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imbindas Saturday, May 21, 2011 03:52 PM

Caliph Al-farooq Hazrat Umar ibn Al Khattab (RA)
 
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People say; Good leadership is like prized perfume. Its very first scented waft announces its presence with astonishing freshness. Bad leadership like skunk just stinks.

Democracy is not a separate ideology from Islam. In fact democracy is very much there in Islam. There is no concept of dictatorship, popism (mullaiyat) and totalitarianism in Islam. Islam doesn’t believe in any kind of Monarchy and Oligarchy. When we analyze what democracy is we come to the conclusion that it is nothing but the sense of Responsibility and Accountability. The absolute system of governing, which Islam presents totally based upon three golden fundamentals i.e. Consultation, Responsibility and Accountability. The political system of Islam totally depends upon Shooraiat (consultation). The significance of consultation in governance proves by this that a complete surah in Quran is named “Al-shoorah” (consultation).

The nectar of good governance and effective administration is enshrined in its leadership’s personal integrity and self-accountability; in justice for all, and in people’s freedom to speak out. The American Constitution prides itself for incorporating in its preamble the five basic responsibilities of the government – justice for all; ensuring domestic tranquility; providing for common defense; promoting general welfare and lastly, securing the blessings of liberty to people and to their posterity.

Hazrat Umer in the 7 th century extolled and applied these principles – already available to him through Islam – in letter and spirit, and without any exceptions during his reign.

“No man is above the law and no man below it; nor do we ask any man’s permission when we require him to obey it. Obedience to the law is demanded as a right; not asked as a favor”.

-Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)

“Hazrat Umer (R.A) was courageous, unselfish, and passionately committed to the ideals of justice and equity which had been so lacking in the Meccan polity.” – Karen Armstrong, “Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time’, pg185

Hazrat Umer, by all accounts, was an “energetic and brilliant” man. He can, of course, be called the forerunner of any, “visionary modern state”, in the comity of 192 countries of the world, in which people are prosperous and safe, are treated equally by the law of the state, irrespective of their social or financial status; are habitually law-abiding, and fair in their dealings, are literate and tolerant, and above all, are thoroughly charitable and honest. He, during his tenure of ten years, six months and four days, not only accomplished these ideals in some very difficult times, but also lived to see people willingly live by them.

As described in connection with the life of Hadrat Abu-Bakr, during his illness he consulted the “Shura” about the next “Khalifah” and then gave his decision in favour of Hadrat Umar (R.A.) who took the charge of Caliphate after the death of Hadrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) His caliphate marked the “Golden Age” of Islam.

He was a very pious Muslim. His success lay in two things-fear of Allah and his love for the Holy Prophet (PBUH). He never used even oil from the Bait-ul-Mal (Public Treasury) to burn a lamp at night for his personal needs. Whenever he finished the official work he put off the lamp. He used to patrol in the city at night to find out the needs and requirements, and conditions of the people. He did not hesitate to take his wife to work as a midwife for a poor woman. The salary he got from the Bait-ul-Mal was so low that it was hardly enough for him and his family’s needs. When some of the eminent Muslims requested him to increase the amount he, said, “The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu ‘alaihi wa Sallam) has left a standard by his personal example. I must follow him”.

Hadrat Umar was the most just ruler in the Islamic History. All the citizens, including the Caliph himself, were equal before law. Once he appeared before a court at Medina to clarify his position against a complaint. The Qadi (Judge) wanted to stand in his honour, but he did not allow him to do so, so that there would be no distinction between him and an ordinary person before Law. Courts were completely independent and free to give its verdict on any matter that was presented before them even if it was against state or khalifah. The government couldn’t interfere in their decisions. He was really the founder of modern democratic system.

As far as Khalifa is concerned, he had no right and power to forgive or condone those who were prosecuted and convicted by the courts. There was complete supremacy and rule oflaw. They were all equal in the eyes of law whether they were rich or poor, ruler or labourer. Nothing was hidden from anyone regarding matters or policies relating to Government and state.

Khalifa used to tell participants in Jummah prayer in mosque about important issues. Every citizen could enquire about any thing. Democracy was ruling in its best shape. Khalifa was held responsible and was subject to answer to his people. History is full of different examples that how Khalifa consulted Majlis-e-Shoorah on different issues and how sahabah reacted, criticised and gave their opinions.

Hazrat Umar (RA) had given such type of general freedom of criticism and expression to the people on his actions and orders that an ordinary person didn’t hesitate or reluctant to criticise or object on khalifa itself.

Once a person said to Hazrat Umar (RA) many times: “O’Umar, be afraid of Allah”. A person amongst the audience tried to stop that person. Hazrat Umar (RA) said, “No, let him say. If those people will not say anything to me then what is the use of those?

Besides, Hazrat Umer, by temperament, was a hard taskmaster, and was very strict and uncompromising in matters of justice and accountability. But, his kind of leader was the need of the day. Hazrat Abu Bakr was very right when during the last days of his life, he said about Hazrat Umer. “Umer has been strict because I was soft. The burden of the State affairs will soften him out”. Hazrat Talha on hearing that Hazrat Umer was to become the Caliph, had come running to Hazrat Abu Bakr with this concern, “ In your presence, Umer treated us so. How will he treat us when you are gone and he becomes the Caliph? Now that you are about to meet God; think how you will explain this to Him”. Hazrat Abu Bakr replied, “I’ll tell God. For Your people, I have appointed one who has been the best”.

Hazrat Umer was, no doubt, strict, but he was always resolute, decisive, assertive, and clear headed. Quick, not hasty decision and its compliance was the hallmark of his rule. It is important to know that he was never unpopular or unacceptable to the Tribal Arabs, because he was totally transparent, and honest. “His inner self is better than his outer self. He has no second among us”, was what was said about him by Hazrat Usman at the time of his becoming the caliph. Besides, there was around him ever present, the wisest among the wise, Hazrat Ali.

Be it fixing the stipend for the caliph, or acting as caliph in his absence when Hazrat Umer had had to leave for Syria to apprise himself of the condition of the soldiers during the breakout of an epidemic; or advising Hazrat Umer not to leave Medina, but ask the governors of Kufa, Basra and Syria to send their army contingents to counter the Iranians at Nehavend in 642,, to count only a few occasions, Hazrat Ali’s able guidance like a guiding star had always been there for him.

Once Hazrat Umer fell ill. It was suggested that he be given honey as a cure, and there was no honey at his home. A good stock of it, however, was there in the Bait-ul-Maal. Hazrat Umer sough the permission of the people in Masjid-i-Nabvi if he could take a little bit of honey from there. One express purpose behind seeking this open permission was to let the people know what little rights the caliph had in the use of public money.

Once the first lady, Um-e- Kulsum, sent some perfume vials as a gift to the women of Kaiser of Rome. They, out of goodwill, returned the bottles of perfume, but filled with precious jewels. Hazrat Umer heard about the exchange. He ordered confiscation of the jewels, stating, “Perfume was yours, but the messenger used in the process was a government employee”. He ordered that the jewels be deposited in Baitul Maal, and his wife be compensated for the actual value of the perfume.

Once his daughter, and Prophet’s wife, Hazrat Hafsa, came to him to claim her share in the war-booty on account of her special double status, “Zuwalqarba”. Hazrat Umer disappointed her by saying, “You will have your share in my portion, not in the war booty. It is sad that you tried to hoodwink your own father”. She felt ashamed for ever putting up such a demand.

One big factor in the success of Hazrat Umer was his strict control over the public exchequer. He suspended Hazrat Khalid bin Walid, (and Hazrat Bilal as well), for his failure to submit the details of the expenditures. The relaxed supervision of the fiscal matter in later periods, (and in modern times), created un-surmountable problems for them.

In one khutba, he made it clear on all the eight governors, “Always keep in mind that I have appointed you over people, not as their masters, or as their over-lords with a view to suppressing them; but as their ‘Imams’, as their ‘Role-Models’, so that people may follow you. You are to guard their rights, and not to humble or manhandle them… do not keep your doors closed at them in a manner that the strong is able to cause harm to the weak. Don’t rank yourselves above people because that will amount being unfair to them”. Some of the conditions he laid down for them were:

You shall not ride a Turkish horse (symbol of elitism)
You shall not attire yourself in fine/silken clothes (sign of extravagance)
You shall not eat flour bread free of brawn. (excessive worldliness)
You shall not post a guard/security at your door (inaccessibility)
You shall remain available to the complainant all the time.

This declaration was to be read out in front of the appointees as well as in the public. In one such meeting, a person rose and said that one of his governors had unjustly inflicted 100 lashes on him. The official who had done this was none else but Hazrat Umro bin Al Aas. Hazrat Umer asked the complainant to redress his grievance by inflicting the same number of lashes on the governor. Hazrat Umro bin Al-Aas, stood up and said that such a practice was to make it difficult for an official to perform his duties. Hazrat Umer instantly replied, “But I do not want to be on the side of a criminal, too”. Hazrat Umro bin Al Aas had had to plead for clemency from the accuser, who agreed to accept two gold coins for each lash. (Kitab Al Kharaj pg 66).

Hazrat Umer never compromised in matters of justice and accountability. People tolerated his severe punishments when they saw him doing the same in case of his own kith and kin. His son, Abu Shehma when found drunk, was inflicted 10 lashes by none else but by the caliph himself. And he expired during the award of the punishment. Qadama bin Mazoon was a Sahabi of great standing and was his brother-in-law too. He, too, was charged on the same account, and was publicly awarded 10 lashes.

Hazrat Ayaz bin Ghanam was appointed as the governor of Egypt. A report was received that Ayaz was leading a lifestyle that was not in line with the stated declaration. He had given himself to wearing fine silken clothes, and had also begun posting a guard at his residence. Hazrat Mohammad bin Musalama Ansari, a great Sahabi and his Ombudsman, or Chief Investigator was asked to look into the matter. On enquiry, the charges were found true. Hazrat Umer ordered that Ayaz bin Ghanam’s robe be replaced with a coarse woolen outfit, and he be reassigned to the tending of a herd of sheep. People heard Ayaz saying, “I wish I had been dead”. Hazrat Umer reminded him. “Why do not feel small in shepherding a herd.

