Faisalabad Electric Supply Company (FESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.

Hub Power Company Limited (HUBCO) is located at Hub, Lasbela District, Balochistan, Pakistan. The Hub Power Company is a large, private-sector power company and its 1,200 MW plant is located 60 km from Karachi in Hub. The electricity at HUBCO is generated by four 323 megawatt oil-fired units that are supplied by a 78km long pipeline from Pakistan State Oil (HUBCO, 1999b). In simple terms, the electricity is produced when oil is heated with steam.

Hyderabad Electric Supply Company or HESCO is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to all the districts of Sindh in Pakistan, excluding Karachi.

Hyderabad had an Area Electricity Board (AEB) as one of the eight AEBs constituted through amendments in WAPDA Act during 1981. Later on as the Government of Pakistan approved the revamping of the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) power sector in April 1998, the Hyderabad Electric Supply Company took over responsibilities of the Hyderabad Area Electricity Board. Hyderabad Electric Supply Company is owned and operated by WAPDA though. The company was incorporated on 23rd April 1998 and certificate for commencement of business was obtained on 1st July 1998 from NEPRA under section 146(2) of Companies Ordinance 1984.

Islamabad Electric Supply Company(IESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Islamabad, Pakistan Head Office in Islamabad and Head Office includes many Directorates Planning & Engineering Directorate is one of it. Mr. Muhammad Yousaf Awan is the Manager P&E and Mr. Sarbuland Khan is Deputy Manager (Planning)

Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC) is a privately owned public utility company. It was incorporated on 13th September 1913. The Corporation was originally in private hands, but the Government of Pakistan took control of the Corporation by acquiring majority share holdings in 1952.

It is principally engaged in generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy to industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential consumers in Karachi. KESC is the sole supplier of electricity to Karachi and its suburbs up to Dhabeji and Gharo in Sindh and over Hub, Uthal, Vindhar and Bela in Baluchistan.

Recently, KESC was sold to a Saudi Arabian company in December 2005 via an open bid organised by the Privatisation Commission of Pakistan. Since then its operation management is under control of Siemens Pakistan.

The Kot Addu Power Company Limited (KAPCO), was incorporated in 1996, location in Kot Addu, District Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan. Kot Addu Power Plant was built by the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). In April, 1996, Kot Addu Power Company was incorporated as a public limited company. On April 18, 2005 Kot Addu Power Company was formally listed on all three Stock Exchanges of Pakistan.

Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Multan Electric Power Company (MEPCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Peshawar Electric Power Company' (PESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Peshawar, NWFP, Pakistan.

Quetta Electric Supply Company (QESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Tribal Electric Supply Company (TESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to FATA, Pakistan.

Water And Power Development Authority (WAPDA) is the acronym for the government owned firm known to produce electricity across Pakistan, to maintain energy creating plants and supply water to public. It services many grid stations through the country and looks over large dams such as Tarbela and Mangla.

Warid Telecom International is an Abu Dhabi based mobile telecommunication firm providing telephony services in Bangladesh (launching soon), Congo(launching soon), Pakistan and in Uganda
(launching soon). Warid Telecom is backed by The Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East. The group is led by HH Shaikh Nahyan Mabarak Al Nahayan who is also Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research United Arab Emirates.

In 2004, Warid Telecom International LLC, purchased a lisence for operating a nationwide mobile telephony network, (WLL) and long distance international (LDI) for $291 million US dollars and was the first venture of Warid Telecom International LLC.

Warid Pakistan launched its services in May 2005. Within 80 days of launch Warid Pakistan attracted more then 1 million users. Currently the network has around 7.6 million subscribers.

Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited, better known as Mobilink GSM, is a telecommunication service provider in Pakistan. According to Mobilink's official statistics, Mobilink had over 22 million customers at the end of December 2006. Mobilink's Head office is located in Kulsum Plaza, Blue Area Islamabad

Mobilink started operations in 1994 as the first GSM cellular Mobile service in Pakistan by MOTOROLA Inc., later it was sold to ORASCOM, an Egypt-based multi-national company. Mobilink's corporate postpaid package is sold under the brand name "Indigo" and prepaid by the name of "Jazz".

Ufone GSM is a Pakistani GSM cellular service provider, Its one of five GSM Mobile companies in Pakistan, and is a subsidiary of Pakistan Telecommunication Company.

The company commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone, from Islamabad on January 29, 2001. Ufone expanded its coverage and has added new cities and highways to its coverage network. After the privatization of PTCL, Ufone is now owned by Etisalat.

