African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States





6 Jun 1975 African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States established

Secretaries-general

1976 - 1979 Tiéoulé Konaté (Mali) (b. 1933 - d. 1995)
1979 - 1984 Tom Okelo-Odongo (Kenya) (b. 1927)
1984 - 1989 Edwin W. Carrington (Trinidad and Tobago) (b. 1938)
1989 - 1994 Ghebray Berhane (Ethiopia) (b. 1938)
1994 - 1996 Carl Greenidge (Guyana) (acting)
16 Jul 1996 - 29 Feb 2000 Ng'andu Magande (Zambia) (b. 1947)
1 Mar 2000 - 28 Feb 2005 Jean-Robert Goulongana (Gabon) (b. 1953)
1 Mar 2005 - Sir John Kaputin
(Papua New Guinea) (b. 1941)

African Development Bank





Presidents

Nov 1964 - Aug 1970 Mamoun Beheiry (Sudan) (b. 1925 - d. 2002)
1970 - May 1976 Abdelwahab Labidi (Tunisia) (b. ... - d. ...)
1976 - Jul 1979 Kwame Donkoh Fordwor (Ghana) (b. 1933)
Jul 1979 - 1980 Goodall Gondwe (Malawi) (interim) (b. 1936)
1 Sep 1980 - May 1985 Wila Mung'omba (Zambia) (b. 1939)
1985 - Aug 1995 Babacar Ndiaye (Senegal)
1 Sep 1995 - 1 Sep 2005 Omar Kabbaj (Morocco) (b. 1942)
1 Sep 2005 - Donald Kaberuka (Rwanda) (b. 1951)

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

African Union





25 May 1963 Organization of African Unity
9 Jul 2002 African Union

Secretaries-general

25 May 1963 - 21 Jul 1964 Kifle Wodajo (Ethiopia) (acting) (b. 1936 - d. 2004)
21 Jul 1964 - 15 Jun 1972 Diallo Telli (Guinea) (b. 1925 - d. 1977)
15 Jun 1972 - 16 Jun 1974 Nzo Ekangaki (Cameroon) (b. 1934 - d. 2005)
16 Jun 1974 - 21 Jul 1978 William Eteki (Cameroon) (b. 1933)
21 Jul 1978 - 12 Jun 1983 Edem Kodjo (Togo) (b. 1938)
12 Jun 1983 - 20 Jul 1985 Peter Onu (Nigeria) (acting) (b. 1931 - d. 1997)
20 Jul 1985 - 19 Sep 1989 Ide Oumarou (Niger) (b. 1937 - d. 2002)
19 Sep 1989 - 17 Sep 2001 Salim Ahmed Salim (Tanzania) (b. 1942)
17 Sep 2001 - 9 Jul 2002 Amara Essy (Côte d'Ivoire) (b. 1944)

Chairmen of the Commission

9 Jul 2002 - 16 Sep 2003 Amara Essy (Côte d'Ivoire) (s.a.)
(interim)
16 Sep 2003 - 28 Apr 2008 Alpha Oumar Konaré (Mali) (b. 1946)
28 Apr 2008 - Jean Ping (Gabon) (b. 1942)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chairmen

