st time) [B](b. 1908 - d. 1985)[/B] [B]1945 - 1947[/B] Edward Birkbeck Wakefield (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1947 - 1951 [/B] Cornelius James Pelly (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 1951 - 1952[/B] William Scott Laver ([B]b. 1909 - d. 1988)[/B] [B]1952 - 1954 [/B] John William Wall [B](b. 1910 - d. 1989)[/B] [B]1954 - 1959 [/B] Charles Alexander Gault [B](b. 1908 - d. 1996)[/B] [B]1959 - 1962[/B] Edward Parr Wiltshire [B](b. 1910 - d. 2004)[/B] [B]1962 - 1965[/B] John Peter Tripp [B](b. 1927 - d. 1986)[/B] [B]1965 - 1969[/B] Anthony Parsons [B](b. 1922 - d. 1996)[/B] [B]1969 - 1971[/B] Alexander John Stirling [B] (b. 1926)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chief political residents of the Persian Gulf[/SIZE] (for Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the Trucial States) [B]1822 - 1823[/B] John Mcleod [B](b. ... - d. 1851)[/B] [B]1823 - 1827 [/B] Ephraim Gerrish Stannus [B](b. 1784 - d. 1850)[/B] [B]1827 - 1831[/B] David Wilson 18[B]31 - 1835[/B] David Alexander Blane [B]1835 - 1838[/B] James Morrison [B](b. 1790 - d. 1857)[/B] [B]1838 - 1852 [/B] Samuel Hennell [B]1852 - 1856 [/B] Arnold Burrowes Kemball [B](b. 1820 - d. 1908)[/B] [B]1856 - 1862[/B] Felix Jones [B]1862 - 1872[/B] Lewis Pelly [B](b. 1825 - d. 1892)[/B] [B]1872 - 1891[/B] Edward Charles Ross [B](b. 1836 - d. 1913)[/B] [B]1891 - 1893 [/B] Adelbert Cecil Talbot [B] (b. 1845 - d. 1920)[/B] [B]1893[/B] Stuart Hill Godfrey (acting) [B](b. 1861 - d. 1941)[/B] [B]1893 [/B] James Hayes Sadler (1st time) [B](b. 1851 - d. 1922)[/B] (acting) [B]1893 [/B] James Adair Crawford (acting) [B](b. 1857 - d. 1936)[/B] 18[B]93 - 1894[/B] James Hayes Sadler (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) [B]1894 - 1897[/B] Frederick Alexander Wilson [B](b. 1842 - d. 1899)[/B] [B]1897 - 1900[/B] Malcolm John Meade [B](b. 1854 - d. 1933)[/B] [B]1900 - 1904 [/B] Charles Arnold Kemball (acting) [B](b. 1860 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]1904 - 1920[/B] Percy Cox (from 1911, Sir Percy Cox) [B] (b. 1864 - d. 1937)[/B] Acting for Cox: [B]1913 - 1914[/B] John Gordon Lorimer [B](b. 1870 - d. 1914)[/B] [B]1914 [/B] Richard Lockinton Birdwood [B](b. 1879 - d. 1914)[/B] [B]1914 [/B] Stuart George Knox (1st time) [B](b. 1869 - d. 1956)[/B] [B] 1915 [/B] Stuart George Knox (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1915 - 1917 [/B] Arthur Prescott Trevor (1st time) [B](b. 1872 - d. 1930)[/B] [B]1917 - 1919 [/B] John Hugo Bill [B](b. 18... - d. 1919)[/B] [B] 1919[/B] Cecil Hamilton Gabriel [B](b. 1879 - d. 1947)[/B] [B]1919 - 1920[/B] Arthur Prescott Trevor (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]1920 [/B] Arnold Talbot Wilson (acting) [B](b. 1884 - d. 1940)[/B] [B]1920 - 1924[/B] Arthur Prescott Trevor (s.a.) [B]1924 - 1927[/B] Francis Beville Prideaux [B](b. 1871 - d. 1938)[/B] [B]1927 - 1928[/B] Lionel Berkeley Holt Haworth [B](b. 1873 - d. 1951)[/B] [B]1928 - 1929[/B] Frederick William Johnston [B](b. 1872 - d. 1947)[/B] [B]1929 [/B] Cyril Charles Johnson Barrett [B](b. 1884 - d. 1933)[/B] (acting) [B]1929 - 1932 [/B] Hugh Vincent Biscoe [B](b. 1881 - d. 1932)[/B] [B]1932 - 1939[/B] Trenchard Craven William Fowle [B](b. 1884 - d. 1940)[/B] [B]1939 - 1946[/B] Charles Geoffrey Prior [B](b. 1896 - d. 1972)[/B] [B]1946 - 1953[/B] Rupert Hay (from 1952, Sir Rupert Hay) [B] (b. 1893 - d. 1962)[/B] [B]22 Oct 1953 - 1958[/B] Bernard Burrows (from 1955, Sir Bernard Burrows) [B](b. 1910 - d. 2002)[/B] [B]1958 - 1961[/B] Sir George Humphrey Middleton [B](b. 1910 - d. 1998)[/B] [B]1961 - 1966[/B] Sir William Luce [B] (b. 1907 - d. 1977)[/B] [B]1966 - 1970[/B] Sir Stewart Crawford [B](b. 1913 - d. 2002)[/B] [B]1970 - 1971[/B] Sir Geoffrey Arthur [B] (b. 1920 - d. 1984)[/B] |
Bangladesh
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="SeaGreen"]Bang[/COLOR][COLOR="Red"]la[/COLOR][COLOR="SeaGreen"]desh[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag-map_of_Bangladesh.svg/429px-Flag-map_of_Bangladesh.svg.png[/IMG] [B]14 Aug 1947 [/B] part of Pakistan (previously part of British India) [B]26 Mar 1971 [/B] independence proclaimed (People's Republic of Bangladesh) [B]16 Dec 1971[/B] de facto independence (capitulation of Pakistan) [SIZE="4"]Presidents[/SIZE] [B]11 Apr 1971 - 12 Jan 1972 [/B] Mujibur Rahman (1st time) [B](b. 1920 - d. 1975)[/B] (Pakistani prisoner to 8 Jan 1972) [B]11 Apr 1971 - 10 Jan 1972 [/B] Syed Nazrul Islam [B](b. 1925 - d. 1975)[/B] (acting for Mujibur Rahman) [B]12 Jan 1972 - 24 Dec 1973[/B] Abu Sayeed Chowdhury [B](b. 1921 - d. 1987)[/B] [B]26 Dec 1973 - 25 Jan 1975[/B] Mohammad Mohammadullah [B](b. 1921 - d. 1999)[/B] (acting to 24 Jan 1974) [B]25 Jan 1975 - 15 Aug 1975 [/B] Mujibur Rahman (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]15 Aug 1975 - 6 Nov 1975 [/B] Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed [B](b. 1918 - d. 1996)[/B] [B] 6 Nov 1975 - 21 Apr 1977[/B] Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem [B](b. 1916 - d. 1997)[/B] (also chief martial law administrator 7 Nov 1975 - 29 Nov 1976) [B]21 Apr 1977 - 30 May 1981 [/B] Ziaur Rahman [B](b. 1936 - d. 1981)[/B] (also chief martial law administrator 29 Nov 1976 - 6 Apr 1979) [B]30 May 1981 - 24 Mar 1982[/B] Abdus Sattar [B](b. 1906 - d. 1985)[/B] (acting to 20 Nov 1981) [B]24 Mar 1982 - 27 Mar 1982[/B] Hossain Mohammad Ershad (1st time) (b. 1930) (chief martial law administrator 24 Mar 1982 - 30 Mar 1984) [B]27 Mar 1982 - 11 Dec 1983 [/B] A.F.M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury [B] (b. 1915 - d. 2001)[/B] [B]11 Dec 1983 - 6 Dec 1990[/B] Hossain Mohammad Ershad (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 6 Dec 