Telenor (OSE: TEL, NASDAQ: TELN) is the incumbent telecommunications company in Norway, with headquarters located at Fornebu, close to Oslo. Today, Telenor is mostly an international wireless carrier with operations in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Asia. In addition, it has extensive broadband and TV distribution operations in four Nordic Countries.

Telenor Pakistan is a wholly owned subsidiary that started operations on the 15th of March 2005 and holds one of six mobile licences in Pakistan. Its also the fastest growing cellular network of Pakistan. Currently telenor holds the second largest GSM and the largest GPRS and EDGE coverage in Pakistan. It has also achieved the second largest retailer network in Pakistan with in the 2 years of its operations.

Paktel is a mobile telecommunication company in Pakistan.

It was the first ever company granted license to carry out cellular phone services in Pakistan. It carried out AMPS services until 2004,when the company launched GSM services as well. Its main competitor emerged in late 1990s as Instaphone and soon began to dominate the market. However after the launch and rapid success of Mobilink in 1998, both services lost market share. In 2003, Millicom Corporation, owners of Instaphone, bought Paktel as well.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

HABIB FIDA ALI
British Deputy High Commission (Karachi), Lahore University of Management Sciences (Lahore), Commercial Union Assurance Building (Karachi)

AHMED MUKHTAR
SHAAHDIN MANZIL RENOVATION (LAHORE)

ARSHAD SHAHID ABDULLAH (Pvt) Ltd.
MCB Tower (Karachi), CDC House (Karachi), Unilever Office(Karachi)

KAUSAR BASHIR AHMED
Bureau of Statistics (Karachi)

ABDUL ADIR MIRZA BAIG
Caltex Terminal Mosque (Karachi)

AMJAD MUKHTAR CHOHAN
The Punjab School (Lahore), Bab-e-Pakistan (Lahore)

ANJAD ALI
Leaders Inn Hotel (Lahore), Cadet College Sialkot (Sialkot)

NAYYAR ALI DADA
Al-Hamra Theatre Complex (Lahore), Gaddafi Stadium (Lahore), Habib Bank (Lahore), Saudi-Pak Tower (Islamabad)

M.A.FAOOQI AND COMPANY
Bait-ul Mukarram Mosque (Karachi)

ARIF HASAN
Hasan Square (Karachi), Sports Complex and Stadium (Cairo)

MUKHTAR HUSSAIN
Karachi International Airport - Jinnah Terminal (Karachi)

KASHIRF A. RASHEED
Arabian Sea Country Club (Karachi)

MUHAMMAD WALI ULLAH KHAN
Minar-e-Pakistan (Lahore)

YASMEEN LARI
Naval Officer's Housing (Karachi)

KAMIL KHAN MUMATAZ
Lawrence College Library (Murree)

NAVEED AZHAR SHEIKH
Shaheen Complex (Karachi)

ANJUM PERVAIZ QURESHI
Nacon House (Karachi)

ANWAR SAEED
Ahle Hadith Mosque (Islamabad), Grindlays Bank (Islamabad)

THAIANI AND COMPANY
Habib Bank (Quetta)

AMJAD ALI
Leaders Inn Hotel (Lahore), Cadet College Sialkot (Sialkot)

YAWAR ABBAS JILANI
Pearl Continental Hotel Bhurban (Murree)

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

National highways and motorways link all major cities in Pakistan and are undergoing rapid expansion to cater to the fast growing surface transportation needs of this rapidly emerging economy.

National Highway Authority is responsible for building and maintaining highways and motorways in Pakistan.

The National Highway Authority (NHA) was established in 1991, through an Act of the Pakistani Parliament. The NHA plans, develops, operates, repairs and maintains national highways and strategic roads specially entrusted to it by the Federal Government, by a Provincial Government or by another authority. The total length of federalized roads under NHA now stands at 5487.5 miles (8780km): this accounts for 3% of the Pakistani road network and 75% of the commercial road traffic in Pakistan.

N5 - Karachi-Thatta-Hyderabad-Moro-Multan-Sahiwal-Lahore-Jhelum-Rawalpindi-Peshawar-Torkham (Grand Trunk Road) 1819 KM
N10 - Lyari-Gwadar-Gabd (Makran Coastal Highway) 653 KM
N15 - Mansehra-Naran-Jhalkhand 240 KM
N25 - Karachi-Bela-Khuzdar-Kalat-Quetta-Chaman (RCD Highway) 813 KM
N35 - Hasan Abdal-Abbottabad-Thakot-Gilgit-Khunjerab (Karakoram Highway, KKH) 806 KM
N40 - Lakpass-Naukundi-Taftan 610 KM
N45 - Nowshera-Dir-Chitral 309 KM
N50 - Kuchlack-Zhob-Dera Ismail Khan 531 KM
N55 - Kotri-Shikarpur-Dera Ghazi Khan-Kohat-Peshawar (Indus Highway) 1264 KM
N65 - Sukkur-Sibi-Saryab 385 KM
N70 - Qila Saifullah-Loralai-Dera Ghazi Khan-Multan 447 KM
N75 - Islamabad-Satra Mile-Lower Topa (Murree)-Kohala (Murree Expressway) 90 KM
N80 - Tarnol-Kohat 144 KM
S1 - Gilgit-Skardu 167 KM
S2 - Kohala-Muzaffarabad 40 KM