After all your father had earned this title of ‘Ghanam’ for being a shepherd”. Al Kharaj page 66.
These days in Pakistan, a lot of mud slinging is being carried out against the different chairmen of the National Accountability Bureau in the alleged corruption cases of high officials. Hazrat Umer in that post had appointed Hazrat Mohammad bin Musalama Ansari, one of the most respected Sahabis. His credentials were that he had participated in all the battles fought during the Prophet’s time. In one case, the Prophet himself had appointed him as his assistant in Medina. So when Hazrat Mohammad bin Musalama Ansari investigated against an official, it meant total transparency. Truth would not stay hidden, nor anybody could dare disputing that the action taken was politically motivated.

Once a son of Hazrat Umro bin Al-Aas, the conqueror of Egypt, beat a non-Muslim without any reason. Hazrat Umer had that respected son of Hazrat Umro bin Al Aas thrashed publicly, stating, “Since when did you begin enslaving people whose mothers had given birth to them as free?”

On one occasion he said from the pulpit, “O People, in case you ever find me tilting towards worldliness; what will you do then?” A man rose from the gathering, drew his sword and said, “You will be beheaded with it”. Hazrat Umer in order to further test him, said, “You, daring to say so to me”. He remained resolved and said, “Yes, it will be like this for you”. Hazrat Umer then said, ‘Thank God. I have men like you who have the courage to straighten me out if I ever I chose to deviate from the right path”.

Once a Christian complained to Hazrat Umer when he was in the Harem in Makka that he had been doubly taxed on his horse. He submitted this complaint when Umer was delivering the khutba there. Later when he returned to the capital, the same Nasrani (Christian) who had lodged the complaint came to him to remind him of it. Hazrat Umer told him, “I’m the Hanifi, who took care of your complaint there and then”.

During the famine days in 639 or around and while returning from Syria, he stopped by a lone tent in which there lived an old woman. He asked her, “How is Umer doing?” She replied, “I heard about him coming from Syria. God’s curse be on him, I haven’t received a single Hibba from him during these hard times.” “How should Umer know about you, living so far away?’ asked Hazrat Umer. She angrily replied, “What kind of caliph is he if he doesn’t know how people are living under him”. Hazrat Umer cried bitterly outside her tent. He later fixed a daily allowance for all those who were poor, jobless, or were people with special needs. Anybody leading apparently an easy life, but availing himself of that allowance was personally tested on the caliph whenever possible. If found guilty, he was chided in such words as, “You have belittled yourself in my eyes”. During those hard times, Hazrat Umer was often found in a great agonizing state. He would cry and pray, “O God, do not inflict these people with hardships because of my doings”.

Hazrat Umer did not believe in the concept of pre-destination as did many of his veteran officials and Sahabis such as Hazrat Abu Obaida, and Hazrat Muaz bin Jabal. During the breakout of an epidemic in 639 in Syria and Egypt. The army had been stationed at a low lying area. Hazrat Umer asked the commander, Hazrat Abu Obaidah, to remove it to the higher lands. He refused to do so contending it was, “Ifrar min Qadrutullah, i.e. it amounted to running from Taqdeer-e-Illahi”. Meanwhile about 25 thousand soldiers perished. Hazrat Umer and Hazrat Umro bin al Aas always contented that the epidemic was a curse like the one which once had befallen Bani Israel. It needed to be dealt with “Tadbeer, logic and effort”. But Hazrat Obaidullah and later Hazrat Muaz died, sticking to their pre-fated philosophy, contending that it was a blessing in the sense that it was test of their faith in God.

In short he was the best example of an ideal character, and was the greatest “Khalifah” of Islam after Abu Bakr (R.A.). He selflessly devoted his whole energy for the cause of Islam. Muslims will always be indebted to him for his great achievements.

imbindas Saturday, May 21, 2011 10:46 PM

Umar ibn al-Khattab, al-Farooq (in Arabic, عمر بن الخطاب) (c. 581 - November, 644), sometimes referred to as Umar Farooq or just as Omar or Umar, was the second caliph of Islam (634-644). He is regarded by Sunnis as one of the first four Khulfa-e-Rashidun (in Persian and Urdu, خلفأے راشدین) (or "Rightly Guided Caliphs").

Umar was born in Mecca around 581 to the Adi clan of the Quraish Tribe. He is said to have belonged to a middle class family. He was literate, which was uncommon in those times, and he was also well known for his physical strength, being a champion wrestler.

When Muhammad first declared his message of Islam, Umar resolved to defend the traditional religion of the Quraish (regarded by Muslims as idolatry). With his sword in his hand, he set out intending to kill Muhammad. While on his way he was told that his sister had became a Muslim. He went to her and found her reciting verses of the Qur'an. He became infuriated and gave her a slap which caused a bloody wound. His sister did not lose spirit and eventualy Umars heart softened and he converted to Islam in the same moment.

Umar was part of the first emigration (Hijra) to Yathrib (renamed Medinat al Nabi, or simply Medina shortly thereafter) in 622 C.E. (also known as year 1 A.H., Anno Hegirae, in the Islamic Calender, which was instituted by Umar in 638). He was one of the companions, or close associates of Muhammad.

Sunnis claim that The Prophet once said that "Satan amongst men amd Jinn flee from Umar". Once a hypocrite amongst the Muslims had a fight with a Jew. It is said that the Jew knew that he was right and that Muhammad would favour him. So he took the case to the prophet. As the Jew had thought, the prophet decided that the Jew was right. So the Jew was favored. The Muslim hypocrite did not like it. He took the case to Umar. When the jew narrated how the prophet had made the judgement, Umar was so enraged with the Muslim hypocrite he told him to wait and went inside and came back with his sword and chopped his head off saying if you did not accept Muhammad's (Peace Be Upon Him)decision then you are not a Muslim you are a hypocrite. From that day Umar Sunnis claim that Umar was given the title "Al Faruq". It means one who can distinguish between the good and bad.

When war broke out between Mecca and Medina; Umar accompanied in several of the battles.



Hazrat Umar Farooq (Radi Allah Unho)

ELECTION

Before he passed away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) consulted the senior Sahaba and elected Sayyiduna

Umar (radi Allahu anhu) as the second Caliph of the Muslims.

EARLY LIFE

He was the son of Khattab and is famous in Islamic history as "Al Farooq" or "One who Distinguishes between

Right and Wrong." His acceptance of Islam is also very famous.

AS A CALIPH

Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) was a very brave and straight-forward person. He was tough and uncompromising

in Islamic principles. He was a great and talented ruler. During his Khilaafat, vast areas of the Roman and Persian

empires and the whole of Egypt were brought under Islamic rule. He was also a gifted orator. He was very concerned

for the welfare of the Muslims. He left a honourable legacy for Muslims after him. The Holy Quran was given to him

by Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) for safe-keeping.

APPOINTS NEW COMMANDER

Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anu) was a strong disciplinarian. He noticed the tremendous popularity of Sayyiduna

Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He felt that people will lose trust in Almighty Allah and put all their trust in

Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He feared that the people may think too highly of him, thereby possibly

increasing the self-esteem of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) which would also breed arrogance, so he

removed Sayyiduna Khalid (radi Allahu anhu) and appointed Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (radi Allahu anhu) as

the Commander in Chief of the Muslim army.

Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) happily accepted the orders of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and

then served as an ordinary soldier. This is an example of the Islamic teachings of obedience to leadership!

DEFEAT OF THE PERSIANS

Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) had left Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) in command of the

Muslim forces on the Iraqi front when he rushed to Yarmuk. Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) was finding it

difficult to counter the enemy and went personally to Madinatul Munawwarah to ask Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu

anhu) for re-inforcements. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) had by that time passed away.

Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu's) absence from the Iraqi front made things worse there. The Iranians

regrouped under the command of Rustam and recaptured the lands taken by the Muslims. Rustam sent 2 columns of

his army, one to Hirah and the other to Kaskar.

Islamic Article: Hazrat Umar Farooq (Radi Allah Unho)

NooreMadinah Network - [url]http://www.NooreMadinah.net[/url]

Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) sent Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah (radi Allahu anhu), as Commander, to deal with the

situation. Both the Persian columns were defeated. Rustam sent an even larger army and defeated the Muslims.

Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) raised another army and defeated the Persians. But the Persian court sent yet

another larger army, and forced Sayyiduna Muthanna (radi Allahu anhu) to withdraw. The report of the new situation

was sent to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and reinforcements under the command of Sayyiduna Saad bin Abi

Waqqas (radi Allahu anhu) were sent.

The Persian and Muslim army met at Qadisiyah. After a long battle on several fronts, the outnumbered Muslim army

defeated the 120 000 Persian soldiers and recaptured Hirah and their areas in the year 14 A.H. (636 C.E).

DEFEAT OF THE ROMANS

Muslims laid siege to Damascus during Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu's) rule as Caliph. It continued, after he

passed away, and lasted 70 days during the rule of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). After the long siege,

Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) took the Romans by surprise and entered the city. The Governor

surrendered and a peace treaty was signed.

CONQUEST OF JERUSALEM

Meanwhile, Sayyiduna Amr ibn As (radi Allahu anhu) was laying siege to Jerusalem. Sayyiduna Khalid, Sayyiduna Abu

Ubaidah and other Sahaba (radi Allahu anhumul ajma'in) also joined him. The Christians had little hope and decided

to give in. They also suggested that the keys of Jerusalem be given to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) himself

personally. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) went to Jerusalem. An agreement was signed that guaranteed the

safety of the city and the safety of the Christians.

ASSASSINATION

A Persian non-Muslim, named Firoz and nicknamed "Abu Lulu," complained to Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu)

about his master, Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shuba (radi Allahu anhu), who imposed tax on him. Sayyiduna Umar (radi

Allahu anhu) told Firoz that the tax was reasonable. This made Firoz angry.

The next day, during the Fajr Salaah, he stabbed Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) 6 times in the back, severely

wounding the Caliph. Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) passed away 3 days later in 23 A.H. He was 63 years old. He

ruled the Islamic State for 10 years, 6 months and 4 days.