1990 - 10 Oct 1991[/B] Shahabuddin Ahmed (1st time) [B](b. 1930)[/B] (acting) [B]10 Oct 1991 - 9 Oct 1996[/B] Abdur Rahman Biswas [B](b. 1926)[/B] [B] 9 Oct 1996 - 14 Nov 2001[/B] Shahabuddin Ahmed (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]14 Nov 2001 - 21 Jun 2002[/B] A.Q.M. Badruddoza Chowdhury [B](b. 1932)[/B] [B]21 Jun 2002 - 6 Sep 2002 [/B] Jamiruddin Sircar (acting) [B](b. 1931)[/B] [B] 6 Sep 2002 - 12 Feb 2009[/B] Iajuddin Ahmed ([B]b. 1931)[/B] [B]12 Feb 2009 - [/B] Zillur Rahman [B](b. 1929)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]11 Apr 1971 - 13 Jan 1972[/B] Tajuddin Ahmed [B](b. 1925 - d. 1975)[/B] [B]13 Jan 1972 - 26 Jan 1975[/B] Mujibur Rahman (s.a.) [B]26 Jan 1975 - 15 Aug 1975[/B] Mohammad Mansoor Ali [B](b. 1919 - d. 1975)[/B] [B]29 Jun 1978 - 12 Mar 1979[/B] Mashiur Rahman (senior minister) [B](b. 1924 - d. 1979)[/B] [B]15 Apr 1979 - 24 Mar 1982[/B] Shah Azizur Rahman [B](b. 1925 - d. 1988)[/B] [B]30 Mar 1984 - 9 Jul 1986 [/B] Ataur Rahman Khan [B](b. 1905 - d. 1991)[/B] [B] 9 Jul 1986 - 27 Mar 1988[/B] Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury ([B]b. 1928 - d. 2006)[/B] [B]27 Mar 1988 - 12 Aug 1989[/B] Moudud Ahmed [B](b. 1940)[/B] [B]12 Aug 1989 - 6 Dec 1990[/B] Kazi Zafar Ahmed [B](b. 1940)[/B] [B]20 Mar 1991 - 30 Mar 1996[/B] Khaleda Zia (f) (1st time) [B](b. 1945)[/B] [B]30 Mar 1996 - 23 Jun 1996 [/B] Mohammad Habibur Rahman [B](b. 1930)[/B] (chief adviser) [B]23 Jun 1996 - 15 Jul 2001 [/B] Sheikh Hasina Wajed (f) (1st time) [B](b. 1947)[/B] [B]15 Jul 2001 - 10 Oct 2001[/B] Latifur Rahman (chief adviser) [B](b. 1936)[/B] [B]10 Oct 2001 - 29 Oct 2006 [/B] Khaleda Zia (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]29 Oct 2006 - 11 Jan 2007[/B] Iajuddin Ahmed (chief adviser) (s.a.) [B]11 Jan 2007 - 12 Jan 2007[/B] Fazlul Haque [B](b. 1938)[/B] (acting chief adviser) [B]12 Jan 2007 - 6 Jan 2009 [/B] Fakhruddin Ahmed (chief adviser) [B](b. 1940)[/B] [B] 6 Jan 2009 - [/B] Sheikh Hasina Wajed (f) (2nd time) (s.a.) |
Barbados
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Bar[/COLOR][COLOR="Yellow"]ba[/COLOR][COLOR="RoyalBlue"]dos[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Flag-map_of_Barbados.png[/IMG] [B]1627[/B] British colony [B]1833 - 1885[/B] part of the Windward Islands (with the governor of Barbados also governor of the Windward Islands) [B] 3 Jan 1958 - 31 May 1962[/B] part of the Federation of the West Indies (see under Trinidad and Tobago) [B]30 Nov 1966 [/B] independence [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]Dec 1697 - 1701 [/B] Ralph Grey [B](b. c.1661 - d. 1706)[/B] [B]1701 - 1703[/B] John Farmer (acting) [B]1703 - 1706[/B] Sir Bevil Granville [B](b. 16... - d. 1706)[/B] [B] 1707 - 1710[/B] Mitford Crow [B](b. 16... - d. 1719)[/B] [B]1710 - 1711 [/B]George Lillington (acting) [B]1711 - Jan 1714 [/B] Robert Lowther (1st time) [B](b. 1681 - d. 1745)[/B] [B]Jan 1714 - 1715 [/B]William Sharpe (acting) [B]1715 - 1720[/B] Robert Lowther (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 1720 - 1721[/B] John Frere (acting) [B]1721 - 1722[/B] Samuel Cox (acting) [B]1722 - 1727[/B] Henry Worsley [B](b. ... - d. 1740)[/B] [B]1727 - 1731 [/B] Thomas Catesby Paget [B](b. 1689 - d. 1742)[/B] [B]1731[/B] James Dotin (1st time) (acting) [B]1731 - 1732[/B] Walter Chetwynd [B](b. ... - d. 1732)[/B] [B]1733 - 29 Mar 1735[/B] Emanuel Scrope, Viscount Howe [B](b. c.1699 - d. 1735)[/B] [B]1735 - 1737[/B] James Dotin (2nd time) [B]1737 - 1738[/B] Orlando Bridgeman [B]1738[/B] Humphrey Howarth [B]1738 - 1739 [/B] Thomas Gage, Viscount Gage [B](b. ... - d. 1754)[/B] [B]May 1739 - 1740[/B] Robert Byng [B](b. ... - d. 1741)[/B] [B]1740[/B] James Dotin (3rd time) [B]1742 - 1747 [/B] Sir Thomas Robinson [B](b. c.1700 - d. 1777)[/B] [B]1747 - 1756 [/B]Henry Grenville [B](b. 1717 - d. 1784)[/B] [B]1756 - 1766[/B] Charles Pinfold [B](b. 1709 - d. 1788)[/B] [B]1766 - 1768 [/B] Samuel Rous (1st time) (acting) [B]1768 - 1772[/B] William Spry [B](b. ... - d. 1802)[/B] [B]1772[/B] Samuel Rous (2nd time) (acting) [B]1772 - 1779 [/B]Edward Hay [B](b. 1722 - d. 1779)[/B] [B]1779 - 1780[/B] John Dotin (1st time) (acting) [B]1780 - 1782 [/B]James Cunninghame [B]1783 - 1784[/B] John Dotin (2nd time) (acting) [B]1784 - 1793 [/B] David Parry [B]1793 - 1794[/B] William Bishop (1st time) (acting) [B]1794 - 1800[/B] George Poyntz Ricketts ([B]b. 1749 - d. 1800)[/B] [B]1800 - 1801 [/B] William Bishop (2nd time) (acting) [B]1802 - 1806[/B] Francis Humberstone Mackenzie, (from 1804) Baron Seaforth [B](b. 1754 - d. 1815)[/B] [B]1806 - 1810[/B] John Spooner (acting) [B]1810 - 1815[/B] Sir George Beckwith [B](b. 1753 - d. 1823)[/B] [B]10 May 1815 - 16 Oct 1816[/B] Sir James Leith [B](b. 1763 - d. 1816)[/B] [B]1817 [/B] John Foster Alleyne (acting) [B](b. 1762 - d. 1823)[/B] [B]1817 - 1820[/B] Stapleton Cotton, Viscount Combermere [B](b. 1773 - d. 1865)[/B] [B] 1820 [/B] John Brathwaite Skeete (acting) [B]1821 [/B] Samuel Hinds (acting) [B]1821 - 1829 [/B] Sir Henry Warde [B](b. 1766 - d. 1834)[/B] [B]1829 - 1833[/B] Sir James Lyon [B]1833 - 1836[/B] Sir Lionel Smith [B](b. 1778 - d. 1842)[/B] [B]1836 - 1841 [/B] Evan John Murray MacGregor (from 1839, Sir Evan John Murray MacGregor) [B](b. 1785 - d. 1841)[/B] [B]1841[/B] Charles Henry Darling [B](b. 1809 - d. 1870)[/B] [B]1841 - 1846[/B] Sir Charles Edward Grey [B](b. 1785 - d. 1865)[/B] [B]1846 - 1848 [/B] William Reid [B](b. 1791 - d. 1858)[/B] [B]1848 - 1856 [/B] William MacBean George Colebrooke (b. 1787 - d. 1870) [B]1856 - 4 Jan 1862[/B] Francis Hincks [B](b. 1807 - d. 1885)[/B] [B] 4 Jan 1862 - 1868 [/B]James Walker [B] (b. 1809 - d. 1885)[/B] [B]1868 - 1875[/B] Rawson William Rawson [B](b. 1812 - d. 