25 May 1963 - 17 Jul 1964 Haile Selassie (Ethiopia)
(1st time) (b. 1892 - d. 1975)
17 Jul 1964 - 21 Oct 1965 Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) (b. 1918 - d. 1970)
21 Oct 1965 - 24 Feb 1966 Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) (b. 1909 - d. 1972)
24 Feb 1966 - 5 Nov 1966 Joseph Arthur Ankrah (Ghana) (b. 1915 - d. 1992)
5 Nov 1966 - 11 Sep 1967 Haile Selassie (Ethiopia)
(2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Sep 1967 - 13 Sep 1968 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Congo [K.]) (b. 1930 - d. 1997)
13 Sep 1968 - 6 Sep 1969 Houari Boumedienne (Algeria) (b. 1932? - d. 1978)
6 Sep 1969 - 1 Sep 1970 Ahmadou Ahidjo (Cameroon) (b. 1924 - d. 1989)
1 Sep 1970 - 21 Jun 1971 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia) (1st time) (b. 1924)
21 Jun 1971 - 12 Jun 1972 Moktar Ould Daddah (Mauritania) (b. 1924 - d. 2003)
12 Jun 1972 - 27 May 1973 Hassan II (Morocco) (b. 1929 - d. 1999)
27 May 1973 - 12 Jun 1974 Yakubu Gowon (Nigeria) (b. 1934)
12 Jun 1974 - 28 Jul 1975 Muhammad Siad Barre (Somalia) (b. 1919? - d. 1995)
28 Jul 1975 - 2 Jul 1976 Idi Amin (Uganda) (b. 1925? - d. 2003)
2 Jul 1976 - 2 Jul 1977 Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (Mauritius) (b. 1900 - d. 1985)
2 Jul 1977 - 18 Jul 1978 Omar Bongo (Gabon) (b. 1935 - d. 2009)
18 Jul 1978 - 12 Jul 1979 Gaafar Nimeiry (The Sudan) (b. 1930 - d. 2009)
12 Jul 1979 - 12 Apr 1980 William R. Tolbert, Jr. (Liberia) (b. 1913 - d. 1980)
28 Apr 1980 - 1 Jul 1980 Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal) (b. 1906 - d. 2001)
(acting)
1 Jul 1980 - 24 Jun 1981 Siaka Stevens (Sierra Leone) (b. 1905 - d. 1988)
24 Jun 1981 - 6 Jun 1983 Daniel arap Moi (Kenya) (b. 1924)
6 Jun 1983 - 12 Nov 1984 Mengistu Haile Mariam (Ethiopia) (b. 1937)
12 Nov 1984 - 18 Jul 1985 Julius Nyerere (Tanzania) (b. 1922 - d. 1999)
18 Jul 1985 - 28 Jul 1986 Abdou Diouf (Senegal) (1st time) (b. 1935)
28 Jul 1986 - 27 Jul 1987 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (Congo)
(1st time) (b. 1943)
27 Jul 1987 - 25 May 1988 Kenneth Kaunda (Zambia) (2nd time) (s.a.)
25 May 1988 - 24 Jul 1989 Moussa Traoré (Mali) (b. 1936)
24 Jul 1989 - 9 Jul 1990 Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (1st time) (b. 1928)
9 Jul 1990 - 3 Jun 1991 Yoweri Museveni (Uganda) (b. 1944?)
3 Jun 1991 - 29 Jun 1992 Ibrahim Babangida (Nigeria) (b. 1941)
29 Jun 1992 - 28 Jun 1993 Abdou Diouf (Senegal) (2nd time) (s.a.)
28 Jun 1993 - 13 Jun 1994 Hosni Mubarak (Egypt) (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Jun 1994 - 26 Jun 1995 Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (Tunisia) (b. 1936)
26 Jun 1995 - 8 Jul 1996 Meles Zenawi (Ethiopia) (b. 1955)
8 Jul 1996 - 2 Jun 1997 Paul Biya (Cameroon) (b. 1933)
2 Jun 1997 - 8 Jun 1998 Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe) (b. 1924)
8 Jun 1998 - 12 Jul 1999 Blaise Compaoré (Burkina Faso) (b. 1951)
12 Jul 1999 - 10 Jul 2000 Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria) (b. 1937)
10 Jul 2000 - 9 Jul 2001 Gnassingbé Eyadéma (Togo) (b. 1937 - d. 2005)
9 Jul 2001 - 2 Jan 2002 Frederick Chiluba (Zambia) (b. 1943)
2 Jan 2002 - 9 Jul 2002 Levy Mwanawasa (Zambia) (b. 1948 - d. 2008)
9 Jul 2002 - 10 Jul 2003 Thabo Mbeki (South Africa) (b. 1942)
10 Jul 2003 - 6 Jul 2004 Joaquim Chissano (Mozambique) (b. 1939)
6 Jul 2004 - 24 Jan 2006 Olusegun Obasanjo (Nigeria) (b. 1937)
24 Jan 2006 - 29 Jan 2007 Denis Sassou-Nguesso (Congo [B.])
(2nd time) (s.a.)
29 Jan 2007 - 31 Jan 2008 John Agyekum Kufuor (Ghana) (b. 1938)
31 Jan 2008 - 2 Feb 2009 Jakaya Kikwete (Tanzania) (b. 1950)
2 Feb 2009 - Muammar al-Qaddafi (Libya) (b. 1942)