REFORMS

In a short space of 10 years, Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had been well-known for his outstanding

achievements and reforms in Islam. Some of these reforms were:-

1. He established the "Baitul Maal" (People's treasury for the state and public).

2. Judicial courts of Justice were set in the country. Judges and Magistrates handled all cases.

3. Establishment of an army headquarters for the defence of the country.

4. Construction of roads and canals.

5. Schools were established. Salaries for Imams, Mu'azzins and Ustaads were organized.

6. Masjids were improved and built in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwarah. This included facilities

for the Haajis.

7. Police Stations and prisons were built.

8. Establishment of the first Islamic Lunar calendar beginning from the Hijrah.

9. Proper weights and measures introduced.

10. Population census established.

11. Built orphanages and welfare homes.

12. Established proper punishment system and banned slavery.

PERSONAL LIFE

Simplicity and devotion were the main characters of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu). He used to wear clothes that

had many patches and yet received Governors, convoys and diplomats. He took just enough allowance from the State

to have a simple meal and wear simple clothes. At times he was very poor. He used to visit the old people and sick

and even do their house work. He used to visit the houses of the soldiers and inquire about their families. He stayed

awake at night in Salaah and often kept Fast. He always supported and upheld the cause of Islam, with his wisdom,

energy, dynamism, bravery and little wealth.

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:04 AM

Hazrat Umar's Radi Allahu anhu respect for Maula Ali(ra)
 
1. Hazrat Umar Radi Allahu anhu stated that Ali Radi Allahu anhu is Maula of whom Rasool Allah Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam is Maula of.


2. Hazrat Saalim Radi Allahu anhu narrates that Hazrat Umar Radi Allahu anhu was asked why he treats Hazrat Ali Radi Allahu anhu with greater respect than any other Sahabi. Hazrat Umar Radi Allahu anhu replied, "He (Ali Radi Allahu anhu) is my Maula (Master).


3. Two Bedouins came quarelling to Hazrat Umar Radi Allahu anhu who said to Hazrat Ali Radi Allahu anhu , "O Abul-Hassan, Please settle the dispute between these two". Thereafter, Hazrat Ali Radi Allahu anhu made his judgement in favour of one of them. One of the men remarked, "Is he all who remained to settle our dispute?". On hearing this Hazrat Umar Radi Allahu anhu leapt towards the man and grabbed him by the neck (and lifted him off the ground) and said, "Do you know who he is?". He is my and every Momin's Maula (Master). Whoever does not consider him his Maula is not a Momin.


[B]take note and see the aqidah and mohabah between the Sahaba e Kiram and the Ahle Bayt e Azam.
The Sahaba e Kiram would give their lives for the Prophets Dear Household[/B]

nuzhat fatima Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:15 AM

Sayings of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w) about hazrat Umar E Farooq R.A:

1. I see that devil either from humans or jinn, runs away from Umar. (Tirimzi)

2. I saw in a dream that I was given a bowl of milk which I drunk and remaining I gave it to Umar. (Tirimzi)

3. No doubt, ALLAH has issue truth, on the tongue and in the heart of Umar. (Tirimzi)

4. I saw a dream that I am in the Heaven, there I saw Rameesa (my quilt aunt) and I heard someone's footstep, I asked: who is this?. I was answered: it is Bilal and I saw a palace with a handmaid standing in front of it, I asked: whose palace is this?. She said: Umar bin Khattab's. I wished to see it from inside but, Oh Umar!, I divided my attention from your shame. Hazrat Umar (r.a) said: My father and mother be sacrificed upon You, should I ponder from Your saying?. (Bukhari)

5. If some else Prophet should have been proposed by ALLAH after me, would have been Umar bin Khattab. (Tirimzi)

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:30 AM

Reforms by Umer(RA) the Great
 
Umar is regarded as one of the greatest political geniuses in history. While under his leadership, the empire was expanding at a unprecedented rate, he also began to build the political structure that would hold together the vast empire that was being built. He undertook many administrative reforms and closely oversaw public policy. He established an advanced administration for the newly conquered lands, including several new ministries and bureaucracies, and ordered a census of all the Muslim territories. During his rule, the garrison cities (amsar) of Basra and Kufa were founded or expanded. In 638, he extended and renovated the Masjid al-Haram (Grand Mosque) in Mecca and the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) in Medina. Umar also ordered the expulsion of the Christian and Jewish communities of Najran and Khaybar allowing them to reside in Syria or Iraq. He issued orders that these Christians and Jews should be treated well and allotted them the equivalent land in their new settlements. Umar also forbade non-Muslims to reside in the Hejaz for longer than three days. He was first to establish army as a state department. Umar was founder of Fiqh, the Islamic jurisprudence. He is regarded by Sunni Muslims to be one of the greatest Faqih. Umar as a jurist started the process of codifying Islamic Law. In 641, he established Bayt al-mal, a financial institution and started annual state sponsored allowance for the poor Muslims in Makkah and Al Madinah. A year later he also started allowance for the poor, underprivileged and old non-Muslim citizens of the empire. As a leader, 'Umar was known for his simple, austere lifestyle. Rather than adopt the pomp and display affected by the rulers of the time, he continued to live much as he had when Muslims were poor and persecuted. In 639, his fourth year as caliph and the seventeenth year since the Hijra, he decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from the year of the Hijra of Muhammad from Mecca to Madinah

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:34 AM

Umer(RA) love and reverence with Muhammad(PBUH)
 
Muhammad died on 8 June 632. Just before the death, there were a group of companions of Muhammad were near him when Muhammad asks that he want to write a will and hence require a pen and paper. Umar said that Muhammad is seriously ill and his brain is not working fully. Abu bakar also agreed on that. When Muhammad heard that, he ordered both to leave the room. Umar was full of grief upon hearing the news, Umar, the devoted disciple, could not accept the reality that the "Messenger of God" has died. According to the Qur'an, "Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers have passed away before", i.e. died or killed. It is said that Umar promised to strike the head of any man who would say that Muhammad died. At this point Abu Bakr is reported to have come out to the Muslim community and gave his famous speech which included:

"Whoever worshipped Muhammad, let them know that Muhammad is dead, and whoever worshipped God, let them know that God is alive and never dies."

Abū Bakr then recited these verses from the Qur'an:

"Muhammad is but a messenger; messengers (the like of whom) have passed away before him. If, then, he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heel?".

Hearing this from Abu Bakr, the most senior disciple of Muhammad, Umar then fell down on his knees in great sense of sorrow and acceptance of the reality. Sunni Muslims say that this denial of Muhammad's death was occasioned by his deep love for him.

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:36 AM

The Title of Farooq
 
The coming over of Omar made a difference for Islam. Hitherto, the Muslims had lived in constant fear of the non-believers. Some of them had not even made their faith known to the people. They could not say their prayers publicly. All this changed when Omar became a Muslim.

The first thing Omar did was to call together the chiefs of Mecca. Before this gathering he declared himself a follower of Islam. They started at him in silence. No one had the courage to utter a word of reproach.

Omar next requested the Holy Prophet to say prayers in the Kaaba. He himself led a party of Muslims to that place. A second party was led by Hamza. When all had gathered, they said their prayers in congregation. The Holy Prophet led the prayer. This was the first prayer of its kind said in the Kaaba.

When migration to Medina started, the same thing happend again. Most of the Muslims left Mecca silently and secretly. But Omar would not do so. He put on his arms. Then he went to the Kaaba and said his prayer. The chiefs of Mecca looked at him in silence. After the prayer, he shouted out to them, "I am leaving for Medina. If anyone wants to stop me let him meet me across the valley. His mother shall certainly have to weep for him in sorrow."

Despite this challenge, no Meccan would dare to stop Omar. These things earned for Omar the title of Farooq. Farooq is the one who makes a difference. Omar's acceptance of Islam had made a big difference for Islam and Muslims.

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:37 AM

Caliph Umar's inaugural address
 
After the assumption of office as the second Caliph, Umar soon realized that he was more feared than loved. Abu Bakr, his predecessor, was tender and soft hearted. Whenever he appeared in the streets of Madina, the children ran to him saying "Father, Father."

On the occasion of the first Friday prayer after his assumption of office as Caliph, Umar addressed the faithful assembled in the mosque of the Prophet in the following terms:
"Brethren, it has come to my notice that the people are afraid of me. They say when the Holy Prophet was alive, Umar was harsh to us. During the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar was hard and stern. Now that he has become the Caliph himself, God knows how hard he will be. Whoever has said this is not wrong in his assessment.

"The truth of the matter is that I was the slave and servant of the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet was most kind hearted, liberal and generous. In contrast I was hard and harsh. Sometimes he ignored my point of view. There were occasions when he agreed with me. Till the death of the Holy Prophet that remained the situation between him and me. Thank God, the Holy Prophet was pleased with me. Though the Holy Prophet sometimes accepted my advice, and sometimes turned it down, yet he approved of my conduct.

"During the caliphate of Abu Bakr my role remained the same. Abu Bakr was most soft hearted and tender. It was my business to bring the other side of the picture to his notice. He always took my point of view into consideration, but the ultimate decision lay with him. Sometimes he agreed with me, and I acted as his agent to enforce a decision which appeared to be harsh. Sometimes he did not agree with me, and I had to remain quiet. I am happy that throughout the period of his office, Abu Bakr approved of my conduct, and ultimately nominated me as his successor, although I did not covet the office.

"Now that the entire responsibility has come to vest in me, know ye brethren that you will feel a change in me. I will no longer be hard and stern in all matters. For those who practice tyranny and deprive others of their rights, I will be harsh and stern, but for those who follow the law, and are devoted to religion, I will be most soft and tender. I will not tolerate any person make any excess. He who commits any tyranny, him I will sternly call to account. I will be harsh and stern against the aggressor, but I will be a pillar of strength for the weak and the meek. They will find in me their best friend.