There are ten motorways in Pakistan, out of which only the M2 and M3 have been completed. The M1 and part of the M8 and M10 are under construction and are scheduled to be completed in 2007.
M1 - Islamabad to Peshawar
M2 - Lahore to Islamabad
M3 - Pindi Bhattian to Faisalabad
M4 - Faisalabad to Multan
M5 - Multan to Dera Ghazi Khan
M6 - Dera Ghazi Khan to Ratodero
M7 - Kakkar via Dureji to Karachi
M8 - Gwadar to Ratodero
M9 - Karachi to Hyderabad
M10 - Karachi Northern Bypass
M2 - Lahore to Sialkot

The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass, at an altitude of 4,693 metres (15,397 feet), by far the highest paved international border crossing in the world. It connects China's Xinjiang region with Pakistan's Northern Areas and also serves as a popular tourist attraction.

The Makran Coastal Highway is located primarily in Balochistan, Pakistan. It follows the Arabian Sea coast from Karachi to Gwadar.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Central Superior Services of Pakistan (commonly known as CSS) is the name given to a group of highly prestigious and powerful Pakistani Federal Government Departments. Recruitment to the officer’s cadre (Basic Pay Scale 17) of these services is extremely competitive and it usually takes a year to complete the written examination and the subsequent psychological tests as well as interviews. Federal Public Service Commission of Pakistan or FPSC (http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/) is entrusted with this task and it is a general perception that it conducts the task of Competitive Examinations with full honesty. The minimum age and educational qualification for appearance in this examination is 21 years and a Bachelors (14 years of education) respectively while the maximum age limit is 28 years.

According to the estimates of FPSC a total of 8,000 – 10,000 candidates apply for an appearance in its annual Competitive Examination. On an average 5,000 – 6,000 actually appear and approximately 250-500 candidates qualify the written portion of CSS Examination. Out of these successful candidates a total of 100-150 (roughly 2% of the actual applicants) make it to this sacred corps of bureaucrats.

Currently CSS includes the following Occupational Groups.

• Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service
• Police Service of Pakistan (PSP)
• District Management Group (DMG)
• Income Tax Group (ITG)
• Customs and Excise Group (CEG)
• Foreign Service of Pakistan (FSP)
• Postal Group (PG)
• Commerce & Trade Group (CTG)
• Railways Group (RG)
• Information Group (IG)

Civil Bureaucracy is a colonial legacy in this part of the world. British used to rule the native population through Indian Civil Service (ICS) and most of the officers in ICS were British themselves. It was in the early 20th Century that the Indians also started competing against the British and many Indians eventually made it to the ICS. With the partition of India in 1947, the term 'Central Superior Services' was used in Pakistan and the concept of All-Pakistan Services continued. The latter consisted of the Civil Service of Pakistan and the Police Service of Pakistan, whereas the Central Services included the Pakistan Foreign Service and a broad category of Finance and other services. The Finance category included the Pakistan Audit and Accounts Service, Pakistan Railway Accounts Service, Pakistan Military Accounts Service, Pakistan Taxation Service, and the Pakistan Customs and Excise Service. The Central Services other than these included the Pakistan Postal Service, Pakistan Military Land and Cantonment Service, Central Secretariat Service, and Central Information Service. Each of these services had its own cadre and composition rules, specifying the total cadre strength in terms of its number of positions.

With the Civil Services Reforms of 1973 a new system of Common Training Program or CTP was introduced and all of these occupational groups (12 at that time) were required to go through a mandatory combined training at Civil Services Academy (CSA), Lahore. The batch of officers who attended CSA in 1973 is recognized as “1st Common”. Up till 5th Common the allocation of occupational groups was done after the culmination of Common Training Program but from 6th Common onwards this task has also been assumed by FPSC. Even till this day it is an official procedure that once the Probationary Officers successfully complete their CTP then they undergo some further Specialized Training Program (STP) in their own professional academies.