1899)[/B] [B]1875 [/B] Sanford Freeling (acting) [B](b. 1828 - d. 1894)[/B] [B]1875 - 1876 [/B] Sir John Pope Hennessy [B](b. 1834 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]1876 - 1880 [/B] George Cumine Strahan [B](b. 1838 - d. 1889)[/B] [B]1880 [/B] D.J. Gamble (acting) [B]1880 - 1885[/B] William Robinson [B](b. 1836 - d. 1912)[/B] [B]1885 - 1889[/B] Sir Charles Cameron Lees [B](b. 1837 - d. 1898)[/B] [B]1889 - 1891 [/B] Sir Walter Joseph Sendall [B](b. 1833 - d. 1904)[/B] [B] 1891 - 1900[/B] Sir James Shaw Hay [B](b. 1839 - d. 1924)[/B] [B]18 Feb 1900 - 1904[/B] Sir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson [B](b. 1851 - d. 1925)[/B] [B]24 Oct 1904 - 1911 [/B] Sir Gilbert Thomas Carter [B](b. 1848 - d. 1927)[/B] [B]13 Feb 1911 - 1918[/B] Sir Leslie Probyn [B](b. 1862 - d. 1938)[/B] [B]27 Sep 1918 - 1925[/B] Charles Richard Mackey O'Brien (from 1920, Sir Charles Richard Mackey O'Brien) [B] (b. 1859 - d. 1935)[/B] [B]31 Dec 1925 - Jan 1933[/B] William Charles Fleming Robertson (from 1927, Sir William Charles Fleming Robertson) [B](b. ... - d. 1937)[/B] [B] Jan 1933 - 12 Mar 1933[/B] Harry Scott Newlands [B](b. 1884 - d. 1933)[/B] [B] 5 Aug 1933 - Mar 1938[/B] Mark Young (from 1934, Sir Mark Young) [B] (b. 1886 - d. 1974)[/B] [B] 6 Aug 1938 - 1941 [/B] Eubule John Waddington (from 1939,Sir Eubule John Waddington) [B](b. 1890 - d. 1957)[/B] [B]23 Oct 1941 - 1947 [/B] Sir Henry Grattan Bushe [B](b. 1886 - d. 1961)[/B] [B] 5 Feb 1947 - 1949[/B] Sir Hilary Rudolph Robert Blood ([B]b. 1893 - d. 1967)[/B] [B] 1 Nov 1949 - 1953[/B] Alfred William Lungley Savage(from 1951, Sir Alfred William Lungley Savage) [B](b. 1903 - d. 1980)[/B] [B]14 May 1953 - 1959 [/B] Sir Robert Duncan Harris Arundell ([B]b. 1904 - d. 1989)[/B] [B] 8 Oct 1959 - 29 Nov 1966 [/B] Sir John Montague Stow [B](b. 1911 - d. 1997)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)[/SIZE] [B]30 Nov 1966 - 18 May 1967[/B] Sir John Montague Stow (s.a.) [B]18 May 1967 - 9 Aug 1976[/B] Sir Arleigh Winston Scott [B](b. 1900 - d. 1976)[/B] [B] 9 Aug 1976 - 17 Nov 1976[/B] Sir William Douglas (1st time) [B](b. 1921 - d. 2003)[/B] (acting) [B]17 Nov 1976 - 9 Jan 1984[/B] Sir Deighton Lisle Ward [B](b. 1909 - d. 1984)[/B] [B]10 Jan 1984 - 24 Feb 1984[/B] Sir William Douglas (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) [B]24 Feb 1984 - 6 Jun 1990[/B] Sir Hugh Springer [B](b. 1913 - d. 1994)[/B] [B] 6 Jun 1990 - 19 Dec 1995[/B] Dame Nita Barrow (f) [B](b. 1916 - d. 1995)[/B] [B]19 Dec 1995 - 1 Jun 1996 [/B] Sir Denys Williams (acting) [B](b. 1929)[/B] [B] 1 Jun 1996 - [/B] Sir Clifford Husbands [B] (b. 1926)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Premiers[/SIZE] [B] 1 Feb 1954 - 17 Apr 1958[/B] Grantley Herbert Adams (from 1957, Sir Grantley Herbert Adams) [B](b. 1898 - d. 1971)[/B] [B]17 Apr 1958 - 8 Dec 1961[/B] Hugh Gordon Cummins [B](b. 1891 - d. 1970)[/B] [B] 8 Dec 1961 - 18 Nov 1966[/B] Errol Barrow [B](b. 1920 - d. 1987)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]18 Nov 1966 - 8 Sep 1976[/B] Errol Barrow (1st time) (s.a.) [B] 8 Sep 1976 - 11 Mar 1985 [/B] J.M.G. Adams [B](b. 1931 - d. 1985)[/B] [B]11 Mar 1985 - 29 May 1986[/B] Bernard St. John [B](b. 1931 - d. 2004)[/B] [B]29 May 1986 - 1 Jun 1987[/B] Errol Barrow (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 1 Jun 1987 - 7 Sep 1994 [/B] Erskine Sandiford [B](b. 1937)[/B][B] 7 Sep 1994 - 16 Jan 2008 [/B] Owen Arthur [B] (b. 1949)[/B][B]16 Jan 2008 - [/B] David Thompson [B](b. 1961)[/B] |
Belarus
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Red"]Bela[/COLOR][COLOR="SeaGreen"]rus[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://www1.ocn.ne.jp/~infinite/images/Belarus.gif[/IMG] [B]21 Feb 1918 - 9 Dec 1918[/B] German occupation [B] 9 Mar 1918 [/B] Belorussian Republic declared [B]25 Mar 1918 [/B] independence declared (Belorussian People's Republic), not recognized by Germany [B]10 Dec 1918 [/B] Russian control reestablished [B] 1 Jan 1919 [/B] Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic [B]27 Feb 1919[/B] part of "Litbel" (Lithuanian-Belorussian S.S.R.) (see under Lithuania) [B] 1 Sep 1919[/B] Polish occupation[COLOR="Orange"]¹[/COLOR] [B]Jul 1920 [/B] Russian occupation[COLOR="orange"]¹[/COLOR] [B] 1 Aug 1920 [/B] Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic [B]30 Dec 1922 [/B] founding component of Soviet Union (see Soviet republics) [B]25 Aug 1991 [/B] independence declared [B]19 Sep 1991 [/B] Republic of Belarus (use of "Belorussian S.S.R." allowed until 1993) [B]25 Dec 1991 [/B] final independence (dissolution of the Soviet Union) [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Rada[/SIZE] [B]18 Mar 1918 - May 1918[/B] Ivan Mikitavich Syerada [B](b. 1879 - d. af.1943)[/B] [B] May 1918 - Jun 1918[/B] Pavel Pavlavich Alyaksyuk [B](b. 1892 - d. 19...)[/B] [B] Jun 1918 - 3 Dec 1918[/B] Iosif Yuryevich Lyosik ([B]b. 1884 - d. 1940)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Workers-and-Peasants' Soviet Government[/SIZE] [B]1 Jan 1919 - 4 Feb 1919[/B] Dzmitryi Fyodaravich Zhylunovich [B](b. 1887 - d. 1937)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee[/SIZE][B] 4 Feb 1919 - 27 Feb 1919[/B] Alyaksandr Fyodaravich Myasnikou [B](b. 1886 - d. 1925)[/B] [B]13 Dec 1919 - 1920[/B] Pyotr Krecheuski [B](b. 1879 - d. 1928)[/B] (chairman Rada)[COLOR="orange"]¹[/COLOR] [B]Dec 1919 - Jul 1920[/B] Ivan Mikitavich Syerada[COLOR="orange"]¹ [/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]1 Aug 1920 - 8 Mar 1937[/B] Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Charvyakou [B](b. 1892 - d. 1937)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Rada (in exile)[/SIZE] [B] Nov 1920 - 8 Mar 