"Friends you have some rights on me, and I tell you of these rights, so that you may be in a position to call me to account. These rights are:
Firstly, that I should not exact any tax or other levy from you not authorized by law;
Secondly, that whatever taxes are lawfully realized from you are spent in your best interests;
Thirdly, it is incumbent on me that I should protect the frontiers of your land;
Fourthly, it is my duty to promote your prosperity and look after your interests;
and Fifthly, it is my obligation to do justice.

"O servants of God, continue to fear God. Suppress your selfish motives and work for the solidarity of the Muslims as a whole. In running the State, you are my partners. Help me with your sound advice. If I follow the right path laid down by God and His Prophet follow me. If I deviate, correct me. Strengthen me with your advice and suggestions. Let us pray for the glory of Islam."

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:38 AM

Sayings Of Umar
 
Umar was known for his great knowledge and wisdom. He often expressed his thoughts in words conspicuous for their wisdom. A number of his sayings have come down to us, and these show the depths and dimensions of his thoughts and expressions. We give hereunder the various sayings attributed to Umar, which we have been able to gather from various sources:
"Fear him, whom you hate."
"Do not put off today's work for tomorrow."
"Don't forget your own self while preaching to others."
"The less of the world, the freer you live."
"Avoidance of sin is lighter than the pain of remorse."
"The wisest among you is he whose sustenance is the fear of God."
"Praise God, for by praise His blessings multiply."
"Fear God, for that is fortune; indifference to God is misfortune."
"Be patient; patience is a pillar of faith."
"Acquire knowledge and teach it to the people"
"Be dignified, honest, and truthful"
"God forbid, men should be jealous of knowledge as they are jealous of women."
"May God bless the man who says less and does more."
"Allah loves moderation and hates extravagance and excess."
"As long as you are pure of heart, you speak the truth."
"Forgive the people so that God may forgive you."
"For the people prefer that which you prefer for yourself.
Which you do not wish for yourself, do not impose on others."
"Every ruler should keep his door open to the people."
"The way to express gratitude to God is to give Zakat out of the property that He has bestowed on you."

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:39 AM

When Allah Corroborated Umar the Great
 
Many instances are on record when Umar gave a particular opinion and that opinion was later on corroborated by Allah and conurmation thereof was communicated to the Holy Prophet through Gabriel. That is why the Holy Prophet repeatedly said: "God speaks through the tongue of Umar."

Umar suggested that the station of Abraham in Mecca should be used as a place of prayer. Later an injunction to this effect was revealed to the Holy Prophet.

Umar suggested that the wives of the Holy Prophet should be veiled. Later a verse was revealed enjoining the wives of the Holy Prophet to be veiled.

Umar suggested that the use of wine should be prohibited. Thereafter God enjoined the prohibition of wine.

Umar suggested, "The words 'I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God'

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:40 AM

Umar On his Death Bed
 
From the mosque Umar was carried home. When he regained consciousness he asked who was his murderer. He was told that his murderer was the Persian slave Firoz. Thereupon Umar said, "Praise be to God that I have not been murdered by a Muslim".

SYEDA SABAHAT Sunday, May 22, 2011 11:04 AM

join you soon!
 
GOOD attempt mr.bindas,i was also thinking to make notes of islamic his. from the begining. i am busy with my geo. notes now,but i will INSHALLAH join you in islamic histroy thread soon.

keep it up:). regards sabahat:))

one more thing bindas if you dont mind plz make bullet points so that member can understand it easily.and highlight important points. these are my suggestions if you like these.

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:18 PM

Review of Great Hazrat Umar's(RA) service to Islam
 
The period of Hadrat Umar's caliphate undoubtedly is the "Golden Age" of Islam in every respect. He was a man of extraordinary genius who not only moulded the destiny of the nation but made history of his own. He followed the footsteps of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) to the fullest extent. It was Umar under whose rule Islam became a world power and the mighty empires of Persia and Byzantine (Eastern Roman) crumbled before the arm of Islam. Within ten years of his glorious rule, the whole of the Persian Empire, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and a part of Turkey came under the banner of Islam and the nations entered the fold of Islam. He was not only a conqueror but also an exemplary administrator who originated an efficient system of administration, and thus he was the real founder of political system of Islam (to be discussed in brief in the next chapter). He enforced Divine Law (Shari'ah) as the code of a newly formed International Islamic State; he safeguarded the internal safety by introducing the police force: he gave stipends to the poor; he constructed cantonments and forts for the safety of Islamic armies; he founded new cities for the growth of Islamic culture and civilisation; he improved agriculture and economics of the Islamic State; he founded the educational system in an Islamic State; in brief he was the founder of a great Islamic State. We would discuss his achievements more elaborately in the next section.


[B]Character[/B]

He was a very pious Muslim. His success lay in two things-fear of Allah and his love for the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam). He never used even oil from the Bait-ul-Mal (Public Treasury) to burn a lamp at night for his personal needs. Whenever he finished the official work he put off the lamp. He used to patrol in the city at night to find out the needs and requirements, and conditions of the people. He did not hesitate to take his wife to work as a midwife for a poor woman. The salary he got from the Bait-ul-Mal was so low that it was hardly enough for him and his family's needs. When some of the eminent Muslims requested him to increase the amount he, said, "The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) has left a standard by his personal example. I must follow him".

Hadrat Umar was the most just ruler in the Islamic History. All the citizens, including the Caliph himself, were equal before law. Once he appeared before a court at Medina to clarify his position against a complaint. The Qadi (Judge) wanted to stand in his honour, but he did not allow him to do so, so that there would be no distinction between him and an ordinary person before Law. He was really the founder of modern democratic system.

In short he was the best example of an ideal character, and was the greatest "Khalifah" of Islam after Abu Bakr (R.A.). He selflessly devoted his whole energy for the cause of Islam. Muslims will always be indebted to him for his great achievements. As a matter of fact a separate book is required to describe his character and his services to Islam.

[B]
Hadrat Umar (R.A.) as a great scholar[/B]

Before the advent of Islam there was no tradition in Arabia of reading or writing. There were only seventeen people among Quraish who could read or write at the time when the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) started to receive Divine revelations. Hadrat Umar was one of those seventeen persons. His writing and lectures are still found in some old books. The first address he gave as a Caliph is as under

"O Allah, I am strict, make me soft. I am weak give me power. The Arabs are like refractory camels, I will endeavour to bring them to the straight path"

He was also interested in poetry and sometimes he composed verses. Umar (R.A.) was one of the most fluent Quraish. Arabic knowing persons can appreciate the fluency of his writings and addresses. Many of his sayings became aphorisms of literature.

He was a great Jurist and Theologian of Islam. Because of the fear of making any mistake he did not quote many Ahadith (Sayings of the Holy Prophet) even though he was fully conversant with them. He never allowed a person (companion) to quote any Hadith which was not well known without producing any attestator in support of it. If somebody quoted a Hadith before him which he had never heard, he at once asked him to bring a witness failing which he would be punished. He was expert in deriving laws from the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith. A full volume could be complied out of the verdicts and judgements given by Hadrat Umar (R.A.). As a matter of fact he opened a new door of Ijtihad' "(Disciplined judgement of a Jurist) in the history of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, and settled a number of disputable cases during his caliphate.


[B]Preaching of Islam[/B]

As the viceroy of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) his foremost duty was to spread and preach Islam. As mentioned above, the aim of various battles and wars was to clear the way for the Muslims for preaching Islam. Whenever any army had to attack a place it had to call the inhabitants of the place to Islam. Hadrat Umar was very strict in this respect and he had given standing orders to the commanders not to start war unless they had first invited the people to Islam. If they accepted it, there was no question of war and if they did not, then the war was fought only with those who were not giving a free hand to Muslims to preach the Right Path. No Person was ever forced to forsake his own faith and accept Islam.

The method adopted to preach Islam was demonstration by actual practice. For this purpose he ordered Muslims to establish their own quarters and present the practical shape of Islam before the population. Seeing the truthful way, the inhabitants of the glace were attracted towards Islam. No soldier was allowed to take any property or anything by force from the conquered people.

Because of fair treatment by the Muslims sometimes the whole army of the enemy accepted Islam. After the battle of Qadisiya a battalion of four thousand Persians accepted it. After the victory of Jalula, the chiefs of the place entered the folds of Islam along with the inhabitants. A commander of the army of Yadzgird, named Siyah accepted Islam with his battalion during a battle in Persia. All the inhabitants of the town of Bulhat in Egypt accepted Islam at one time without the use of any force only by seeing the piety of Muslims. A rich merchant and the chief of a place in Egypt, named Shata, accepted Islam with all the inhabitants of the place only after hearing about the character and piety of Muslims at the time when Muslims had not even reached that place. These are orally a few examples to show that Islam spread because of the character of Muslims at that time.

Umar (R.A.) was very strict in ensuring that no Muslims forced any non-Muslim to accept Islam. Through his advice, letters and addresses he made it clear to all the Muslims that they had to adhere to the ways of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) which was the only method to preach Islam.


[B]Wives and Children[/B]

Hadrat Umar (R.A.), married the following women during his lifetime

1. Zainab (R.A.), she accepted Islam but died in Mecca. She was sister of 'Uthman bin Maz'un. 'Abdullah Abdur Rahman (Ist) and lady Hafsah (wife of the Holy Prophet) were the children she bore to Hadrat Umar.

2. Malkiah bint Jarwal, she did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H. according to Islamic law. She gave birth to'Ubaidullah.

3. Quraibah bint Abi Ummiyah, she also did not accept Islam and was divorced in 6 A.H.

The above three marriages had taken place before Umar (R.A.) accepted Islam. After accepting Islam he contracted marriages with the following
4. Ummi Hakim bint-ul-Harith, she gave birth to a girl named Fatimah.
5. Jamilah bint Asim, she gave birth to a son who was named Asim. Though she was a Muslim she was di-vorced because of some other reason.
6. Umm Kulthum bint Hadrat'Ali (R.A.), she was married in the year 17 A.H. She gave birth to Ruqayyah and Zaid.
7. 'Atikah (R.A.)