Presidents of the Pan-African Parliament

18 Mar 2004 - 29 May 2009 Gertrude Ibengwe Mongella (f) (Tanzania) (b. 1955)
29 May 2009 - Idriss Ndele Moussa (Chad) (b. 1959)



AU membership

25 May 1963 Algeria, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville) , Congo (Léopoldville)1, Dahomey2, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea3, Ivory Coast4, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar5, Mali, Mauritania6, Morocco7, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, The Sudan, Tanganyika8, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Upper Volta9, Zanzibar7

13 Dec 1963 Kenya
13 Jul 1964 Malawi
16 Dec 1964 Zambia
Oct 1965 The Gambia
31 Oct 1966 Botswana, Lesotho
Aug 1968 Mauritius
24 Sep 1968 Swaziland
12 Oct 1968 Equatorial Guinea
19 Nov 1973 Guinea-Bissau
11 Feb 1975 Angola
18 Jul 1975 Cape Verde, Comoros, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe
29 Jun 1976 Seychelles
27 Jun 1977 Djibouti
Jun 1980 Zimbabwe
22 Feb 1982 Saharan Arab Democratic Republic
Jun 1990 Namibia
24 May 1993 Eritrea
6 Jun 1994 South Africa


1 1966-71 and from 1997 CongoKinshasa[/COLOR]);1971-97Zaire. 2From 1975 Benin 3Suspended from 29 Dec 2008. 4From 1985 Côte d'Ivoire. 5Suspended Dec 2001 - 10 Jul 2003 and from 20 Mar 2009. 6Suspended 4 Aug 2005 - 10 Apr 2007 and from 9 Aug 2008. 7Withdrew 12 Nov 1984. 8Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged in 1964 to form Tanzania. 9From 1984 Burkina Faso.

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Andean Community





26 May 1969 Andean Pact established
10 Mar 1996 renamed Andean Community

Secretaries-general

1 Aug 1997 - 7 Aug 2002 Sebastián Alegrett (Venezuela) (b. 1942 - d. 2002)
19 Sep 2002 - 15 Jan 2004 Guillermo Fernández de Soto (Colombia) (b. 1953)
15 Jan 2004 - 28 Jul 2006 Allan Wagner Tizón (Peru) (b. 1942)
28 Jul 2006 - 1 Feb 2007 Alfredo Fuentes Hernández (Colombia) (acting)
1 Feb 2007 - Freddy Ehlers (Ecuador) (b. 1945)


Andean Community membership
26 May 1969 Bolivia, Chile1, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
13 Feb 1973 Venezuela2

1Withdrew 30 Oct 1976. 2Withdrew 22 Apr 2006.

