Notes for Preparation of General Knowledge Tests/Examinations
 

[B] Notes for Preparation of General Knowledge Tests/Examinations by various departments like PPSC, SPSC, NTS, CSS, PMS, KPPSC, BPSC, AJKPSC, COPMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS, NAVY, PAF, ARMY, POLICE. FIA(investigation). CUSTOM.[/B]

[SIZE="1"][B][SIZE="2"]General knowledge.[/SIZE][/B][/SIZE]

[B]The Largest, Longest, Biggest, Highest, Smallest in the World[/B]
 Largest continent is Asia
 Largest ocean is Pacific Ocean
 Largest bay is Hudson Bay
 Largest country (area) is Soviet Union
 Largest dam is Grand Coulee Dam, USA
 Largest desert is Sahara (North Africa)
 Largest gulf is Gulf of Mexico
 Largest Volcano is Manuna Lea (Hawai)
 Longest Corridor is Rameshwaram Temple (India)
 Largest land animal is Africa bush Elephant
 Largest land animal is cheetah
 Largest island is Green land
 Largest Lake is Caspian Sea
 Largest fresh water Lake is Lake Superior
 Largest mountain range is Andes, South America
 Largest peninsula is Arabia
 Largest planet is Jupiter
 Largest railway station is Grand central terminal, New York City, USA
 Largest railway platform is Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
 Largest Animal is Blue Bottom whale
 Largest Bird is Ostrich
 Largest sea is South China Sea
 Largest Cathedral is Cathedral Church of New York
 Largest Cemetry is Ohlsdorf Cemetry (Hamburg, Germany)
 Largest Church is Balisca of St. Peter in the Vatican City, Rome.
 Largest Country (Area) is Russia
 Largest Delta is Sunderban (India)
 Largest Desert is Sahara, North Africa
 Largest Dams is Grand Coulee Dam, USA
 Largest Hotel is Excalibur Hotel (Las Vegas, Nevada, USA)
 Largest Library is United States Library of Congress, Washington
 Largest Mosque is Jama Masjid, Delhi (India)
 Largest Mountain Range is Andes (South America)
 Largest Minaret is Sultan Hassan Mosque (Egypt)
 Largest Palace is Imperial Palace (China)
 Largest Park is National Park of North-Eastern (Greenland)
 Largest Platform is Grand Central Terminal, (Rly. Station), New York (USA)
 Largest Stadium is Starhove Stadium, Prague (Czech Republic)
 Largest Sea-bird is Albatross
 Largest Sea is South China Sea
 Largest Temple is Angkorwat in Combodia.
 Highest Lake is Titicaca (Bolivia)
 Highest Mountain Peak is Mount Everest (Nepal)
 Highest Mountain Range is Himalayas, Asia.
 Highest Plateau is Pamir (Tibet)
 Highest Road is Leh-Nobra, Ladakh division India.
 Highest Village is Andean (Chile)
 Highest Volcano is Ojos Del Salado, (Argentina) Chile
 Highest Rail Track is Kwinghai- Tibbet Railway (China)
 Highest airport is King Abdul Aziz international airport, Saudi Arabia
 Highest Airport is Lhasa Airport, Tibet
 Highest mountain range is Himalayas, Asia
 Highest Mountain peak Mount is Everest, Himalayas, Nepal
 Highest Waterfall is Angel (Venezuela)
 Highest City is Wenchuan, China
 Highest waterfall is Salto angel falls, Venezuela
 Biggest Airbus is Double Decker A-380
 Biggest Flower is Rafflesia (Java)
 Biggest Museum is American Museum of NaturalHistory (New York).
 Biggest Telescope is Mt. Palomar (USA)
 Biggest Cinema House is Roxy, New York
 Biggest Oceans is Pacific Ocean
 Biggest Palace is Vatican (Rome)
 Smallest Bird is Humming bird
 Smallest country (area) is Vatican City