Children

1. Umm-ul-Mu'minin Hadrat Hafsah (R.A.) the chaste wife of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) .
2. Ruqayyah, she was the youngest daughter of Hadrat Umar.
3. 'Abdullah........son
4. 'Ubaidullah...........son
5. 'Asim...........son
6. Abu Shahmah.......son
7. 'Abd-ur-Rahman.......son
8. Zaid........son


[B]Umar the pioneer of the Islamic democracy[/B]

Hadrat Umar (R.A.) was the pioneer of modern civilisation to form a state based upon the Islamic democratic system, the system which was incorporated in the West as late as 19th and 20th centuries. He was the greatest democratic administrator whose example is unparalleled not only in the history of Islam but also in the history of modern civilisation. A vast part of the Middle East, Persian Empire and Byzantium, was conquered during the ten years of his "Khilafat" (Caliphate) which he consolidated into a state governed by Islam i.e. laws. "As an administrator", says Prof. K. Ali, a Muslim writer, "he remained a model for all great Muslim rulers during the whole Islamic history". Another famous historian, Amir Ali says, "During the thirty years that the Republic lasted, the policy derived its character chiefly from Umar both during his life-time and after his death."

The constitution of Islamic caliphate during the time of Hadrat Umar (R.A.) was based entirely on the Islamic democratic system. All matters were decided after consultation with the "Shura"(The Council of Advisors) the details of which would be given in the following pages. He remarked, "It is essential for a "Khalifah" to consult his "Shura". Once he said, "I do not desire that you may follow anything that arises from my caprice". Hadrat Umar had clearly stated on various occasions that he should be obeyed as long as he was obeying Allah and the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam).

Muslims and non-Muslims were treated alike. Although the Arab peninsula was declared to be purely an Islamic State, his attitude towards the non-Muslims was very tolerant. He allowed the Jews and the Christians, living in the Peninsula, to stay there if they so wished and nobody would interfere in their religious affairs. To those who desired to migrate he ensured safe journey up to the borders. Hadrat Umar (R.A.) also gave compensation for their properties and other facilities.


[B]Islamic Republic based upon "Shura"
[/B]
As stated before all matters were decided after consultations with the "Shura", the Advisory Council during his time. There were three main types of "Shura". The first "Shura" consisted of very prominent and popular Companions like: Hadrat Uthman, Ali, 'Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Mu'adh bin Jabal, Ubayy bin Ka'b, Zaid bin Thabit, Talha and Zubair (R.A.). They were permanent members of the "Shura". All the important matters were decided in consultation with these persons. This "Shura" could be named as the Higher Advisory Council.

The second "Shura" was the General Advisory Council which consisted of many companions from amongst the Ansar and Muhajirin (R.A.). The Companions who participated in the battle of Badr were given priority in this "Shura". All matters of general interest were discussed with this "Shura". In this "Shura" were also included the chiefs of various clans and tribes.

The third type of "Shura" ranked in between the Higher and the General Advisory Councils. It consisted of some selected Companions among the Muhajirin and Ansar. Matters of special interest were put before the "Shura"

Whenever a "Shura" was called everyone of its members was fully allowed to give his opinion without any fear or hesitation. On various occasions Hadrat Umar said, "I am but an ordinary person like you. I can only request you to co-operate in the work with which I have been entrusted by you".

[B]
The way to call the General "Shura"[/B]

Since the Special "Shura" comprised only few members there was no special way to call it. The way to call the General Council of Advisors was that a man used to call the following words loudly: "As-Salatu Jami'ah," in the Prophet's Mosque from at high place. Hearing this call the people would know that a meeting of the "Shura" has been called and assembled in the mosque. Hadrat Umar first of all offered two raka'at Nafl (optional) Salat and then put the matter before the "Shura" Every person was allowed to give his opinion. Decisions were usually taken on the basis of unanimity or sometimes by majority. But the Khalifah was not bound to accept the decision of majority. In the interest of Islam and Muslims he could use power of veto if he considered it proper.


[B]Freedom of Opinion[/B]

Freedom of opinion was not only allowed at the time of meeting of the "Shura" but on all occasions. As a matter of fact Hadrat Umar’s period was an exemplary period as far as this principle of the democratic way of government is concerned. There is no other example in history when people gave their opinion so freely, and criticised the ruler (i.e., the Government) so openly.

The Caliph had himself introduced this principle, novel in those days, through his addresses. A part of one of his addresses is quoted as under

"0 people! I am but a trustee of your property and wealth, like a person who is trustee of the property and wealth of an orphan child. Had I been rich I would not have taken any allowance for my services. In case I needed I would have accepted only to the extent of the need. Friends! you have certain rights over me and you are fully allowed to claim your rights anytime. One of such rights is: Don't allow me to misappropriate the Indemnity Tax and the Booty. You have the right to check that the poor, the needy and disabled person amongst you should get allowances for their livelihood. You have the right to make sure that the borders of the State are safe and that you are not in danger."


[B]Introduction of Islamic Calendar[/B]

For the first time in the history of Islam, Islamic calendar was introduced in the present form by Hadrat Umar (R.A.). The date of start of this calendar was fixed as the date of the "Hijrah" (Migration) of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam). Thus the calendar is also known as the Hijrah Calendar.

[B]
Umar's (R.A.) Period was the GOLDEN AGE of ISLAMIC History[/B]

Thus we see that Hadrat Umar’s period was the Golden Age of the Islamic history when Islam was practised in its true form. Hadrat Umar (R.A.) Initiated 41 good practices during his period, which were based upon the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu'alaihi wa Sallam). These are known as "Awliat-i-Umar (the Initiations Of Umar). The details can be seen in the books of Islamic History like Tabari, Ibn-i-Athir, and Tarikh-i-Khulafa etc. Most of these initiations have been mentioned in the preceding pages in brief. Actually Hadrat Umar (R.A.) was the founder of ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY based upon the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam). [B]The words of the Holy Prophet are very true

"IF THERE WERE TO BE A PROPHET AFTER ME HE WOULD HAVE BEEN UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB." (Tirmidhi)

AND

"AMONG THE NATIONS BEFORE YOUR TIME THERE HAVE BEEN INSPIRED PEOPLE (WHO WERE NOT PROPHETS), AND IF THERE IS ONE AMONG MY PEOPLE HE IS UMAR". (Bukhari and Muslim)[/B]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 12:20 PM

AGRICULTURAL reforms of Umer(RA) The Great
 
[COLOR="Magenta"][SIZE="2"]He introduced far reaching reforms in the domain of agriculture, which we do not find even in the most civilized countries in the modern times. One of these was the abolition of Zamindari (Landlordism) and with this disappeared all the evils wrought (produced) on the poor tenants (lessee) by the vested landed interests. When the Romans conquered Syria and Egypt, they seized the lands of the tillers of the soil and allotted these to the army, nobles, churches and the members of the royal family. Hazrat Umar, on conquest of these countries, returned these properties to the local inhabitants who were the rightful owners of the land. The just and benevolent (kind) Caliph was exceptionally generous to the local tillers of the soil and even issued strict orders that no other persons including the Muslim soldiers who were spread all over these countries, should not be granted any piece of land for cultivation purposes. Such steps taken by the Caliph not only restored confidence among the local populace, but also gave a great impetus (force) to agriculture in these countries and contributed to the enormous increase in agricultural output. The tenancy became prosperous and their standard of living was much raised. It led to the easy realization of land revenues by the custodians of the state. According to a French historian, “the liberal policy followed
by the Muslims in the fixation of revenues and their land reforms have greatly contributed to their military conquests.” It was due to this liberal policy of the second Caliph that the Christian Copts of Egypt who were farmers always sided with the Muslims in preference to Roman Christians. The Caliph was not content with these reforms. He worked out beneficial schemes for the advancement of agriculture and constructed irrigation canals, wells, tanks and reservoirs in his vast dominions. He established a public welfare department which looked after such construction works and furthered these beneficial schemes. The celebrated historian Allama Maqrizi says that more than one lakh twenty thousand laborers were continually employed in such works through out the year in Egypt alone. A number of canals were constructed in Khuzistan and Ahwaz during this period. A canal called “NAHR-UL-AMIRUL MOMINEEN” which connected the Nile with the Red Sea was constructed in order to ensure quick transport of grain from Egypt to the Holy Land.[/SIZE][/COLOR]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:00 PM

REFORMS of Caliph Umer(RA) the Great
 
[B][COLOR="SeaGreen"]In a short space of 10 years, Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had been well-known for his outstanding achievements and reforms in Islam. Some of these reforms were:-[/COLOR][/B]

[B]1- He established the "Baitul Maal" (People's treasury for the state and public).

2- Judicial courts of Justice were set in the country. Judges and Magistrates handled all cases.

3- Establishment of an army headquarters for the defence of the country.

4- Construction of roads and canals.

5- Schools were established. Salaries for Imams, Mu'azzins and Ustaads were organized.

6- Masjids were improved and built in Makkatul Mukarramah and Madinatul Munawwarah. This included facilities for the Haajis.

7- Police Stations and prisons were built.

8- Establishment of the first Islamic Lunar calendar beginning from the Hijrah.

9- Proper weights and measures introduced.

10- Population census established.

11- Built orphanages and welfare homes.

12- Established proper punishment system and banned slavery.
[/B]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:02 PM

Great Umer(RA) APPOINTS NEW COMMANDER
 
[B]Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anu) was a strong disciplinarian. He noticed the tremendous popularity of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He felt that people will lose trust in Almighty Allah and put all their trust in Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu). He feared that the people may think too highly of him, thereby possibly increasing the self-esteem of Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) which would also breed arrogance, so he removed Sayyiduna Khalid (radi Allahu anhu) and appointed Sayyiduna Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (radi Allahu anhu) as the Commander in Chief of the Muslim army.[/B]

[B][COLOR="Magenta"]Sayyiduna Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anhu) happily accepted the orders of Sayyiduna Umar (radi Allahu anhu) and then served as an ordinary soldier. This is an example of the Islamic teachings of obedience to leadership![/COLOR][/B]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:07 PM

Hazrat Farooq e Azam (Radhiyallaho 'anh)
 
[B]Ibn Kathir writes: During the khilafah of 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with Him, the governor of Egypt wrote to 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with Him, asking for help as the river Nile had failed to flood. 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with Him, wrote a letter in return and addressed the river itself. This was then placed in the Nile, and no sooner as this was done, the Nile's water began to flood.