1928[/B] Pyotr Krecheuski (s.a.) [B]8 Mar 1928 - 6 Mar 1943[/B] Vasil Zakharka [B](b. 1877 - d. 1943)[/B] [B]6 Mar 1943 - 29 May 1970[/B] Mikalay Abramchyk [B](b. 1903 - d. 1970)[/B] [B]May 1970 - Nov 1982[/B] Vikentsiy Zhuk-Hryshkyevich [B](b. 1903 - d. 1989)[/B] [B]Nov 1982 - 1997 [/B] Jazep Sazhych [B](b. 1917 - d. 2007)[/B] [B] 1997[/B] Barys Ragula (acting) [B](b. 1920 - d. 2005)[/B] [B] 1997 -[/B] Ivonka Survilla (f) [B](b. 1936)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet[/SIZE] [B]18 Sep 1991 - 26 Jan 1994 [/B] Stanislau Shushkevich [B](b. 1934)[/B] [B]26 Jan 1994 - 28 Jan 1994[/B] Vyachaslau Kuznyatsou (acting) [B](b. 1947)[/B] [B]28 Jan 1994 - 20 Jul 1994[/B] Myechyslau Hryb [B](b. 1938)[/B] [SIZE="4"]President[/SIZE][B]20 Jul 1994 - [/B] Alyaksandr Lukashenka [B](b. 1954)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the People's Secretariat[/SIZE] [B] 9 Mar 1918 - May 1918[/B] Jazep Varonka [B](b. 1891 - d. 1952)[/B] [B]May 1918 - Jun 1918 [/B] Raman Skirmunt [B](b. 1868 - d. af.1939)[/B] [B]Jun 1918[/B] Ivan Mikitavich Syerada (s.a.) [B]Jun 1918 - Oct 1918[/B] Anton Luckievich [B](b. 1884 - d. 1942)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (from 1920 in exile)[/SIZE] [B]Oct 1918 - 13 Dec 1919[/B] Anton Luckievich (s.a.) [B]13 Dec 1919 - 23 Aug 1923[/B] Vaclau Lastouski [B](b. 1883 - d. 1938)[/B] [B]23 Aug 1923 - Oct 1925[/B] Alyaksandr Tsvikievich [B](b. 1888 - d. 1937)[/B] [B] Oct 1925 - 6 Mar 1943[/B] Vasil Zakharka (s.a.) [B]6 Mar 1943 - 21 Jun 1948[/B] Mikalay Abramchyk (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars[/SIZE] [B]1 Aug 1920 - 17 Mar 1924[/B] Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Charvyakou (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Chairman of the Council of Ministers[/SIZE] [B] 7 Apr 1990 - 21 Jul 1994[/B] Vyachaslau Kebich [B](b. 1936)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]21 Jul 1994 - 18 Nov 1996 [/B] Mikhail Chyhir [B](b. 1948)[/B] [B]18 Nov 1996 - 18 Feb 2000[/B] Syarhey Linh [B] (b. 1937)[/B] (acting to 19 Feb 1997) [B]18 Feb 2000 - 1 Oct 2001[/B] Uladzimir Yarmoshyn [B](b. 1942)[/B] (acting to 14 Mar 2000) [B] 1 Oct 2001 - 10 Jul 2003[/B] Henadz Navitski [B] (b. 1949)[/B] (acting to 10 Oct 2001) [B]10 Jul 2003 - [/B] Syarhey Sidorski [B](b. 1954)[/B] (acting to 19 Dec 2003) [COLOR="Orange"]¹During Polish and Russian occupation, there were two rebel revivals in part of the country of the Belorussian People's Republic.[/COLOR] |
Belgium
[SIZE="5"]Bel[COLOR="Yellow"]gi[/COLOR][COLOR="Red"]um[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://alainsaffel.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/flag-and-map-of-belgium-300x247.png[/IMG] [B]1556 [/B] Spanish Netherlands [B]1713[/B] Austrian Netherlands [B]11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790[/B] United Belgian States in revolt against Habsburg rule [B] 1 Oct 1795 [/B] annexed to France [B]15 Feb 1814 [/B] Belgian territory separated from France (Gouvernement-général de la Belgique) [B]12 May 1815[/B] incorporation of the Belgian lands and Liège into the Kingdom of the Netherlands [B] 4 Oct 1830 [/B] independence proclaimed (Belgium) [B] 7 Feb 1831 [/B] Kingdom of Belgium [B] 4 Aug 1914 - 11 Nov 1918[/B] occupied by Germany [B]10 May 1940 - 3 Sep 1944[/B] occupied by Germany [SIZE="4"]Presidents of the Sovereign Congress[/SIZE] [B]11 Jan 1790 - 1790[/B] François de Nélis [B](b. 1736 - d. 1798)[/B] [B] 8 Nov 1790 - 1790[/B] Hendrik Herman Werner Frans Anton van Crumpipen [B](b. 1738 - d. 1811)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors-general (on behalf of the Allied Powers)[/SIZE] [B]15 Feb 1814 - 18 Feb 1814[/B] Eugène Jean Baptiste, comte de Robiano (acting) [B](b. 1741 - d. 1820)[/B] [B]18 Feb 1814 - 23 Mar 1814[/B] Frédéric Auguste Alexandre, duc de Beaufort-Spontin [B](b. 1751 - d. 1817)[/B] [B]23 Mar 1814 - 5 May 1814[/B] Baron von Horst [B] 5 May 1814 - 1 Aug 1814[/B] Charles, baron de Vincent = Karl Freiherr von Vincent [B](b. 1757 - d. 1834)[/B] (Gouverneur-général militaire de la Belgique et du pays de Liège) [B] 1 Aug 1814 - 12 May 1815[/B] Willem van Oranje-Nassau [B](b. 1772 - d. 1843)[/B] declined to serve in person and designated a Lieutenant: Godert Alexander Gerard Philip, baron van der Capellen, heer van Berkenwoude en Agterbroek [B](b. 1778 - d. 1848)[/B] [B]24 Sep 1830 - 25 Feb 1831[/B] Administrative Commission (from 26 Sep 1830, Provisional Government) - Emmanuel van der Linden, baron d'Hooghvorst [B] (b. 1782 - d. 1866)[/B] (to 12 Nov 1830) - Charles Rogier [B] (b. 1800 - d. 1885)[/B] (signs as chairman on 25 Sep 1830, but never again) - Félix, comte de Mérode [B](b. 1791 - d. 1857)[/B] (from 26 Sep 1830) - Alexandre Gendebien [B] (b. 1789 - d. 1869)[/B] (from 26 Sep 1830) - Sylvain Van de Weyer [B](b. 1802 - d. 1874)[/B] (from 26 Sep 1830) - André Édouard Jolly [B](b. 1799 - d. 1883)[/B] - Feuillen Charles Marie Joseph, baron de Coppin de Falaën [B](b. 1800 - d. 1887)[/B] - Joseph van der Linden [B](b. 1764 - d. 18...)