Commissioned officers of Pakistan Army, Pakistan Air Force, and Pakistan Navy have their own quota of 10% in District Management Group (DMG), Foreign Service of Pakistan (FSP), and Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). Usually officers of Captain Rank are short listed by General Head Quarters (GHQ) and selected against this quota after the permission directly by Chief of Army Staff before interview process.

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

• PAF Bhagtanwala sat
• PAF Chaklala Rawalpindi MOB No.35 (Composite Air Transport) Wing

No. 6 Sqn C-130 14 No.12 Sqn B707, Falcon, F-27 6 No.41 Sqn Cessna, Aero, Beach 3 No.455 Sqn Crotale SAM No.??? Sqn HQ-2B SAM

• PAF Chander sat
• PAF Chuk Jhumra sat
• PAF Faisal Karachi MOB Southern Air Commander HQ
• PAF Gwadar sat
• PAF Kamra [Minhas] Kamra MOB Northern No.33 (Fighter/Multi-Role) Wing

No. 14 Sqn F-7P ~24 No. 15 Sqn F-6, FT-6 ~24

• PAF Kohat sat
• PAF Lahore Lahore FOB
• PAF Masroor Karachi MOB Southern No 32 (Fighter Ground Attack) Wing

No. 2 Sqn F-7P ~24 No. 7 Sqn Mirage 5PA, III 24+45 No. 8 Sqn Mirage 5PA, III 24+45 No. 22 Sqn Mirage 5PA, IIIDP 14 + 2 No. 84 Sqn Alouette III 2 No. 453 Sqn Crotale SAM No.??? Sqn HQ-2B SAM

• PAF Mianwali Mianwali MOB No. 37 (Combat Training) Wing

No. 1 Sqn FT-5 25 No. 19 Sqn F-7P ~24 No. 25 Sqn F-7 & FT-7 ~24 No. 86 Sqn Alouette III 2

• PAF Mirpur Khas FOB
• PAF Multan Multan FOB
• PAF Murid FOB
• PAF Nawabshah FOB
• PAF Ormara sat
• PAF Pasni FOB
• PAF Peshawar Peshawar MOB Northern Air Command HQ

No. 36 (Tactical Attack) Wing No. 16 Sqn A-5 25 No. 26 Sqn A-5 24 No. 81 Sqn Alouette III 2

• PAF Rafiqui Shorkot MOB Central No. 34 (Fighter) Wing

No. 5 Sqn Mirage IIIEP/RP 30 No. 18 Sqn F-7P ~24 No. 20 Sqn F-7P ~24 No. 83 Sqn Alouette III 2

• PAF Rahim Yar Khan sat
• PAF Rajanpur sat
• PAF Risalewala Faisalabad FOB
• PAF Risalpur Risalpur MOB
• PAF Samungli Quetta 30°14'N 66°55'E MOB Southern No. 31 (Fighter) Wing

No. 17 Sqn F-6, F-7P, FT-6 ~24 No. 23 Sqn F-6 ~24 No. 85 Sqn Alouette III 2

• PAF Sargodha Sargodha 32°03'N 72°39'E MOB Central Air Command, HQ

No. 38 (Multi-Role) Wing No. 9 Sqn F-16A 16 No. 11 Sqn F-16 A/B 16 No. 24 Sqn Falcon 20 F/G 2 No. 82 Sqn Alouette III 2 Combat School F-7 ~24 Combat School Mirage 5PA

• PAF Shahbaz Jacobabad FOB
• PAF Sindhri sat
• PAF Sukkur FOB
• PAF Talhar FOB
• PAF Vihari FOB

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

• Bahauddin Zakariya University - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Gomal University - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Hamdard University - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Karachi University - Faculty of Pharmacy
• University of the Punjab - Faculty of Pharmacy

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

The Pakistani aviation market has seen many airlines come and go. However, due largely to the economic sanctions placed on Pakistan during the 1990s the industry growth eventually leveled off due to the increase in oil prices.

The Pakistan aviation industry was started up when Orient Airways merged with Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) to become the national flag carrier of Pakistan called Pakistan International Airlines or PIA for short. PIA remained the only operator for many years after its creation, but soon private airlines arrived at the scene to compete with the national flag carrier.

• AERO ASIA INTERNATIONAL

Aero Asia International is a private Pakistani airline based at Jinnah International Airport Karachi in the province of Sindh. The airline was owned and operated by the Tabani Group, however, following the temporary suspension of its flights in the summer of 2006 the ownership of the airline was bought by the UK based Regal Group. It is the first low cost airline to start services in Pakistan and operates to destinations in Pakistan and the Gulf states. Its main bases are the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi and Dubai International Airport, Dubai.