[Tarikh Ibn Kathir, volumes 1 and 8, chapter on Rivers and chapter on Khilafah of 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with Him.][/B]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:09 PM

Shaitaan was so scared of Hadrat Umar(RA) the Great
 
[B] Shaitaan was so scared of Hadrat Umar (Rady Allahu Anhu) that there is a Hadith where the Beloved Prophet (Salla Allahu Ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam) said, “If Hadrat Umar (Rady Allahu Anhu) is walking on a street and Shaitaan approaches him, Shaitaan will run away and take another street”. He was very brave. Sayyadina Umar (Rady Allahu Anhu) received the title “Farooq” which means the one who distinguishes truth from falsehood. He took part in all the battles with the Beloved Prophet (Salla Allahu Ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam) including the battle of Badr.
[/B]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:11 PM

Hazrat Umar's Devotion to the Beloved Prophet(PBUH)
 
[B]Hadrat Umar (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu) stood by the side of the Prophet (Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam) in all battles and expeditions. Great was his love for Allah and His Beloved Apostle (Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam). He never allowed any blood ties or friendship to stand in the way of this love.

The death of the Beloved Prophet (Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam) was a stunning shock to Hadrat Umar (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu). He could not believe it, so much so that he drew his sword and swore that he would cut off the head of the man who said the Messenger of Allah (Subhanahu wa ta'ala) was dead. He was overwhelmed with grief. Life without the Beloved Prophet (Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam) was unthinkable, he thought. And if the Prophet (Salla Allahu ta'ala alayhi wa Sallam) was really no more, as people said, what was going to happen to Islam and the Muslims? These dark thoughts blotted out all reason from Umar's (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu) head. Not till Hadrat Abu Bakr (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu) had reminded him of the clear verdict of the Qur'an al-kareem on the point did he come to himself.

Hadrat Abu Bakr (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu), during his calpihate, depended on Hadrat Umar (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu) for advice. That was because the Master, in his life-time, gave great weight to what Umar (Radi Allahu ta'ala anhu) said.

[/B]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:13 PM

Great Umer(RA) Caliphate (634 644 A.D)
 
[SIZE="2"]HAZRAT OMAR BIN KHATTAB (634 644 A.D.)

Just before Abu Bakr passed away, he consulted some prominent Muslims regarding a suitable successor. Everyone suggested Omar's name, who was then nominated to be the next Khalifah.

As soon as Omar took the office of Khilafat, he continued with the expansion of the Islamic state initiated by his predecessor. During the period 633 642 A.D., the Muslims fought a number of battles against the Persians. Some of these battles were:

Battle of the Chains fought during Abu Bakr's time
Battle of Namaraq
Battle of Jasr
Battle of Buwaib fought during Omar's time
Battle of Qadisiya
Battle of Jalula
Battle of Nihawand

In the last battle of Nihawand, the Persians were finally defeated and large parts of Iran came under the Muslim rule.

On the Syrian front, Muslims had already defeated the Romans in the battle of Yarmook, fought during the time of Abu Bakr. After the fall of Yarmook, the Muslims laid siege to the city of Jerusalem. A treaty was eventually negotiated between the Muslims and the people of Jerusalem according to which:

o the inhabitants' life, property and churches were given protection

o Islam was not to be forced on them

o the inhabitants were to pay the "jizya" or poll tax

o the Greeks were to be turned out of the City


In the year 639 A.D., Amr bin A's was sent towards Egypt. After a siege of seven months of the fort of Fustat and a heavily fought battle at Alexandria, the whole of Egypt came under the Muslim rule.

Omar not only conquered a vast area during his ten year Khilafat, but also implemented a great system of administration. Omar governed the state of Islam on the principle of democracy. Some of his administrative achievements are given below:

o He formed a Consultative Body of advisors called the Shura, and sought its advice and help in all important matters

o For the sake of convenience of administration, he divided the empire into provinces and appointed a governor for each province

o He strictly forbade the Arabs from holding or owning any land in the conquered territories

o He introduced a system of old age pension

o He introduced the Muslim era of Hijrah

o He established a department of finance

o He founded schools and mosques in different parts of the Islamic state

In the year 644 A.D., Omar was fatally stabbed by a Persian slave while he was saying his Prayer in the mosque. Omar bin Khattab was truly a great man. His, brilliant conquests, personal bravery and able administrative qualities, helped greatly in putting the young Islamic state on the right footings. He was very simple, honest, impartial and fore sighted. He was extremely strict in the following of Islamic principles, yet very kind and sympathetic at heart. He lived a very simple and unostentatious life.

Omar was always concerned about the proper discharging of his duties as the religious and political leader of the Muslims. He used to walk the streets of Medinah at night to make sure that the people were sleeping well and not in need of anything.

At Tabari, the great Muslim historian, narrates a conversation Omar had with Salman which shows the genuine fear of God the great Khalifah had in his heart. Omar once asked Salman: "Am I a King or a Khalifah?" To this Salman replied: "If you have collected a tax of even one dirham from the people and applied it unlawfully, you are a King, not a Khalifah."

On hearing this Omar is reported to have wept.[/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:15 PM

The caliphates after prophet muhammad
 
[SIZE="2"]Name of Khalifah Dates, AD yrs.

The Rightly Guided Caliphs of Medinah (632 6G1 AD)

1. Hazrat Abu Bakr 632 634 2
2. Hazrat Omar 634 644 10
3. Hazrat Uthman 644 656 12
4. Hazrat Ali 656 661 5[/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:16 PM

The Umayyad Caliphs Of Damascus (661 750 AD
 
[SIZE="2"]

1. Muawiah 661 680 19
2. Yazid-I 680 683 3
3. Muawiah II 683 683 1
4. Marwan 683 685 2
5. Abdul Malik 685 705 20
6. Walid I 705 715 10
7. Sulaiman 715 717 2
8. Omar II (bin Abdul Azeez) 717 720 3
9. Yazid II 720 774 4
10. Hisham 724 743 19
11. Walid II 743 744 1
12. Yazid 1II 744 744 1
13. Ibrahim. 744 744 1
14. Marwan II 744 750 6[/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:17 PM

The Umayyad Caliphs of Spain (929 1031 AD)
 
[SIZE="2"]
1. Abdur Rahman III 929 961 32
2. Hakam II 961 976 15
3. Hisham II 976 1009
1010 1013 33
4. Muhammad II 1009 1010 1
5. Sulaiman 1009 1010
1013 - 1016 4
6. Abdur Rahman IV 1018
7. Abdur Rahman V 1023
8. Muhammad III 1023 - 1025 2
9. Hisham III 1027 1031 4 [/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:18 PM

The Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad (750.1258 AD)
 
[SIZE="2"]

I. Abul Abbas as Safah 750 754 4
2. Abu Jafar al Mansoor 754 775 21
3. Al Mahdi 775 785 10
4. Al Hadi 785 786 1
5. Haroon al Rashid 786 809 23
6. Al Ameen 809 813 4
7. Al Mamoon 813 833 20
8. Al Mu'tasim 833 842 9
9. Wathiq 842 847 5
10. AI Mutawakkil 847 861 14
11. Muntasir 861 862 1
12. Musta'in 862 866 4
13. Al Mu'tazz 866 869 3
14. AI Muhtadi 869 870 1
15. Mu'tamid 870 892 22
16. Mu'tazid 892 902 10
17. Al Muktati 902 908 6
18. AI Muqtadir 908 932 24
19. AI Qahir 932 934 2
20. AI Razi 934 940 6
21. AI Muttaqi 940 944 4
22. AI Mustakfi 944 946 2
23. AI Muti 946 974 28
24. AI Tai 974 991 17
25. AI Qadir 991 1031 40
26. Al Qaim 1031 1075 44
27. Al Muqtadi 1075 1094 19
28. Al Mustazhir 1094 1118 24
29. Al Mustarshid 1118 1135 17
30. AI Rashid 1135 1136 1
31. AI Muqtafi 1136 1160 24
32. AI Mustanjid 1160 1170 10
33. Al Mustadi 1170 1180 10
34. AI Nasir 1180 1225 45
35. Al Zahir 1225 1226 1
36. AI Mustansir 1226 1242 16
37. AI Musta'sim 1242 1258 16[/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:18 PM

The Fatimid Caliphs of Egypt (909 1171 AD)
 
[SIZE="2"]

1. Ubaydullah Al Mahdi 909 934 25
2. Al Qa'im 934 946 12
3. Al Mansoor 946 962 16
4. AI Muizz 962 975 13
5. AI-Azeez 975 996 21
6. Al Hakeem 996 1021 25
7. AI Zahir 1021 1036 15
8. Al Mustansir 1036 1095 59
9. Al Musta'li 1095 1101 7
10. AI Amir 1101 1130 29
11. AI Hafiz 1130 1149 19
12. AI Zafar 1149 1154 5
13. AI Faiz _ 1154 1160 6
14. AI Azid 1160 1171 11[/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:20 PM

The Story of Hazrat Umar(RA) the Great and the Roman Envoy
 
[SIZE="2"][COLOR="Magenta"]Once the ambassador of the Emperor of Rome came to Madina with many gifts. Arriving at Madina, he enquired from the people the whereabouts of the palace of the King of Madina.

The people replied:
“Our King has no palace. However, our leader, the leader of the believers has a mansion – his respected self which has a special contact with Allah and which has become enlightened through the splendour of His nearness. Thus this has made him independent of the need for royal palaces. “

They further informed him: “You will find the leader of the believers, Hazrat Umar in the graveyard of Madina”.