[/B] - Louis de Potter [B](b. 1786 - d. 1859)[/B] (28 Sep - 13 Nov 1830) - Jean Nicolay [B](b. ... - d. 1842)[/B] (25 Sep - 10 Oct 1830) [SIZE="4"]Regent[/SIZE] 25 Feb 1831 - 21 Jul 1831 Érasme Louis, baron Surlet de Chokier [B](b. 1769 - d. 1839)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Kings¹[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- Saxe-Cobourg et -Gotha (Wettin) dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]21 Jul 1831 - 10 Dec 1865[/B] Léopold I [B](b. 1790 - d. 1865)[/B] [B]10 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1865[/B] Charles Rogier (s.a.) (acting head of state) [B]17 Dec 1865 - 17 Dec 1909[/B] Léopold II [B](b. 1835 - d. 1909)[/B] [B]17 Dec 1909 - 23 Dec 1909[/B] Frans Schollaert [B](b. 1851 - d. 1917)[/B] (acting head of state) [B]23 Dec 1909 - 17 Feb 1934 [/B] Albert I [B](b. 1875 - d. 1934)[/B] [B]26 Aug 1914 - 16 Dec 1914 [/B] Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz [B](b. 1843 - d. 1916)[/B] (governor-general) [B]16 Dec 1914 - 18 Apr 1917[/B] Moritz Ferdinand Freiherr von Bissing (governor-general) [B] (b. 1844 - d. 1917)[/B] [B]17 May 1917 - 11 Nov 1918[/B] Ludwig Freiherr von Falkenhausen [B](b. 1844 - d. 1936)[/B] (governor-general) [B]17 Feb 1934 - 23 Feb 1934 [/B] Charles, comte de Broqueville [B](b. 1860 - d. 1940)[/B] (acting head of state) [B]23 Feb 1934 - 16 Jul 1951[/B] Léopold III [B](b. 1901 - d. 1983)[/B] (German prisoner 28 May 1940 - 8 May 1945; in exile in Switzerland 8 May 1945 - 22 Jul 1950) [B]20 May 1940 - 18 Jul 1944[/B] Alexander von Falkenhausen [B](b. 1878 - d. 1966)[/B] (military governor for occupied Netherlands and Belgium to 29 May 1940, then for Belgium and northern France) [B]18 Jul 1944 - 1944 [/B] Joseph Grohé (Reichskommissar) [B](b. 1902 - d. 1988)[/B] [B]20 Sep 1944 - 20 Jul 1950[/B] Charles (regent) [B](b. 1903 - d. 1983)[/B] [B]11 Aug 1950 - 16 Jul 1951[/B] Baudouin (regent) [B](b. 1930 - d. 1993)[/B] [B]16 Jul 1951 - 17 Jul 1951[/B] Joseph Pholien ([B]b. 1884 - d. 1968)[/B] (acting head of state) [B]17 Jul 1951 - 31 Jul 1993[/B] Baudouin I (s.a.) (declared incapacitated at his own request, 4-5 Apr 1990) [B] 4 Apr 1990 - 5 Apr 1990[/B] Wilfried Martens [B](b. 1936)[/B] (acting head of state) [B]31 Jul 1993 - 9 Aug 1993[/B] Jean-Luc Dehaene [B](b. 1940)[/B] (acting head of state) [B] 9 Aug 1993 - [/B] Albert II [B](b. 1934)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime minister[/SIZE] [B]11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790[/B] Hendrik van der Noot [B](b. 1731 - d. 1827)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Cabinet chiefs[/SIZE] [B]26 Feb 1831 - 27 Feb 1831[/B] Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella (1st time) [COLOR="Magenta"]Lib [/COLOR][COLOR="magenta"][/COLOR] [B](b. 1790 - d. 1873)[/B] [B]27 Feb 1831 - 10 Mar 1831[/B] Étienne Constantin de Gerlache [COLOR="DarkOrange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1785 - d. 1871)[/B] [B]10 Mar 1831 - 23 Mar 1831 [/B] Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella (2nd time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]23 Mar 1831 - 3 Aug 1831[/B] Étienne Noël Joseph, chevalier de Sauvage [COLOR="magenta"] Lib [/COLOR] [B](b. 1789 - d. 1867)[/B] [B] 3 Aug 1831 - 12 Nov 1831[/B] Charles Marie de Brouckère (1st time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1796 - d. 1860)[/B] [B]12 Nov 1831 - 26 Mar 1832 [/B] Félix Armand de Mûelenaere [COLOR="magenta"] Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1794 - d. 1862)[/B] [B]26 Mar 1832 - 17 Sep 1832[/B] Charles Marie de Brouckère (2nd time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]17 Sep 1832 - 20 Oct 1832[/B] Albert Joseph Goblet d'Alviella (3rd time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]20 Oct 1832 - 4 Aug 1834 [/B] Joseph Lebeau (1st time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1794 - d. 1865)[/B] [B] 4 Aug 1834 - 18 Apr 1840 [/B] Barthélemy Théodore, chevalier de Theux de Meylandt (1st time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1794 - d. 1874)[/B] [B]18 Apr 1840 - 13 Apr 1841[/B] Joseph Lebeau (2nd time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]13 Apr 1841 - 30 Jul 1845[/B] Jean Baptiste Nothomb [COLOR="magenta"] Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1805 - d. 1881)[/B] [B]30 Jul 1845 - 31 Mar 1846[/B] Sylvain Van de Weyer [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]31 Mar 1846 - 12 Aug 1847[/B] Barthélemy Théodore, comte de Theux de Meylandt (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]12 Aug 1847 - 31 Oct 1852[/B] Charles Rogier (1st time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]31 Oct 1852 - 30 Mar 1855 [/B] Henri de Brouckère [COLOR="magenta"] Lib [/COLOR] [B](b. 1801 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]30 Mar 1855 - 9 Nov 1857 [/B] Pierre Jacques François De Decker [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1812 - d. 1891)[/B] [B] 9 Nov 1857 - 3 Jan 1868[/B] Charles Rogier (2nd time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib [/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]3 Jan 1868 - 2 Jul 1870[/B] Walthère Frère-Orban (1st time) [COLOR="magenta"] Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1812 - d. 1896)[/B] [B] 2 Jul 1870 - 7 Dec 1871[/B] Jules Joseph, baron d'Anethan [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1803 - d. 1888)[/B] [B]7 Dec 1871 - 19 Jun 1878[/B] Jules Malou (1st time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1810 - d. 1886)[/B] [B]19 Jun 1878 - 16 Jun 1884[/B] Walthère Frère-Orban (2nd time) [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]16 Jun 1884 - 26 Oct 1884[/B] Jules Malou (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]26 Oct 1884 - 26 Mar 1894[/B] Auguste Marie François Beernaert [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1829 - d. 1912)[/B] [B]26 Mar 1894 - 25 Feb 1896[/B] Jules Philippe Marie de Burlet [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1844 - d. 1897)[/B] [B]25 Feb 1896 - 24 Jan 1899[/B] Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1st time) [COLOR="darkorange"] Cat [/COLOR] [B](b. 1843 - d. 1913)[/B] [B]24 Jan 1899 - 5 Aug 1899 [/B] Julius Vandenpeereboom [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1843 - d. 1917)[/B] [B] 5 Aug 1899 - 2 May 1907[/B] Paul de Smet de Naeyer (from 1900, Paul, comte