International Flights
Aero Asia has already covered the Middle East and has been granted permission to fly to the United Kingdom and United States from the end of the year 2005 by the CAA of Pakistan. However, because of the airline's restructuring process, it is expected that the international flights will commence by 2007. It will fly to Manchester and Nottingham in the initial phase whilst gradually including New York, Singapore, Copenhagen, Oslo and Bahrain to its international destinations.

Specific Flights

• Abu Dhabi to Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and Peshawar
• Doha to Lahore and Peshawar
• Dubai to Faisalabad, Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Multan, and Peshawar
• Faisalabad to Dubai, Multan and Karachi
• Islamabad to Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Karachi
• Karachi to Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Faisalabad, Islamabad, Lahore, Multan, Muscat, Sukkur, and Peshawar
• Lahore to Abu Dhabi, Doha, Dubai, Karachi, and Muscat
• Multan to Dubai, Faisalabad and Karachi
• Muscat to Karachi and Lahore
• Peshawar to Abu Dhabi, Doha, Dubai, and Karachi

• AIRBLUE

Airblue is a private Pakistani airline based at Jinnah International Airport Karachi. It was the first private carrier of Pakistan to operate the Airbus A320 when it initially started. Airblue has been expanding rapidly despite experiencing competition from the other three airline operators in Pakistan. The airline mainly flies on domestic routes plus internationally to Dubai International Airport and also has plans to fly to the UK and USA.

• PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Pakistan International Airlines (also referred to as PIA), is the national flag carrier of Pakistan and the national airline operating passenger and cargo services around the world. Its main hubs are Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, the Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore and the Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad/Rawalpindi.
It also serves regional airports, including Peshawar International Airport, Peshawar, Faisalabad International Airport, Faisalabad and Multan International Airport, Multan that connect to the main hubs and have flights to the Middle East.

• SHAHEEN AIR INTERNATIONAL

Shaheen Air International second national airline after PIA; Shaheen Air International (SAI) is a Pakistani private airline based in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. It mainly operates scheduled services between the main cities of Pakistan and to the Gulf. Its main base is Jinnah International Airport (KHI), Karachi, with a hub at Islamabad International Airport (ISB), Islamabad.

• DHL CARGO PAKISTAN

• PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL CARGO

PIA Cargo freighter operations ended in late 1990s when both 707-300C aircraft were grounded, but two A300 freighters leased from Turkey's MNG Airlines fly for PIA Cargo to London Luton Airport.

• ROYAL AIRLINES CARGO

Royal Airlines is a charter and cargo airline based at Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

The airline was established on 6 November 1998 and started operations in 1999. It was granted a license to operate scheduled passenger services in 2003 and expected to launch these in 2005. It has 90 employees. Royal Airlines was the first international cargo airline in Pakistan. Royal Airlines is launching its domestic passenger service on a Karachi - Gwadar route from May 17, 2006. The airline is starting the service by operating on socio-economic routes such as Gwadar, Pasni and other small cities. Royal airline would operate 19-passenger Metro III aircraft for the cities. The airline has already acquired two aircraft and both of them are registered in Pakistan.

Royal Airlines operates charter cargo flights daily to and from Karachi, Sukkur, Multan, Lahore and Islamabad.

• STAR AIR

Star Air is a cargo airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It operates to many cities in Pakistan including Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar.

Star Air Aviation is a family owned Airline. It was founded by a family having aviation experience of more than 40 years.

• TCS COURIERS

TCS is a Pakistan based courier service. The company was started in 1983 and now it serves five continents and has over 2,000 locations in Pakistan. The company also has an airline for cargo purposes only which it uses at many of the airports in Pakistan.

• Askari Aviation

Askari Aviation is based in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. Askari Aviation was established in 1995, to maintain, operate and market aircraft / helicopter compatible to international standards. Askari Aviation also offers to co-ordinate and generates necessary financial resources or enters into joint venture satisfying specific requirements of its client. The flying and maintenance crew is based on highly qualified, experienced professionals from the Armed Forces of Pakistan. This offers highest quality of service and safety standards, ensuring commitment to professional excellence.
Askari Aviation is today engaged in providing quality aviation services of helicopter for adventure, safaris, rescue, crop dusting, cargo transportation and policing. In addition to its integral fleet of helicopters and aircraft ultra lights we also enjoy the backing of Pakistan Army Aviation, having over 30 years of operational experience in the area with routine landings at and above 20,000 ft. Askari Aviation have also started flying international charter both passengers and cargo, particularly to Afghanistan.