The Roman Ambassador then went to the graveyard and there saw Hazrat Umar lying down, having taken off his shirt with a sheet covering the lower part of his body. He was lying down fast asleep on the ground with no throne or crown on his head. Neither were there any soldiers nor any bodyguards. But as the ambassador looked at his face, he began shaking with fear. Within himself he said:

“I have seen many great Kings in this life
And have been the companion and confidant of many Rulers. Never have I any fear for any King.
But the awe and fear I feel for this one
Dressed in such tattered clothing is causing my senses to depart.
This person without any weapons and without any forces sleeping here alone on this ground.
What is it that causes my whole body to shake and tremble in awe of him?
Even if I had seven bodies, they would not bear it and all would tremble. “

Then the envoy said to himself:

“This awe and fear that I feel is not for this one who is dressed in tattered clothes. In fact, this is fear of Allah for this tattered clothed one has a heart that is blessed with Allah’s contact and nearness.”

Thus this envoy, through the blessings of Hazrat Umar’ s company and grace converted to Islam.

Moulana Rumi (RA.) says:
“He who fears Allah and adopts a life of righteousness, him the jinn and men fear .
And whoever sees him is overpowered by awe and fear. “
LESSON
This story teaches us the lesson that true honour for men is brought about by true and deep contact with Allah and not by outward shows of beauty and adornment. But the foolish ones of our age are displeasing Allah and in spite of committing sins are endeavouring to acquire honour and respect by
building beautiful mansions, dressing in expensive clothing and putting their trust in their businesses.
But we see that the honour they acquire is such that in their absence, those very same people who honour them in their presence swear them.
Today, he may be the President of the country, but the moment he vacates that position or is removed from this position, then there is no more any honour for him in the newspapers. Similarly is the position of the Kings. But Saints of Allah, the Awliyaa Allah, are the true Kings. Hence they are called Shah. This is their true position and description in this world as well as after their demise. They continue to be mentioned with honour even after their death.
[/COLOR][/SIZE]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 07:29 PM

Asal Sikandar-a-Azam Hazrat Umer(RA) the Great
 
Article by Javed Choudhry
[url=http://www.javed-chaudhry.com/asal-sikandareazam-javed-chaudhry/]Javed Chaudhry Columns , Javed Choudhry Videos | Asal Sikandar-e-Azam – Javed Chaudhry[/url]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 09:56 PM

farooq-a-Azam (RA) The Great
 
A must Listen Audio Lectures on Life of Hazrat Umer(RA) the Great

[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gDYgLTuQxQ]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 1 Of 7‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nchrhRlfJ9w&feature=related]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 2 Of 7‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KLCAFRErLE&feature=related]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 3 Of 7‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eF4OX_6DckU&feature=related]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 4 Of 7‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqvIiblA3bc&feature=related]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 5 Of 7‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_M0MqpVIBQ&feature=related]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 6 Of 7‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oNPGz8_S8o&feature=related]YouTube - ‪~Khulfaahe Rashideen~- Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) = 7 Of 7‬‏[/url]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 10:05 PM

Lectures about beloved Umer(RA) by zaid hamid
 
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3GqrH5_cO0&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Lecture about HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA) by Sir Zaid Hamid part 1 of 6‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tN0M0GK4qg&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Lecture about HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA) by Sir Zaid Hamid part 2 of 6‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xX8QgFqS_sA&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Lecture about HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA) by Sir Zaid Hamid part 3 of 6‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKWl39xZrw4&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Lecture about HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA) by Sir Zaid Hamid part 4 of 6‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVJIDvI1vvo&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Lecture about HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA) by Sir Zaid Hamid part 5 of 6‬‏[/url]
[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54XV_p5L1is&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Lecture about HAZRAT UMAR FAROOQ (RA) by Sir Zaid Hamid part 6 of 6‬‏[/url]

imbindas Sunday, May 22, 2011 10:09 PM

when Jerusalem Handedover to Caliph of Islam Umer(RA) the Great
 
by Dr Israr Ahmed - Umer (RA) the Great

[url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-UBGhQxVE4&feature=related]YouTube - ‪Hazrat Umer R - Jerusalem Handover to him‬‏[/url]

Khanabadosh Monday, May 23, 2011 01:46 AM

and this is why i hate islamic history of css version...bunch of lies and rhetoric

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 09:33 AM

Sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) about Umer(RA) the Great
 
[B]

1. I see that devil either from humans or jinn, runs away from Umar. (Tirimzi)

2. I saw in a dream that I was given a bowl of milk which I drunk and remaining I gave it to Umar. (Tirimzi)

3. No doubt, ALLAH has issue truth, on the tongue and in the heart of Umar. (Tirimzi)

4. I saw a dream that I am in the Heaven, there I saw Rameesa (my quilt aunt) and I heard someone's footstep, I asked: who is this?. I was answered: it is Bilal and I saw a palace with a handmaid standing in front of it, I asked: whose palace is this?. She said: Umar bin Khattab's. I wished to see it from inside but, Oh Umar!, I divided my attention from your shame. Hazrat Umar (r.a) said: My father and mother be sacrificed upon You, should I ponder from Your saying?. (Bukhari)

5. If some else Prophet should have been proposed by ALLAH after me, would have been Umar bin Khattab. (Tirimzi)[/B]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 09:38 AM

Farooq-e-Azam Hazrat Umar(RA) ‘s Life
 
[COLOR="Magenta"][SIZE="3"]
During his last illness Abu Bakr(RA) had conferred with his people, particularly the more eminent among them. After this meeting they chose ‘Umar(RA)as his successor. ‘Umar(RA)was born into a respected Quraysh family thirteen years after the birth of Muhammad(Pbuh) Umar(RA)’s family was known for its extensive knowledge of genealogy. When he grew up, ‘Umar(RA) was proficient in this branch of knowledge as well as in swordsmanship, wrestling and the art of speaking. He also learned to read and write while still a child, a very rare thing in Mecca at that time. ‘Umar earned his living as a merchant. His trade took him to many foreign lands and he met all kinds of people. This experience gave him an insight into the affairs and problems of men. ‘Umar’s personality was dynamic, self-assertive, frank and straight forward. He always spoke whatever was in his mind even if it displeased others.

‘Umar(RA)was twenty-seven when the Prophet Muhammad(Pbuh) proclaimed his mission. The ideas Muhammad(Pbuh) was preaching enraged him as much as they did the other notables of Mecca. He was just as bitter against anyone accepting Islaam as others among the Quraish. When his slave-girl accepted Islaam he beat her until he himself was exhausted and told her,
“I have stopped because I am tired, not out of pity for you.” The story of his embracing Islaam is an interesting one. One day, full of anger against the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him), he drew his sword and set out to kill him. A friend met him on the way. When ‘Umar(RA) told him what he planned to do, his friend informed him that ‘Umar(RA)’s own sister, Fatimah, and her husband had also accepted Islaam. ‘Umar(RA) went straight to his sister’s house where he found her reading from pages of the Qur’ân. He fell upon her and beat her mercilessly. Bruised and bleeding, she told her brother, “Umar you can do what you like, but you cannot turn our hearts away from Islaam.” These words produced a strange effect upon ‘Umar(RA). What was this faith that made even weak women so strong of heart? He asked his sister to show him what she had been reading; he was at once moved to the core by the words of the Qur’ân and immediately grasped their truth. He went straight to the house where the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) was staying and vowed allegiance to him.

Umar(RA)made no secret of his acceptance of Islaam. He gathered the Muslims and offered prayers at the Ka’aba. This boldness and devotion of an influential citizen of Mecca raised the morale of the small community of Muslims. Nonetheless ‘Umar(RA) was also subjected to privations, and when permission for emigration to Medina came, he also left Mecca. The soundness of ‘Umar(RA)’s judgment, his devotion to the Prophet Muhammad(Pbuh) , his outspokenness and uprightness won for him a trust and confidence from the Prophet Muhammad(Pbuh) which was second only to that given to Abu Bakr(RA). The Prophet gave him the title ‘Farooq’ which means the ‘Separator of Truth from False hood.’ During the Caliphate {Khilâfah} of Abu Bakr(RA), ‘Umar(RA) was his closest assistant and adviser. When Abu Bakr(RA) died, all the people of Medina swore allegiance to ‘Umar(RA), and on 23 Jamadi-al-Akhir, 13 A.H., he was proclaimed {Khalifa} Caliph.[/SIZE][/COLOR]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 09:40 AM

Hazrat Umar’(RA) ‘s Caliphate
 
[B]“God has placed truth upon Umar’s tongue and heart. (Prophet Muhammad, pbuh, in a Ahaadeeth)”[/B]

After taking charge of his office, ‘Umar (RA) spoke to the Muslims of Medina:

[B] “…O people, you have some rights on me which you can always claim. One of your rights is that if anyone of you comes to me with a claim, he should leave satisfied. Another of your rights is that you can demand that I take nothing unjustly from the revenues of the State. You can also demand that… I fortify your frontiers and do not put you into danger. It is also your right that if you go to battle I should look after your families as a father would while you are away. “O people, remain conscious of God, forgive me my faults and help me in my task. Assist me in enforcing what is good and forbidding what is evil. Advise me regarding the obligations that have been imposed upon me by God…” [/B]

The most notable feature of ‘Umar(RA)’s Khilâfah (caliphate) was the vast expansion of Islaam. Apart from Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Palestine and Iran also came under the protection of the Islamic government. But the greatness of ‘Umar(RA) himself lies in the quality of his rule. He gave a practical meaning to the Qur’ânic injunction:

[B] “O you who believe, stand out firmly for justice as witnesses to God, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it concerns rich or poor, for God can best protect both.”
Al-Qur’ân Soorah An-Nisaa 4:135 [/B]

Once a woman brought a claim against the Caliph ‘Uma(RA). When ‘Umar(RA) appeared on trial before the judge, the judge stood up as a sign of respect toward him. ‘Umar {Radiyallaahu’anhu} reprimanded him, saying, “This is the first act of injustice you did to this woman!”