de Smet de Naeyer) (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 2 May 1907 - 31 Dec 1907 [/B] Jules de Trooz [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1857 - d. 1907)[/B] [B] 9 Jan 1908 - 17 Jun 1911[/B] Frans Schollaert [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]17 Jun 1911 - 31 May 1918[/B] Charles, baron de Broqueville [COLOR="DarkOrange"]Cat[/COLOR] (s.a.) (from Aug 1914 in France exile) [B]Aug 1914 - Jul 1917 [/B] Maximilian von Sandt [B](b. 1861 - d. 1918)[/B] (chief of civil administration) [B]31 May 1918 - 21 Nov 1918 [/B] Geraard Cooreman [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat [/COLOR] [B](b. 1852 - d. 1926)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B]21 Nov 1918 - 20 Nov 1920[/B] Léon Delacroix [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1867 - d. 1929)[/B] [B]20 Nov 1920 - 16 Dec 1921[/B] Henri Carton de Wiart [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1869 - d. 1951)[/B] [B]16 Dec 1921 - 13 May 1925[/B] Georges Theunis (1st time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1873 - d. 1966)[/B] [B]13 May 1925 - 17 Jun 1925 [/B] Aloys van de Vyvere [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1871 - d. 1961)[/B] [B]17 Jun 1925 - 20 May 1926[/B] Prosper, vicomte Poullet [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1868 - d. 1937)[/B] [B]20 May 1926 - 6 Jun 1931[/B] Henri Jaspar [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1870 - d. 1939)[/B] [B] 6 Jun 1931 - 22 Oct 1932[/B] Jules Renkin [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat [/COLOR] [B](b. 1862 - d. 1934)[/B] [B]22 Oct 1932 - 20 Nov 1934[/B] Charles, comte de Broqueville [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]20 Nov 1934 - 25 Mar 1935[/B] Georges Theunis (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat [/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]25 Mar 1935 - 24 Nov 1937[/B] Paul van Zeeland [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat [/COLOR] [B](b. 1893 - d. 1973)[/B] [B]24 Nov 1937 - 15 May 1938[/B] Paul Emile Janson [COLOR="magenta"]Lib[/COLOR] [B](b. 1872 - d. 1944)[/B] [B]15 May 1938 - 20 Feb 1939 [/B] Paul-Henri Spaak (1st time) [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] [B](b. 1899 - d. 1972)[/B] [B]22 Feb 1939 - 12 Feb 1945 [/B] Hubert Pierlot [COLOR="darkorange"]Cat[/COLOR] [B](b. 1883 - d. 1963)[/B] (25 May 1940 - 8 Sep 1944 in exile [first in France, from 25 Oct 1940 in London]) [B]12 Feb 1945 - 13 Mar 1946[/B] Achille Van Acker (1st time) [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc [/COLOR] [B](b. 1898 - d. 1975)[/B] [B]13 Mar 1946 - 31 Mar 1946 [/B] Paul-Henri Spaak (2nd time) [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]31 Mar 1946 - 3 Aug 1946 [/B] Achille Van Acker (2nd time) [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 3 Aug 1946 - 20 Mar 1947 [/B] Camille Huysmans [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] [B](b. 1871 - d. 1968)[/B] [B]20 Mar 1947 - 11 Aug 1949 [/B] Paul-Henri Spaak (3rd time) [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]11 Aug 1949 - 8 Jun 1950 [/B] Gaston Eyskens (1st time) [COLOR="DarkRed"]S-C[/COLOR] [B](b. 1905 - d. 1988)[/B] [B] 8 Jun 1950 - 15 Aug 1950 [/B] Jean Duvieusart [COLOR="darkred"]S-C[/COLOR] [B](b. 1900 - d. 1977)[/B] [B]15 Aug 1950 - 15 Jan 1952[/B] Joseph Pholien [COLOR="darkred"]S-C[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]15 Jan 1952 - 23 Apr 1954 [/B] Jean Van Houtte [COLOR="DarkRed"] S-C [/COLOR] [B](b. 1907 - d. 1991)[/B] [B]23 Apr 1954 - 26 Jun 1958[/B] Achille Van Acker (3rd time) [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]26 Jun 1958 - 25 Apr 1961[/B] Gaston Eyskens (2nd time) [COLOR="darkred"]S-C [/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]25 Apr 1961 - 28 Jul 1965[/B] Théo Lefèvre [COLOR="darkred"]S-C[/COLOR] [B](b. 1914 - d. 1973)[/B] [B]28 Jul 1965 - 19 Mar 1966[/B] Pierre Harmel [COLOR="darkred"]S-C[/COLOR] [B](b. 1911)[/B] [B]19 Mar 1966 - 17 Jun 1968[/B] Paul Vanden Boeynants (1st time) [COLOR="DarkRed"]S-C[/COLOR] (b. 1919 - d. 2001) [B]17 Jun 1968 - 26 Jan 1973 [/B] Gaston Eyskens (3rd time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]CVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]26 Jan 1973 - 25 Apr 1974 [/B] Edmond Leburton [COLOR="RoyalBlue"]Soc[/COLOR] [B](b. 1915 - d. 1997)[/B] [B]25 Apr 1974 - 20 Oct 1978 [/B] Léo Tindemans [COLOR="darkorchid"]CVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1922)[/B] [B]20 Oct 1978 - 3 Apr 1979 [/B] Paul Vanden Boeynants (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]CVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 3 Apr 1979 - 6 Apr 1981[/B] Wilfried Martens (1st time) [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]CVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 6 Apr 1981 - 17 Dec 1981[/B] Mark Eyskens [COLOR="darkorchid"]CVP[/COLOR] [B](b. 1933)[/B] [B]17 Dec 1981 - 7 Mar 1992[/B] Wilfried Martens (2nd time) [COLOR="darkorchid"]CVP [/COLOR] (s.a.) [B] 7 Mar 1992 - 12 Jul 1999 [/B] Jean-Luc Dehaene [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]CVP[/COLOR] (s.a.) [B]12 Jul 1999 - 20 Mar 2008[/B] Guy Verhofstadt [COLOR="MediumTurquoise"]VLD[/COLOR] [B](b. 1953)[/B] [B]20 Mar 2008 - 30 Dec 2008 [/B] Yves Leterme [COLOR="green"]CD&V[/COLOR] [B](b. 1960)[/B] [B]30 Dec 2008 - [/B] Herman Van Rompuy [COLOR="Green"]CD&V[/COLOR] [B](b. 1947)[/B] [COLOR="Red"]Party abbreviations: [/COLOR][COLOR="DarkOrange"]Cat[/COLOR]=Catholic, [COLOR="Green"]CD&V[/COLOR]=Christian Democratic and Flemish, [COLOR="DarkOrchid"]CVP[/COLOR]=Christian People's