• AST Pakistan Airways

• Jahangir Siddiqui Charter

Jahangir Siddiqui Charter (JS Charter) is charter operation of JS Air is based Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

• JS Air (Private) Limited

Jahangir Siddiqui Air (JS Air) is a recently-launched charter aircraft company by the Jahangir Siddiqui Group that operates in diversified fields. JS Air is based Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

JS Air and Airblue’s collaborated first flight would take off on June 17. Destination: Gwadar. At a press briefing held jointly by JS Air and Airblue on Thursday, Air Commodore (retd) Munawar Alam Siddiqui, Chairman of JS Air, said the event would mark a milestone in the history of aviation in Pakistan, since it was the first-ever joint venture between any two airline operators in Pakistan.

JS Air, a JS Group company is providing executive charter services to the leading businesses.

Built over four decades, JS Group is one of Pakistan’s most diversified and progressive financial services groups.

The group has grown from its roots in Pakistan’s financial services industry. JS Financial operates market-leading companies in asset management, investment banking, securities brokerage, commercial banking, insurance and trade finance. Also includes five vertical businesses:

The group has offices throughout the major cities in Pakistan and manages its international operations from its London office. The group comprises businesses with over 10,000 employees and revenues of over US$700 million.

At JS, we continually challenge ourselves to dynamically grow our businesses, both internally and through world-class partnerships, while setting ever higher standards of excellence and governance.

• Royal Airlines

Royal Airlines is a charter and cargo airline based at Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

The airline was established on 6 November 1998 and and started operations in 1999. It was granted a licence to operate scheduled passenger services in 2003 and expected to launch these in 2005. It has 90 employees. Royal Airlines was the first international cargo airline in Pakistan. Royal Airlines is launching its domestic passenger service on a Karachi - Gwadar route from May 17, 2006. The airline is starting the service by operating on socio-economic routes such as Gwadar, Pasni and other small cities. Royal airline would operate 19-passenger Metro III aircraft for the cities. The airline has already acquired two aircraft and both of them are registered in Pakistan.

Royal Airlines operates charter cargo flights daily to and from Karachi, Sukkur, Multan, Lahore and Islamabad.

• Schon Air

Schön Air is located at Jinnah International Airport Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. All of Schön Air's offices and training facilities located at the airport and it is one of the largest flight training centers & charter companies in Pakistan. Schön Air has its own hangar where facilities like engine and propeller overhaul shops, paint shop and metal repair shop are available.

Schön Air Limited was established in 1986 with a strong backing of Schon Group businessmens' Nasir Schon & H.E. Tahir Schon, along with their father Chairman Capt. S. H. Ather, who himself was an airline pilot of very high standards with an experience of over 20,000 flying hours. He held an FAA and CAA Airline Transport Pilots Licenses.

In 1986 the Company started its aircraft service with a Cessna 402C and with round the clock hard work of its staff the number of aircraft has risen up to nine.

Now Schön Air is a well-reputed Company serving its clients like Sui Southern Gas Company, Union Texas Pakistan and Pakistan Petroleum Limited.

In 1990 Schön Air Flying Training Academy was also established making it the only company to excel in charters & flying training. The company was successful in expanding the aircraft fleet from two in 1990 to five to date.
Schon Air is in the process of growing its flight training set-up into an 'aviation university' and getting more planes for its private charter operations.

• Princely Jets

• Saad Airlines

• Taco Sucks Dick Airlines

• Air Mashriq

Air Mashriq is based in London, United Kingdom. This airline is owned and operated by Pakistanis and primarily provides charter services. However by early 2007, it will begin services to Pakistan from London to the cities of Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta.

• Deewan International Airlines

• Pearl Air

Pearl Air is a private airline based at Jinnah International Airport, Sindh, Pakistan. Pearl Air is a part of Habib Alvi Group of Companies. Pearl Air has become the fourth airline operating in the private sector on domestic routes.

A Boeing 737-200Adv was delivered to the airline in January 2004. However due to licensing and acquiring rights to start passenger transportation the airline never took off. On December 24, 2005 the airline was granted rights to fly in Pakistan by the CAA of Pakistan. The airline is now scheduled to start passenger operations soon.

• Safe Air

Safe Airways International is a private airline based at Jinnah International Airport Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

The Airline started in 1999 but was closed down due to unpaid taxes to the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). It plans to restart its operations in the near future.