 Smallest continent is Australia
 Smallest planet is mercury
 Longest River is Nile, Africa
 Longest River Dam is Hirakud Dam, India
 Longest Train is Flying Scotsman
 Longest Epic is Mahabharata
 Longest Day is June 21
 Longest Bridge is Huey P. Long Bridge (USA)
 Longest Canal is Baltic Sea White Canal
 Tallest animal is Giraffe
 Tallest Building is Dubai Burj (Dubai)
 Tallest Minaret is Qutub Minar, Delhi (India)
 Tallest Fountain is Fountain Hills, Arizona
 Tallest Tower is C. N. Tower, Toronto (Canada)
 Tallest fountain is Fountain hills, Arizona
 Oldest Theatre is Teatro Olimpico (Itlay)
 Lowest Water Level is Dead Sea
 Lowest mountains is Bhesnna Bhaile
 Hottest Place is Azizia (Libya)
 Coldest Planet is Neptune
 Rainiest Place is Mosinram, near Cherrapunji (India)
 Lightest Gas is Hydrogen
 Deepest ocean is Pacifi Ocean
 Brightest planet is Venus
 Most populous country is China
 Least populous country is China
 Least populous country is Vatican City
 Nearest Planet (to the Sun) is Mercury
 Farthest Planet (from the Sun) is Neptune
 Deepest Lake is Baikal (Siberia)
 Most Populous City is Tokyo
 Shortest Day is December 22
 Widest waterfall is Khone Falls, Laos
 Brightest star is Sirius (Dog Star) longest wall great wall of china
 Fastest Bird is Swift
 Deepest Oceans is Pacific Ocean
Tallest Animal Giraffe
 Fastest Bird Swift
 Largest Bird Ostrich
 Smallest Bird Humming Bird
 Longest Railway Bridge Lower Zambesi (Africa)
 Longest Canal (Ship) Baltic White Sea Canal (152 miles)
 Highest City Wen Chuan (China) 16000 ft.
 Largest Continent Asia
 Smallest Continent Australia
 Highest Country Tibet (The Pamirs)
 Largest Country(in population) China
 Largest Country(in area) USSR, now CIS (Common Wealth of Independent States)
 Largest Day June 21 (Northern Hemisphere)
 Shortest Day December 22(Northern Hemisphere)
 Largest Desert Sahara (Africa)
 Deepest Lake Baikal (Siberia) Average depth 2300 feet
 Largest Lake (fresh water) Lake Superior (USA) (31200 sq.miles)
 Largest Lake (salt water) Caspian Sea
 Largest Masque Jama Masjid,Delhi, area 10000 Sq.ft.
 Highest Mountain Peak Everest (Nepal) 29028 ft.
 Highest Mountain Range The Himalayas
 Longest Mountain Range The Andes (S.America),5500 miles
 Biggest Museum British Museum (London)
 Largest Punissula India
 Hottest Place (World) Azizia (Libya,Africa) 136 F
 Biggest Planet Jupiter
 Smallest Planet Mercury
 Highest Plateau Pamir (Tibet)
 Longest Railway Platform Sonepur Station(Bihar,India) 2480 feet long
 Biggest Telescope Mt.Palomar (USA)
 Longest Railway Tunnel Tanna (Japan) 13 1/2 miles
 Largest Road Tunnel Mount Blanc Tunnel (Between France and Italy),7 1/2 miles
 Largest Volcano Mauna Loa (Hawaii),crater 12400 in diameter
 Longest Wall Great Wall of China
 Rainiest Spot (World) Cherrapunji (Assam,India),annual Average 1041.78 inches Rainfall
 Lightest Metal Lithium
 Biggest Temple Angkor Vat,Kampuchia
 Wingless Bird Kiwi,New Zealand
 Hardest Substance Diamond
 Largest Animal Blue Whale,Recorded length 106 feet,Weight 195 tons
 Largest land-Animal African Elephant
 Biggest Flower Rafflesia (Java)Indonesia
 Largest Stadium Strahov Stadium in Praha,Czech Republic accommodation 240000 persons
 Largest Diamond Mine Kimbarley,south Africa
 Longest Corridor
 Rameshwaram TempleCorridor (5000 feet).