He insisted that his appointed governors live simple lives, keep no guard at their doors and be accessible to the people at all times, and he himself set the example for them. Many times foreign envoys and messengers sent to him by his generals found him resting under a palm tree or praying in the mosque among the people, and it was difficult for them to distinguish which man was the Caliph. He spent many a watchful night going about the streets of Medina to see whether anyone needed help or assistance. The general social and moral tone of the Muslim society at that time is well-illustrated by the words of an Egyptian who was sent to spy on the Muslims during their Egyptian campaign. He reported: “I have seen a people, every one of whom loves death more than he loves life. They cultivate humility rather than pride. None is given to material ambitions. Their mode of living is simple… Their commander is their equal. They make no distinction between superior and inferior, between master and slave. When the time of prayer approaches, none remains behind…”

‘Umar gave his government an administrative structure. Departments of treasury, army and public revenues were established. Regular salaries were set up for soldiers. A population census was held. Elaborate land surveys were conducted to assess equitable taxes. New cities were founded. The areas which came under his rule were divided into provinces and governors were appointed. New roads were laid, canals were dug and wayside hotels were built. Provision was made for the support of the poor and the needy from public funds. He defined, by precept and by example, the rights and privileges of non-Muslims, an example of which is the following contract with the Christians of Jerusalem:

[B]“This is the protection which the servant of God, ‘Umar(RA) , the Ruler of the Believers has granted to the people of Eiliya [Jerusalem]. The protection is for their lives and properties, their churches and crosses, their sick and healthy and for all their co-religionists. Their churches shall not be used for habitation, nor shall they be demolished, nor shall any injury be done to them or to their compounds, or to their crosses, nor shall their properties be injured in any way. There shall be no compulsion for these people in the matter of religion, nor shall any of them suffer any injury on account of religion… Whatever is written herein is under the covenant of God and the responsibility of His Messenger, of the Caliphs and of the believers, and shall hold good as long as they pay Jizya [the tax for their defense] imposed on them.”[/B]

Those non-Muslims who took part in defense together with the Muslims were exempted from paying Jizya, and when the Muslims had to retreat from a city whose non-Muslim citizens had paid this tax for their defense, the tax was returned to the non-Muslims. The old, the poor and the disabled of Muslims and non-Muslims alike were provided for from the public treasury and from the Zakaah funds.

‘Umar(RA)’s Death In 23 A.H., when Umar(RA) returned to Medina from Hajj;, he raised his hands and prayed,

[B] “O God! I am advanced in years, my bones are weary, my powers are declining, and the people for whom I am responsible have spread far and wide. Summon me back to Thyself, my lord!” Some time later, when ‘Umar(RA) went to the mosque to lead a prayer, a Magian named Abu Lulu Feroze, who had a grudge against ‘Umar on a personal matter, attacked him with a dagger and stabbed him several times. Umar reeled and fell to the ground. When he learned that the assassin was a Magian, he said, “Thank God he is not a Muslim.”[/B]

‘Umar(RA) died in the first week of Muharram, 24 A.H., and was buried by the side of the Holy Prophet Muhammad(Pbuh).

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 04:58 PM

Saying of Umer(RA) the Great
 
[B]Ahnaf Bin Qais (May Allah SWT be pleased with him) is reported to have said that he has heard Hazrat Umer (May Allah Be pleased with him) say :

1. He who laughs more, his fear is decreased;

2. He who jokes alot, he is despised;

3. He who does a specific task more, is to gain fame in that field/task;

4. He who talks more is disgraced and defamed;

5. He who is defamed besomes shameless;

6. He who becomes shameless, loses piety;

7. He loses piety his heart becomes (spiritually) dead;

8. Whose heart becomes dead; for him the fire of hell is most suitable. [/B]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 06:18 PM

Love of Moula Ali(RA) with farooq-e-azam (RA)
 
[B]Narrated Ibn Abbas:[/B]

[COLOR="Magenta"][B]While I was standing amongst the people who were invoking Allah for Umar bin Al-Khattab who was lying (dead) on his bed, a man behind me rested his elbows on my shoulder and said, "(O 'Umar!) May Allah bestow His Mercy on you. I always hoped that Allah will keep you with your two companions, for I often heard Allah's Apostle saying, "I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar were (somewhere). I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar did (something). I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar set out.' So I hoped that Allah will keep you with both of them." I turned back to see that the speaker was Ali bin Abi Talib. - Al-Bukhari Volume 5, Book 57, Number 26
[/B][/COLOR]
[B]Narrated Ibn Abbas:[/B]

[B][COLOR="Magenta"]When (the dead body of) 'Umar was put on his deathbed, the people gathered around him and invoked (Allah) and prayed for him before the body was taken away, and I was amongst them. Suddenly I felt somebody taking hold of my shoulder and found out that he was 'Ali bin Abi Talib. 'Ali invoked Allah's Mercy for 'Umar and said, "O 'Umar! You have not left behind you a person whose deeds I like to imitate and meet Allah with more than I like your deeds. By Allah! I always thought that Allah would keep you with your two companions, for very often I used to hear the Prophet saying, 'I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar went (somewhere); I, Abu Bakr and 'Umar entered (somewhere); and I, Abu Bakr and Umar went out."' Al-Bukhari[/COLOR][/B]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 06:20 PM

Umar and the Egyptian ... the peak of Justice
 
[B]
Once an Egyptian person took a part in race with the son of conqueror of Egypt and one of the greatest millitary commander of islamic history..Amr bin al'as(ra) ...the egyptian defeated his son...his son start beating tha poor Egyptian and said that we are the sons of respected people...that egytian came to Madina ...met umar(ra) and told this to umar(ra) ...umar(ra) called for amr bin alas(ra) and his son ..when both came ...umar(ra) asked his son that did you beat that poor Egyptan...his son said yes Ameer-ul-Momineen..... umar(ra) took his kane(kora) to egyptian and said beat him...on each stroke...umar(ra) repeated this sentence ..."beat the son of respected people" ......... when egyptian took his revenge ...umar(ra() said ...beat his father also...if his father had not on such a high post...his son would have done this !!!!!!![/B]

[B][COLOR="Blue"]then umar (ra) said that golden sentence of history[/COLOR][/B]

[B][COLOR="Purple"]A Amr bin aala's(ra) ...Logo ko to uun ki mao nai azad paida kiya tha....tum nai kab sai unahi ghulam banana shooru kar diya [/COLOR][/B]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 06:21 PM

umar and the fish..... peak of control
 
[B][SIZE="2"][COLOR="Magenta"]Al-Hasan said: 'Umar entered in upon his son 'Asim when he was eating meat and he said, 'What is this?' He said, 'We had a craving for it. He said, 'Every time you crave something, do you eat it? It is sufficient wasteful extravagance for a man that he eats everything he has an appetite for.' Aslam said: 'Umar said, 'There occurred to my heart a desire for fresh fish.' He (Aslam) said: Yarfa' mounted his camel and rode four miles there, four miles back, buying a basketful and bringing it back. Then he went to his camel, washed it, and went to 'Umar. He said, 'Let us go and I will look at the camel.' He said, 'Did you forget to wash this sweat beneath its ears? Have you tormented an animal for the appetite of 'Umar? No! by Allah! 'Umar will not taste of your basket [/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 06:23 PM

Ahadees quoted
 
[B][SIZE="2"]
1.prophet(pbuh) describing white palace of umar in jannah
2.prophet(pbuh) giving milk to umar..means knowledge...
3.prophet(pbuh) saw umar with longest shirt means knowledge of deen....
4.shaitan changes the road on which umar travels...
5.muahaddis and mujaddid of this nation...
6.allah put truth on umar tongue...
7.in dispute...quran revealed with umar pow..as ali...also said that..i given before ....
8.allah put truth on umar tongue...
9.prophet(pbuh) said...if thee had prophet after me..it would have umar...
10.prophet(pbuh) looking shaitans of men and jinn which fled from umar.....
11.truth shakes hands with umar...
12.allah place truth on umar tongue as said by abu zar ghaffari...
13.umar is the lamp of people of garden...
14.umar is the locked door of all fitnas..and will be broken...
15.his anger is might and his good pleasure is judgement...
16.shaitan afraid off umar...
17.every angel of heaven respect umar and every shaitan fear of him...
18.prophet(pbuh) said,...after me truth is with umar...
19.prophet(pbuh) dream of buket pulling by umar....
20.shaitan met umar..fell upon face...
21.jibril said that islam will weep over his death...
22.whoever angry wiyth umar..angry with me..whoever loves umar..loves me[/SIZE][/B]

imbindas Monday, May 23, 2011 06:26 PM

Professor Philip K. Hitti about Umar(RA) the Great
 
[B]Professor Philip K. Hitti[/B] in his book [B]History of the Arabs[/B] says

[B][SIZE="2"][COLOR="Magenta"]Simple and frugal in manner the energetic and talented Umar (634-644) who was of towering height, strong physique and bald headed, continued at least for some time after becoming the Caliph to support himself by trade and lived throughout his life in a style as unostentatious as that of a Bedouin Sheikh. In fact, Umar, whose name according to Muslim tradition is the greatest in early Islam after that of Mohammad, has been idolized by Muslim writers for his piety, justice and patriarchal simplicity and treated as the personification of all the virtues a Caliph ought to possess. His irreproachable character became an exemplar for all conscientious successors to follow. He owned, we are told, one shirt and one mantle only, both conspicuous for their patchwork, slept on a bed of palm leaves, and had no concern other than the maintenance of the purity of the faith, the upholding of justice and the ascendancy and security of Islam and the Arabians. Arabic literature is replete with anecdotes extolling Umar's stern character. He is said to have scourged his own son to death for drunkenness. Having in a fit of anger inflicted a number of stripes on a Bedouin who came seeking his succor against an oppressor, the Caliph soon repented and asked the Bedouin to inflict the same number on him. But the latter refused. So Umar retired to his home with the following soliloquy: 'O son of Al-Khattab humble thou wert and Allah has elevated thee, thou went astray, and Allah hath guided thee; thou were weak, and Allah hath strengthened thee. Then He caused thee to rule over the necks of thy people, and when one of them came seeking thy aid thou didst strike him! What wilt thou have to say to thy Lord when thou presentest thyself before Him'. The one who fixed the Hijrah as the commencement of the Muslim era, presided over the conquest of large portions of the then known world, instituted the state register and organized the government of the new empire, met a tragic and sudden death at the very zenith of his life when he was struck down by the poisoned dagger of a Christian Persian slave in the midst of his own congregation." [/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]


07:39 PM (GMT +5)

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