Party, [COLOR="Magenta"]Lib[/COLOR]=Liberal, [COLOR="Navy"]Soc[/COLOR]=Socialist, [COLOR="DarkRed"]S-C[/COLOR]=Social-Christian, [COLOR="MediumTurquoise"]VLD[/COLOR]=Flemish Liberals and Democrats-Citizens Party [COLOR="DarkOliveGreen"]¹Title Roi des Belges (French); Koning der Belgen (Dutch); König der Belgier (German) ("king of the Belgians"). Under the constitution of the Kingdom of Belgium there was initially no official language, but French was legally authoritative; French and Dutch became official jointly from 8 Aug 1898, joined by German from 23 Oct 1991. [/COLOR] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Bouillon[/SIZE] [B]25 Oct 1795 [/B] annexed to France [B]30 May 1814 - 1 Jan 1815[/B] Allied administration (see Belgium, above) [B]Mar 1815 [/B] French occupation [B]22 Jul 1815 [/B] part of Luxembourg [B] 1831 [/B] part of Belgium [SIZE="4"]Dukes[/SIZE] [SIZE="3"]- La Tour d'Auvergne dynasty -[/SIZE] [B]31 Jan 1696 - 16 May 1730[/B] Emmanuel-Théodose [B](b. 1668 - d. 1730)[/B] [B]16 May 1730 - 24 Oct 1771 [/B] Charles-Godefroy [B](b. 1706 - d. 1771)[/B] [B]24 Oct 1771 - 3 Dec 1792[/B] Godefroy-Charles-Henri [B](b. 1728 - d. 1792)[/B] [B] 3 Dec 1792 - 24 Apr 1794 [/B] Jacques-Léopold-Charles-Godefroy [B](b. 1746 - d. 1802)[/B] [B]24 Apr 1794 - 25 Oct 1795 [/B] Committee of Execution - Claude-Pierre Jobard - Remacle Poncelet - François-Gérard Pirson - Pierre Castilhon - Rénéaume-Latache - Dominique Millard - Jean-Joseph Nannan [B] 1 Jan 1815 - Mar 1815 [/B] Philippe [B](b. 1754 - d. 1816)[/B] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Liège[/SIZE] [B] 343[/B] traditional date of founding of the bishopric of Liège [B] 14 Apr 972[/B] the bishop becomes a prince of the Reich, an immediate vassal of the king [B]28 Nov 1792 - 4 Mar 1793 [/B] occupied by France [B] 8 May 1793 [/B] the French National Convention decrees the incorporation of Liège into France (ineffective at the time) [B]27 Jul 1794 [/B] occupied by France, and treated as if incorporated, together with the Belgian provinces [B] 1 Oct 1795 [/B] formal annexation to France; thereafter Liège undergoes the same developments as the rest of Belgium [SIZE="4"]Prince-bishops (title Prince-évêque de Liège, comte de Looz, marquis de Franchimont, etc.)[/SIZE] [B]25 Oct 1694 - 12 Nov 1723 [/B] Joseph-Clément, duc de Bavière [B] (b. 1671 - d. 1723)[/B] [B] 7 Dec 1724 - 5 Dec 1743[/B] Georges II Louis de Berghes [B](b. 1662 - d. 1743)[/B] [B]10 Mar 1744 - 27 Jan 1763[/B] Jean XI Théodore, duc de Bavière [B](b. 1703 - d. 1763)[/B] [B]8 Apr 1763 - 22 Oct 1771[/B] Charles-Nicolas-Alexandre, comte d'Oultremont [B](b. 1716 - d. 1771)[/B] [B]14 Mar 1772 - 30 Apr 1784[/B] François-Charles, comte de Vellbrueck [B](b. 1719 - d. 1784)[/B] [B]15 Aug 1784 - 13 Sep 1790[/B] César-Constantin-François, comte de Hoensbroek (1st time) [B](b. 1724 - d. 1792)[/B] [B]13 Sep 1790 - 10 Jan 1791[/B] Ferdinand-Maximilien Mériadec de Rohan, prince de Guémenée, archevêque de Cambrai (regent) [B](b. 1738 - d. 1813)[/B] [B]11 Jan 1791 - 3 Jun 1792 [/B] César-Constantin-François, comte de Hoensbroek (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 3 Jun 1792 - 16 Aug 1792[/B] Alexandre-Constantin-Joseph de Nassau, comte de Corroy [B](b. 1738 - d. 1804)[/B] (Grand Dean of the Cathedral Chapter) [B]16 Aug 1792 - 28 Nov 1792[/B] François-Antoine-Marie-Constantin, comte de Méan et de Beaurieux (1st time) [B] (b. 1756 - d. 1817)[/B] [B]5 Mar 1793 - 21 Apr 1793[/B] Friedrich Josias, Prinz von und zu Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld [B](b. 1737 - d. 1815)[/B] (imperial administrator) [B]21 Apr 1793 - 20 Jul 1794[/B] François-Antoine-Marie-Constantin, comte de Méan et de Beaurieux (2nd time) (s.a.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Limburg[/SIZE] [B]1106[/B] Duchy of Limburg [B]10 Dec 1703[/B] the Austrian Habsburg rulers become Dukes of [SIZE="4"]Limburg[/SIZE] [B]11 Jan 1790 - 2 Dec 1790[/B] part of the United Belgian States [B]15 Dec 1792[/B] annexed to France [B]28 Apr 1793 [/B] Habsburg rule restored [B] 1 Oct 1795 [/B] annexed to France (Ourthe département) [B]15 Feb 1814[/B] part of the "Belgian" Netherlands (province of Liège) [B] 4 Oct 1830 [/B] part of Belgium (province of Liège) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Neutral Moresnet[/SIZE] [B]26 Jun 1816 [/B] part of Moresnet, claimed by both The Netherlands and Prussia, is "temporarily neutralized" and put under a common administration [B]1830 [/B] Belgium replaces Netherlands as claimant and [SIZE="4"]administrator[/SIZE] [B]27 Jun 1915 [/B] administration by Prussia only [B]Nov 1918 [/B] administration by Belgium only [B]10 Jan 1920 [/B] annexed to Belgium [SIZE="4"]Netherlands royal commissioners[/SIZE] 8 Dec 1817 - 2 Dec 1823 Werner Jacob 2 Dec 1823 - 1830 Joseph Brandès [SIZE="4"]Belgian royal commissioners[/SIZE] [B] 8 Jun 1835 - 1840[/B] Lambert Ernst [B](b. 1798 - d. 1871)[/B] [B] 1 Feb 1840 - 1889[/B] Mathieu Crémer [B](b. 1805 - d. 1889)[/B] [B]30 Nov 1889 - 27 Mar 1915[/B] Fernand Jacques Bleyfuesz (1st time) [B](b. 1858 - d. 1935)[/B] [B]27 Mar 1915 - 27 Jun 1915[/B] Bayer (acting) [B]Nov 1918 - 10 Jan 1920 [/B] Fernand Jacques Bleyfuesz (2nd time) (s.a.) [SIZE="4"]Prussian royal commissioners[/SIZE] [B]6 Aug 1817 - 1819[/B] Wilhelm Hardt [B]22 Apr 1819 - Mar 1836[/B] Johann Martin Daniel Mayer [B](b. ... - d. 1836)[/B] [B] 9 Jul 1836 - 9 Nov 1853[/B] Heinrich Martins [B]11 Aug 1852 - 7 Jan 1866[/B] Amand Pierre von Harenne [B](b. 1813 - d. 1866)[/B] (head of police administration to 16 Jan 1854) 12 Dec 1866 - 10 Jul 1867 August Freiherr von der Heydt [B](b. 1825 - d. 1867)[/B] [B]1868 - 1871[/B] Edward Gülcher [B](b. 18... - d. 1871)[/B] [B]18 Jun 1871 - 1893[/B] Alfred Theodor Sternickel [B](b. 18... - d. 1894)[/B] [B]18 Apr 1893 - 1 Jan 1909[/B] Alfred Gülcher [B]13 Jan 1909 - 1913[/B] Walter The Losen [B] 2 Nov 1913 - Nov 1918[/B] Spiess (acting) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Mayors[/SIZE] [B]1817 - 21 Feb 1859[/B] Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx [B](b. 1774 - d. 1861)[/B] (acting) [B]21 Feb 1859 - 30 May 1859[/B] Adolf Hubert van Scherpenzeel-Thim [B](b. 1824 - d. ...)[/B] [B]1 Jul 1859 - 3 Feb 1882[/B] Joseph Kohl [B]3 Feb 1882 - 20 Jun 1885[/B] ... [B]20 Jun 1885 - 15 Mar 1915[/B] Hubert Schmetz [B](b. 18... - d. 1915)[/B] [B]29 Mar 1915 - 7 Dec 1918[/B] Wilhelm Kyll [B]7 Dec 1918 - 10 Jan 1920[/B] Pierre Grignard |