[B]General Knowledge About World Passes[/B]

• Vesuvius is a volcano in Italy.
• Swat valley is in the mountain range of... hindukash
• Saddle peak is highest peak in Anandaman & Nicobar islands.
• Karoko tao is a volcano in Indonesia.
• Approximately the south west monsoon begins in Pakistan in late July.
• Alpine is the highest mountain pass in the world.
• Siachen, batoro and chogo lugma glaciers are in Karakorum.
• April 1984, India conducted an Operation known as 'Operation Meghdoot’ to capture Siachen.
• Siachen Glacier is the Worlds Biggest Glacier outside the two Poles. It is also the world's Highest Glacier that is why it is refered to as "The Third Pole." It is also the World's Highest Battle Ground Ever
• Africa is without glaciers.
• Highest point of Asia is Mount Everest (Nepal-Tibet).
• Mount Aconcagua, highest peak in the western hemisphere, located in the Andes Mountains of western Argentina, near the border with Chile.
• Bodpo La pass is highest pass in Tibet (China) with height 19,412.
• Donner pass is in California (USA)
• Hispar & Biafo glacier is in Pakistan.
• Siachen glacier is in Karakoram Range.
• Baltoro gracier is in Karakoram Range.
• Chogo Lugma is in Karakoram range.
• Hispar glacier is in Hunza.
• Malaspina glacier is in Alaska (US),
• Namni Pass is in Myanmar.
• Khunjerab Pass is highest pas in Pakistan.
• Alpine Pass is in USA.
• Lowari Pass is in Pakistan.
• Khojak tunnel is in Balouchistan.
• Bolan (Sulaiman range) pass is in Baluchistan.
• Kolpur pass is in Baluchistan.
• Shandur Pass is in Pakistan..

[B]General knowledge about Famous Battles.[/B]
[B]World Famous Battles[/B]

Battle of Marathon
490 BC
Athenians and Persians. King Darius of Persia defeated.
Battle of Thermopylae
480 BC
Spartans led by Leonidas and Persians led by Xerexes. Greeks defeated.
Battle of Salamis
480 BC
Athenian fleet and Persian fleet in bay of Salamis; Persian fleet defeated.
Battle of Platae
479 BC
Greek and Persians forces defeated.
Battle of Mycale
479 BC
Greek and Persian fleets; Persian fleet defeated.
Spartan War I (Peloponesian War)
459 BC
Sparta and Athens, lasted for 30 years.
Spartan War II
431 BC-421
Sparta and Athens; Spartans victorious.
Battle of Arabia
331 BC
Greek and Persian forces; Greeks victorious.
Battle of Magnesia
190 BC
Syrian and Roman forces; Syrian forces defeated (North-west Lydia).
Battle of Pharasalus
48 AD
Caesar defeated Pompey.
Battle of Hastings
1066
William, the Duck of Normandy defeated Harold, the king of England. England came under the control of Normans.
Hundred- year War
1338-
1453
Fought between France and England .
The cause of the war was the succession was claimed to the throne of France which was claimed by Edward III of England. The war was resume by Henry V and was brought to an end by the Heroism of Joan of Arc – ‘A country girl who overthrew the power of England ‘. John of Arc was burnt alive at the stakes in 1431.
War of the Roses
1455-
1485
Civil War in England; The Cause of the
War was a struggle for the throne o England between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York.
Anglo-Spanish War
(Spanish armada War)
1588
Spanish and England fleets fought in the England Channel; The English fleet under lord Howard Defeated of the Spanish Armada.

Battle of
Gibraltar Way
1607
The Dutch defeated the Spanish and Portuguese.
Thirty-year War
1618-
1648
Stated as religious-cum-political war
Between the Lutherans and Catholics in
Germany and developed into an international war.
Civil War in England
1642-
1649
Between Cavaliers (King Charles I supporters)and forces of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell, king Charles I executed .
Battle of Blenheim
1704
England and Austria headed by Marlborough defended France and Russia.
War of Austrian
Succession
1740-
1748
Queen of Austria, Maria Theresa
(daughter of Charles VII ) was Challenged by king Frederick II of Prussia. England Supported the Queen and Frederick II was helped by France. Ended with a Treaty Which recognized the Queen’s right to the throne after the death of king Frederick.
Seven -Year War
(Anglo-French War III)
1756-
1763
Britain and France against Austria and
Prussia; the British alliance won.
Battle of the Nile
1798
British and French fleets, Britain victorious.
Battle of Trafolgar
1805
British fleet defeated fleets of France and Spain. British fleets were commanded by Admiral Nelson, who was killed during the Battle.
Battle of Austerliz
1805
Britain , Austria ,Russia and Prussia .On side and France on the other. Napoleon (France) defeated Austria and Russia.
Battle of Borodino
1812
Between France and Russia. Napolean invaded Russia at Borodino, and nearly defeated the Russians. However on reaching Moscow, his army suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. Napolean’s ill-fated attack on Russia market the beginning of the downfall of the French Empire.
Battle of Leipzing
1813
Germany and combined force of Austria, Prussia and Russia, Defeated Napolean.
Battle of Waterloo
1815
British forces and by Duke of Wellington (sir Arthur Wellesly) defeated French forces led by Napolean. Napolean was Captured and exiled to St. Helena where he died in 1821.
First Opium War
1840
China and Britain; Chinese yielded opium. It was a trade war.
Crimean War
1854-
1856
The Combined forces of the British,
French and Turks defeated Russia.