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Antarctic Treaty





23 Jun 1961 Antarctic Treaty comes into effect

Executive secretary

1 Sep 2004 - Jan Huber (Netherlands)

Antarctic Treaty membership

23 Jun 1961 Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Soviet Union1, United Kingdom, United States

14 Jun 1962 Czechoslovakia2
20 May 1965 Denmark
30 Mar 1967 The Netherlands
15 Sep 1971 Romania
19 Nov 1974 East Germany3
16 May 1975 Brazil
11 Sep 1978 Bulgaria
5 Feb 1979 West Germany3
11 Jan 1980 Uruguay
16 Mar 1981 Papua New Guinea
18 Mar 1981 Italy
10 Apr 1981 Peru
31 Mar 1982 Spain
8 Jun 1983 China
19 Aug 1983 India
27 Jan 1984 Hungary
24 Apr 1984 Sweden
15 May 1984 Finland
16 Aug 1984 Cuba
28 Nov 1986 South Korea
8 Jan 1987 Greece
21 Jan 1987 North Korea
25 Aug 1987 Austria
15 Sep 1987 Ecuador
4 May 1988 Canada
31 Jan 1989 Colombia
15 Nov 1990 Switzerland
31 Jul 1991 Guatemala
28 Oct 1992 Ukraine
25 Jan 1996 Turkey
24 May 1999 Venezuela
17 May 2001 Estonia
27 Dec 2006 Belarus
30 May 2008 Monaco


1Dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia. 2From 1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic and Slovakia. 3East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Arab League





22 Mar 1945 League of Arab States (Arab League) founded

Secretaries-general

22 Mar 1945 - Sep 1952 Abdel Rahman Azzam (from 27 Dec 1945, Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha)
(Egypt) (b. 1893 - d. 1976)
Sep 1952 - 1 Jun 1972 Abdel Khaliq Hassuna (Egypt) (b. 1898 - d. 1992)
1 Jun 1972 - Mar 1979 Mahmoud Riad (Egypt) (b. 1917 - d. 1992)
Mar 1979 - Sep 1990 Chedli Klibi (Tunisia) (b. 1925)
Sep 1990 - 15 May 1991 Assad al-Assad (Lebanon) (acting) (b. 1920)
15 May 1991 - 15 May 2001 Esmat Abdel Meguid (Egypt) (b. 1923)
15 May 2001 - Amr Moussa (Egypt) (b. 1936)

Arab League membership

22 Mar 1945 Egypt1, Iraq, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria2, Transjordan3, Yemen (Sana)4

28 Mar 1953 Libya5
19 Jan 1956 The Sudan
1 Jan 1958 Tunisia
1 Oct 1958 Morocco
20 Jul 1961 Kuwait
16 Aug 1962 Algeria
12 Dec 1967 Yemen (Aden)4
11 Sep 1971 Bahrain, Qatar
29 Sep 1971 Oman
6 Dec 1971 United Arab Emirates
26 Nov 1973 Mauritania
14 Feb 1974 Somalia
9 Sep 1976 Palestine Liberation Organization
4 Sep 1977 Djibouti
20 Nov 1993 Comoros


1Suspended from Mar 1979 to May 1989. 2Merged with Egypt to form United Arab Republic 22 Feb 1958; seceded from U.A.R. 28 Sep 1961 and rejoined Arab League 28 Oct 1961. 3From 1949 Jordan. 4Yemen (Aden) and Yemen (Sana) united in 1990. 5Libya announced its withdrawal 24 Oct 2002; this would be effective one year later; Libya canceled (16 Jan 2003), reaffirmed (3 Apr 2003), and again canceled (25 May 2003) the decision to withdraw.

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Arab Maghreb Union






17 Feb 1989 Arab Maghreb Union founded

Secretaries-general

23 Oct 1991 - 26 Feb 2002 Mohamed Amamou (Tunisia) (b. 1933)
26 Feb 2002 - 1 Feb 2006 Habib Boularès (Tunisia) (b. 1933)
1 Feb 2006 - Habib Ben Yahia (Tunisia) (b. 1938)

AMU membership

17 Feb 1989 Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Asian Development Bank






Presidents (all from Japan)