On January, 2006, Safe Airways International stated in a press release that it is under the process of leasing six A321-200 and four Airbus A310-300. The company is now backed by investors in UK and Pakistan plans to start services to Pakistan's biggest cities such as Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Islamabad by the end of 2006. The airline also plans to begin overseas flights by the start of 2007 including Oslo and Copenhagen in Europe and Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Manila in Southeast Asia. On February 19, 2006, the new management of Safe Air inked a deal to acquire four 737-200 aircraft worth $18 million. The aircraft will be acquired on dry lease with a purchase option after some time and will increase its fleet size to 15 aircraft by the end of 2006. The deal has been struck with Safair of South Africa which is based in Johannesburg.

• Bhoja Air

Bhoja Air was an airline based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It operated a small domestic scheduled network and links domestic cities to destinations in the United Arab Emirates. It has ceased operations in 2000 due to financial difficulties and succumbed to numerous debts.

On 7 November 1993, Bhoja Air started operations. The airline started with services on domestic routes and inaugurating flights between Karachi, Lahore and Quetta, with a dry lease Boeing 737-200 aircraft. The aircraft was registered with Pakistani registration and was the first private airline in Pakistan to operate with a Western manufactured aircraft.

Bhoja Air, a privately owned airline was owned by the Bhoja Group of Companies. Bhoja Air has its head office at Shahrah–e-Liaquat and corporate Offices at KDA society. Karachi was one of its prime locations as the airline believed it was the heart of the gateway to Southeast Asia. It also had its headquarters in Karachi.

In 1996, it signed a deal with the globally acclaimed handling agent group called ‘OGDENS’ with complete Ground handling equipment at Karachi. Their equipment was capable to handle Boeing 747s.

In the same year another Sister Company, Pakistan Aviators and Aviation located at Lahore International airport was purchased along with a hotel for passenger stop overs.

During January 24, 1998, was another festive day for the company when it commenced its first International flight from Karachi to Dubai. Later, Bhoja Air operated flights to the U.A.E from all major cities of Pakistan including having a solid domestic network.

However due to competition with the other private airlines and the national flag carrier (PIA), Bhoja Air was not able to keep up with finances and filed for bankruptcy in 2001.

• Hajvairy Airlines

Hajvairy Airlines was based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Hajvairy Airlines started its operations in 1991. It operated leased Russian Ilyushin Il-86 jetliners. The airline suspended its operations in 1993 due to bankruptcy. There are reports that might restart its operations.

• Orient Airways (merged to form PIA)

Orient Airways Ltd., registered in Calcutta city of British India on 23rd October 1946. With Mirza Ahmad Ispahani the Chairman and Air Vice Marshal O.K. Carter as the General Manager of the new air carrier, an operating license was obtained in May 1947 with Calcutta as the base. Four Douglas DC-3s had been purchased from Tempo of Texas in February 1947 and operations first started on 4 June 1947. The designated route was Calcutta-Akyab-Rangoon, which also happened to be the first post-war international operation to be flown by an airline registered in India. Within two months of Orient Airways' operational beginnings, Pakistan was born. The birth of a new nation generated one of the largest transfers of population in the history of Mankind.

Orient Airways, along with the help of some BOAC aircraft which had been chartered by the Government of Pakistan, started relief operations and transportation of the population between Delhi and Karachi, the two capitals. Later, Orient Airways transferred its base to Pakistan and established the vital, link between Karachi and Dacca, the two capitals of the two wings of Pakistan. With a skeleton fleet of just two DC-3s, three crew and twelve mechanics, Orient Airways launched its scheduled operations in a fairy-tale fashion. The initial routes were Karachi-Lahore-Peshawar, Karachi-Quetta-Lahore and Karachi-Delhi- Calcutta-Dacca. By the end of 1949, Orient Airways had acquired 10 DC-3s and 3 Convair 240s which it operated on these routes. In 1950, it had become increasingly apparent that additional capacity would have to be inducted in order to cater to the growing needs of the sub-continent.

Orient Airways was a privately owned company, with limited capital and resources. It could not be expected to grow and expand on its own. It was then that the Government of Pakistan decided to form a state-owned airline and invited Orient Airways to merge with it. The outcome of the merger was the birth of a new airline, named Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) on 11 March, 1955.