American Civil War
1861-
1865
Northern states of America under
Abraham Lincon defeated the Southern states and abolished the slavery.
Sino- Japanese War
1894-
1895
Japan Defeated China and occupied
Formosa and Korea.
Battle of Omdurman
1898
The British and Egyptian forces defeated
The forces of Khalifa (Mehdits).
Bear War
1899-
1901
The revolt of Transvaal Boers was
Suppressed by the British forces. Boers belonged to Dutch Protestant stock who opposed Britishers because of abolition of slavery by Britain.
Russo- Japanese War
(Battle of Port Arthur& Battle of Yalu)
1904-
1905
Russia and Japan in the sea of Japan.
Russia defeated; It led the wave of the idea of Asian Resurgence.
Balkan War I
1912
Turkey and Balkan countries (Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece), Turkey defeated.
Balkan War II
1913
Invasion of Serbia and Greece by Bulgaria. Bulgaria was Defeated by Combined forces of Serbia, Greece. Rumania, Montengro who stripped Turkey of most of its European territories.
world War I
1914- 1918
Central Power (Germany and its allies)
Against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Central power were deeated. Famous Battles : (1). First battle of Marne (1914)-
France defeated Germany.
(2). Battle o Jutland(1916)- Naval battle between England and Germany. England defeated Germany. (3). Battle of Verdun (1916)- Fought between France & Germany . (4). Second battle of Marne(1918) – France defeated Germany.
World War II
1939-
1945
Axis Powers (Germany and its allies)
Against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Axis Power were defeated. Famous Battle: Battle of EI Alamein (1942)-The Allies victory during the World War II and retreat of General Rommel’s forces.

[B]Muslim Rulers and Their Govts[/B]