24 Nov 1966 - 24 Nov 1972 Takeshi Watanabe (b. 1906)
25 Nov 1972 - 23 Nov 1976 Shiro Inoue (b. 1915)
24 Nov 1976 - 23 Nov 1981 Taroichi Yoshida (b. 1919)
24 Nov 1981 - 23 Nov 1989 Masao Fujioka (b. 1924)
24 Nov 1989 - 23 Nov 1993 Kimimasa Tarumizu (b. 1930)
24 Nov 1993 - 15 Jan 1999 Mitsuo Sato (b. 1933 - d. 2002)
16 Jan 1999 - 1 Feb 2005 Tadao Chino (b. 1934)
1 Feb 2005 - Haruhiko Kuroda (b. 1944)

ADB membership

1966 Afghanistan, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Ceylon1, Denmark, Finland, Federal Republic of Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, Western Samoa2

1967 Switzerland
1969 Hong Kong
1970 Fiji, France
1972 Tonga
1973 Bangladesh, Burma3, Solomon Islands
1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands4
1976 Cook Islands
1978 Maldives
1981 Vanuatu
1982 Bhutan
1986 China, Spain
1990 Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia
1991 Mongolia, Nauru, Turkey
1993 Tuvalu
1994 Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
31 Aug 1995 Uzbekistan
20 Apr 1998 Tajikistan
22 Dec 1999 Azerbaijan
31 Aug 2000 Turkmenistan


1From 1972 Sri Lanka. 2From 1997 Samoa. 3From 1989 Myanmar. 4From 1979 Kiribati.

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)





Secretaries-general

7 Jun 1976 - 18 Feb 1978 Hartono Dharsono (Indonesia) (b. 1925 - d. 1996)
19 Feb 1978 - 1 Jul 1978 Umarjadi Njotowijono (Indonesia)
10 Jul 1978 - 1 Jul 1980 Datuk Ali bin Abdullah (Malaysia)
1 Jul 1980 - 1 Jul 1982 Narciso G. Reyes (Philippines) (b. 1914 - d. 1996)
18 Jul 1982 - 16 Jul 1984 Chan Kai Yau (Singapore)
16 Jul 1984 - 16 Jul 1986 Phan Wannamethee (Thailand) (b. 1923)
16 Jul 1986 - 16 Jul 1989 Roderick Yong (Brunei)
17 Jul 1989 - 1 Jan 1993 Rusli Noor (Indonesia) (b. 1927)
1 Jan 1993 - 5 Jan 1998 Datuk Ajit Singh (Malaysia) (b. 1938)
5 Jan 1998 - 6 Jan 2003 Rodolfo C. Severino (Philippines) (b. 1936)
6 Jan 2003 - 7 Jan 2008 Ong Keng Yong (Singapore) (b. 1954)
7 Jan 2008 - Surin Pitsuwan (Thailand) (b. 1949)

ASEAN membership

8 Aug 1967 Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
7 Jan 1984 Brunei
28 Jul 1995 Vietnam
23 Jul 1997 Laos, Myanmar
30 Apr 1999 Cambodia

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."

Caribbean Community






Secretaries-general

1973 - 1974 William Demas
(Trinidad and Tobago) (b. 1929 - d. 1998)
1974 - Aug 1977 Sir Alister McIntyre (Grenada) (b. 1932)
Aug 1977 - Aug 1978 Joseph Tyndall (Guyana) (acting) (b. 1927)
1 Nov 1978 - Sep 1983 Kurleigh King (Barbados) (b. 1933 - d. 1998)
Sep 1983 - 1 Aug 1992 Roderick Rainford (Jamaica) (b. 1940)
1 Aug 1992 - Edwin W. Carrington (Trinidad and Tobago) (b. 1938)


CARICOM membership

1 Aug 1973 Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago
1 May 1974 Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

4 Jul 1974 Antigua1
26 Jul 1974 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla2
4 Jul 1983 The Bahamas
4 Jul 1995 Suriname
5 Jul 2002 Haiti3


1From 1981 Antigua and Barbuda. 2From 1983 Saint Kitts and Nevis. 3Suspended 2004 - Jun 2006.

__________________
"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."