• Pak-Air

• Raji Airlines

• Super Airways

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

The Jinnah Family

• Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Governor-General of Pakistan, 1947-1948)
• Fatima Jinnah (sister of Mohammad Ali Jinnah; presidential candidate)

The Bhutto Family

• Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto,Feudal Lord Larkana, Sindh
• Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (President (1970-1973); Prime Minister (1973-1977) (son of Sir Shahnawaz)
• Sardar Mumtaz Bhutto (chief of Bhutto tribe, former chief minister and Governor of Sindh, Federal Minister of Pakistan) (cousin of Zulfikar)
• Nusrat Bhutto (former minister without portfolio) (wife of Zulfikar)
• Benazir Bhutto (Prime Minister, 1988-1990 and 1993-1996); daughter of Zulfikar Ali
• Asif Ali Zardari (husband of Benazir, former Minister)
• Murtaza Bhutto(son of Zulfikar)
• Ghinwa Bhutto (widow of Murtaza)
• Fatima Bhutto (daughter of Murtaza)
• Sanam Bhutto (daughter of Zulfikar)

The Sharif Family

• Nawaz Sharif (Prime Minister of Pakistan, 1990-1993 and 1997-1999)
• Shahbaz Sharif (brother of Nawaz Sharif; Chief Minister of Punjab, 1997-1999)

The Zia-ul-Haq Family

• Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (President of Pakistan, 1978-1988)
• Mohammad Ejaz-ul-Haq (son of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq; cabinet minister)

Badshah Khan's Family

• Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Member of Pakistan's Constituent Assembly, NWFP Assembly, Freedom fighter)
• Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan (Chief Minister of NWFP, Chief Minister of West Pakistan, Central Communication minister)
• Khan Abdul Wali Khan (Twice Leader of the Opposition in National Assembly, democracy activist)
• Nasim Wali Khan (First woman MNA elected to National Assembly, Leader of the House Provincial Assembly)
• Asfandyar Wali Khan (elected, MPA, MNA, President of the Awami National Party and Senator)

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

List of Research Institutes in Pakistan

The following is partial list Research Institutes in Pakistan.

Agriculture Research Institute, Quetta
Agricultural Census Organization
Agriculture Training Institute
Applied Economic Research Center, Hyderabad
Applied Economics Research Centre, Karachi
Asian Management Institute
Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan
Central Cotton Research Institute, Nawabshah
Centre Of Excellence In Analytical Chemistry, Jamschoro
Centre of Excellence In Geology, Peshawar
Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies
Civil Aviation Training Institute
Commecs Institute of Faculty Training
Computer Training Centre
Directorate of Research and Training
Directorate of Manpower and Training, Sindh
Directorate Of Veterinary Research Institute
Directorate Of Staff Development, Punjab
Environmental Protection Agency, Punjab
Farm Guide Agricultural Consultancy Services
Geological Survey Of Pakistan
H. E. J. Research Institute Of Chemistry
Hydrocarbon Development Institute Of Pakistan
In-service Agricultural Training Institute Rahim Yar Khan
Industrial Relations Institute Lahore
Inspectorate of Mines, Government of Punjab Lahore
Institute of Education and Research, Karachi
Institute of Meteorology & Geophysics
Institute of Marine Engineers Pakistan (IMarE)
Institute of Policy Studies (IPS)
Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad (ISSI)
Institute Of Cost And Management Accountants Of Pakistan
Integrated Health Services, Islamabad (IHS Pakistan)
International Institute of Islamic Studies and Research IISAR Karachi
Local Govt. and Rural Development Training Institute, Lalamusa
Margala Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad
Marine Fisheries Department
NDFC- Pakistan Development Banking Institute
National Centre Of Excellence In Analytical Chemistry, Jamschoro
National Centre of Excellence In Geoloy, Peshawar
National Centre Of Excellence In Physical Chemistry, Peshawar
National Fertilizer Development Centre (NFDC)
National Fertilizer Corporation (Nfc) Technical Training Centre
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering,Faisalabad.
National Institute of Electronics
National Institute of Historical and Culural Research
National Institute Of Labour Administration Training
National Institute Of Malaria Research And Training
National Transport Research Centre
PARC-IIBC Station, International Institute Of Biological Control
Pakistan Administrative Staff College, Lahore
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad
Pakistan Forest Research Institute, Peshawar
Pakistan Industrial Technical Assistance Centre (PITAC)
Pakistan Institute for Air Defence Studies
Pakistan Institute Of Cotton Research And Technology
Pakistan Design Institute of Historical Perspective
Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER)
Pakistan Institute of Management Karachi
Pakistan Institute of National Development (PIND)
Pakistan Marine Academy
Pakistan Manpower Institute
Pakistan Space And Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
Pakistan Scientific & Technological Information Centre
Perac Research & Development Foundation.
Petroman
PIA, Training Centre, Karachi Airport, Pakistan
Sindh Bureau of Statistics
Sindh Development Studies Centre
Sindh Regional Plan Organization
Soil Survey of Pakistan
Technical Training Centre, Peshawar
Textiles Industry Research & Development Centre
The Family Planning Association of Pakistan
The Institute Of Bankers In Pakistan
Training and Management Development Dept. of the Agricultural Development Bank
Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore
Water Management Training Institute, Punjab