Belize
[SIZE="5"][COLOR="Red"]B[/COLOR][COLOR="Blue"]eliz[/COLOR][COLOR="Red"]e[/COLOR][/SIZE]
[IMG]http://belizephonecard.com/Belize/belize_flag.jpg[/IMG] [B]1665[/B] first English settlement [B]1862[/B] crown colony (British Honduras) [B] 1 Jun 1973[/B] renamed Belize [B]21 Sep 1981 [/B] independence [SIZE="4"]Superintendents (subordinated to the governor of Jamaica)[/SIZE] [B]1749 - 1758[/B] Robert Hodgson, Sr. [B]1760 - 1767[/B] Joseph Otway [B]1767 - 1775[/B] Robert Hodgson, Jr. [B]1776[/B] John Ferguson [B]1776 - 10 Mar 1787[/B] James Lawrie [B](b. 1722 - d. c.1800)[/B] [B]1787 - Jun 1790[/B] Edward Marcus Despard [B](b. 1751 - d. 1803)[/B] [B]Jun 1790 - Mar 1791[/B] Peter Hunter [B](b. 1746 - d. 1805)[/B] [B]Mar 1791 - Jan 1797[/B] vacant [B] Jan 1797 - 1800[/B] Thomas Barrow (1st time) [B]1800 - 1802[/B] Richard Basset [B]Jan 1803 - 1805[/B] Thomas Barrow (2nd time) [B]1805 - 1806[/B] Gabriel Gordon [B]1806 - 1809[/B] Alexander Mark Kerr Hamilton [B](b. 1767 - d. 1842)[/B] [B]1809 - 1814[/B] John Nugent Smyth [B]1814 - 1822[/B] George Arthur [B](b. 1784 - d. 1854)[/B] [B]1822 - 1823[/B] A.H. Pye [B] 1823 - 1829[/B] Edward Codd [B]1829 - 1830[/B] Archibald MacDonald (1st time) [B] 1830 - 1837[/B] Francis Cockburn [B](b. 1780 - d. 1868)[/B] [B]1837 - 1843[/B] Archibald MacDonald (2nd time) [B]1843 - 1851 [/B] Charles St. John Fancourt [B](b. 1804 - d. 1875)[/B] [B]1851 - 1854 [/B] Philip Edmond Wodehouse [B](b. 1811 - d. 1887)[/B] [B]1854 - 1857[/B] William Stevenson [B]1857 - 1862 [/B] Frederick Seymour [B](b. 1820 - d. 1869)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Lieutenant governors (subordinated to the governor of Jamaica)[/SIZE] [B]1862 - 1864[/B] Frederick Seymour (s.a.) [B]1864 - 1867[/B] John Gardiner Austin [B]1867 - 1870[/B] James Robert Longden [B](b. 1827 - d. 1891)[/B] [B]1870 - 1874 [/B] William Wellington Cairns [B](b. 1828 - d. 1888)[/B] [B]1874 - 1877[/B] Robert Miller Mundy [B](b. 1813 - d. 1892)[/B] [B]1877 - 1883[/B] Frederick Palgrave Barlee [B](b. 1827 - d. 1884)[/B] [B]13 May 1883 - 1884[/B] Robert William Harley [SIZE="4"]Governors[/SIZE] [B]1884 - 1891[/B] Roger Tuckfield Goldsworthy (from 1889, Sir Roger Tuckfield Goldsworthy) [B](b. 1839 - d. 1900)[/B] [B]1891 - 1897[/B] Sir Cornelius Alfred Moloney [B](b. 1848 - d. 1913)[/B] [B]1897 - 1904[/B] David Wilson (from 1899,Sir David Wilson) [B](b. 1838 - d. 1924)[/B] [B]15 Apr 1904 - 1906 [/B] Sir Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott [B](b. 1857 - d. 1941)[/B] [B]13 Aug 1906 - 1913 [/B] Sir Eric John Eagles Swayne [B](b. 1863 - d. 1929)[/B] [B]19 May 1913 - Jan 1918[/B] Wilfred Collet (from 1915,Sir Wilfred Collet) [B](b. 1856 - d. 1929)[/B] [B]29 Jan 1918 - 4 Sep 1918[/B] William Hart Bennett [B](b. 1861 - d. 1918)[/B] [B]22 Mar 1919 - 1925 [/B] Sir Eyre Hutson [B](b. 1864 - d. 1936)[/B] [B]16 Apr 1925 - 1932 [/B] Sir John Alder Burdon [B](b. 1866 - d. 1933)[/B] [B] 9 Mar 1932 - 1934 [/B] Sir Harold Baxter Kittermaster [B](b. 1879 - d. 1939)[/B] [B] 2 Nov 1934 - 1939[/B] Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns (from 1936, Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns) [B](b. 1887 - d. 1980)[/B] [B]24 Feb 1940 - 1 Jul 1946[/B] Sir John Adams Hunter [B](b. 1890 - d. 1962)[/B] [B] 1 Jul 1946 - 14 Jan 1947[/B] Arthur Norman Wolffsohn (acting) [B](b. 1888 - d. 1967)[/B] [B]14 Jan 1947 - 1948[/B] Sir Edward Gerald Hawkesworth [B](b. 1897 - d. 1949)[/B] [B]28 Feb 1949 - 1952[/B] Ronald Herbert Garvey (from 1950, Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey) [B](b. 1903 - d. 1991)[/B] [B]21 Oct 1952 - 1955[/B] Patrick Muir Renison (from 1955, Sir Patrick Muir Renison) [B](b. 1911 - d. 1965)[/B] [B]17 Jan 1956 - 1961[/B] Colin Hardwick Thornley (from 1957, Sir Colin Hardwick Thornley) [B](b. 1907 - d. 1983)[/B] [B] 9 Dec 1961 - 1966[/B] Sir Peter Hyla Gawne Stallard [B](b. 1915 - d. 1995)[/B] [B]11 Jul 1966 - Jan 1972[/B] Sir John Warburton Paul [B](b. 1916 - d. 2004)[/B] [B]26 Jan 1972 - 1976[/B] Richard Neil Posnett [B](b. 1919 - d. 2009)[/B] [B] 1 Jun 1976 - 1980[/B] Peter Donovan McEntee [B](b. 1920 - d. 2002)[/B] [B]1980 - 21 Sep 1981 [/B] Sir James Patrick Ivan Hennessy [B](b. 1923)[/B] [SIZE="4"]Governors-general (representing the British monarch as head of state)[/SIZE] [B]21 Sep 1981 - 17 Nov 1993 [/B] Minita Gordon (from 14 Feb 1984,Dame Minita Gordon) (f) [B](b. 1930)[/B] [B]17 Nov 1993 -[/B] Colville Young (from 22 Feb 1994,Sir Colville Young) [B](b. 1932)[/B] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- [SIZE="4"]Prime ministers[/SIZE] [B] 7 Apr 1961 - 17 Dec 1984[/B] George Cadle Price (1st time) [B](b. 1919)[/B] (first minister to 1 Jan 1964) [B]17 Dec 1984 - 7 Nov 1989[/B] Manuel Esquivel (1st time) [B](b. 1940)[/B] [B] 7 Nov 1989 - 3 Jul 1993 [/B] George Cadle Price (2nd time) (s.a.) [B] 3 Jul 1993 - 28 Aug 1998[/B] Manuel Esquivel (2nd time) (s.a.) [B]28 Aug 1998 - 8 Feb 2008[/B] Said Musa [B] (b. 1944)[/B] [B] 8 Feb 2008 - [/B] Dean Barrow [B] (b. 1951)[/B] |
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