1419 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by Ulugh Muhammad.
1420 In the Golden Horde Empire, Ulugh Muhammad overthrown by Daulat Bairawi.
1420: Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Death of Qara Yusuf; succession of his son Qara Iskandar. In Morocco, Assassination of Abu Said Usman; succession of his infant son Abdul Haq.
1421 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Muhammad I; accession of his son Murad II. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Al Muayyad, succession of Muzaffar Ahmad. Muzaffar Ahmad overthrown by Amir Saifuddin Tata, Death of Saifuddin Tata, succession of his son Muhammad. Muhammad overthrown by Amir Barsbay.
1424 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Daulat Bairawi, succession of Berk. In Algeria, The Halsida of Tunisia occupy Algeria. This state of affairs continued throughout the fifteenth century.
1425 In the Uzbegs Empire, Abul Khayr, a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in the western part of Siberia,
1427 In the Golden Horde Empire, Berk overthrown by Ulugh Muhammad who captured power for the second time.
1430 In the Uzbegs Empire, Abul Khayr occupies Khawarzam.
1434 Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Deposition of Qara Iskandar; installation of his brother Jahan Shah. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Qara Usman, succession of his son Ali Beg. In Tunisia, Death of Abul Faris after a rule of forty years, succession of his son Abu Abdullah Muhammad.
1435 In Tunisia, Deposition of Abu Abdullah Muhammad, power captured by Abu Umar Usman.
1438 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Barsbay, accession of his minor son Jamaluddin Yusuf; Yusuf overthrown and power captured by the Chief Minister Saifuddin Gakmuk. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Ali Beg overthrown by
his brother Hamza.
1439 In the Golden Horde Empire, Ulugh Muhammad withdrew from Sarai and found the principality of Qazan. Said Ahmad came to power in Sarai.
1440 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Hamza overthrown by Jahangir a son of Ali Beg.
1441 In the Golden Horde Empire, Crimea seceded from Sarai.
1446 In the Timurids Empire, Death of Shah Rukh, succession of Ulugh Beg. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Second battle of Kossova resulting in the victory of the Turks. Serbia annexed to Turkey and Bosnia became its vassal.
1447 In the Golden Horde Empire, Astra Khan seceded from Sarai.
1449 In the Uzbegs Empire, Abul Khayr captures Farghana. In the Timurids Empire, Death of Ulugh Beg, succession of Abdul Latif.
1450 In the Timurids Empire, Assassination of Abdul Latif, accession of Abu Said.
1451 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Murad II; accession of his son Muhammad II.
1453 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Capture of Constantinople by the Turks. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Jahangir; accession of his son Uzun Hasan. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Usman. Usman overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Inal.
1454 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Attack against Wallachia, Wallachia became a vassal state of Turkey.
1456 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Serbia.
1461 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Saifuddin Inal, succession of his son Shahabuddin Ahmad. Shahabuddin Ahmad overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Khushqadam.
1462 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Albania.
1465 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Said Ahmad, succession of his son Khan Ahmad. In Morocco, Assassination of Abdul Haq. End of the Marinid rule. Power snatched by Sharif Muhammad al Jati.
1467 Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black Sheep Turkoman rule. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Jahan Shah of the Black Sheep attacked the White Sheep. Jahan Shah was defeated and the Black Sheep territories annexed by the White Sheep. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of
Khushqadam, accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of Yel Bey, power captured by the Mamluk General Temur Bugha.
1468 In the Uzbegs Empire, Death of Abul Khayr, succession of his son Haidar Sultan. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Uzun Hasan defeated the Timurids at the battle of Qarabagh whereby the White Sheep became the masters of Persia and Khurasan. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Deposition of Femur Bugha, power captured by the Mamluk
General Qait Bay.
1469 In the Timurids Empire, Death of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan Hussain Baygara cam
e to power and he ruled during the remaining years of the fifteenth century.
1472 In Morocco, Sharif Muhammad al Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh who establishes the rule of the Wattisid dynasty.
1473 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, War against Persia; Persians defeated.
1475 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Crimea. War against Venice. Turkey became the master of the Aegean Sea
1478 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Uzun Hasan, succession of his son Khalil.
1479 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Khalil overthrown by his uncle Yaqub.
1480 In the Golden Horde Empire, Assassination of Khan Ahmad, succession of his son Said Ahmad II.
1481 In the Golden Horde Empire, Said Ahmad I1 overthrown by his brother Murtada. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Muhammad II, accession of Bayazid II.
1488 In the Uzbegs Empire, Death of Haider Sultan, succession of his nephew Shaybani Khan. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Umar Usman after a rule of 52 years, succession of Abu Zikriya Yahya.
1489 In Tunisia, Abu Zikriya Yahya overthrown by Abul Mumin.
1490 In Tunisia, Abul Mumin overthrown, power recaptured by Abu Yahya.
1493 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Yaqub. accession of his son Bayangir.
1495 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Bayangir overthown by his cousin Rustam.
1496 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Abdication of Qait Bay, succession of his son Nasir Muhammad.
1497 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Rustam overthrown by Ahmad. Anarchy and fragmentation.
1498 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Deposition of Nasir Muhammad, power captured by Zahir Kanauh.
1499 In the Uzbegs Empire, Shayhani Khan conquered Transoxiana. In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Murtada, succession of Said Ahmad III." In the Ottoman Turks Empire, The Turks defeated the Venetian fleet in the battle of Lepanto.
1500 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat.
1501 Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion.
1507 The Portuguese under d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf.
1508 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, End of the White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their territories by the Safawids.
1511 D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca from the Muslims.
1517 The Ottoman Sultan Selim Yavuz ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt.
1520 The reign of Sulaiman the Magnificent begins.
1526 Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohacs.
1526 The Battle of Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and.
Agra.
1528 The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary.
1529 Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna.
1550 The architect Sinan builds the Suleymaniye mosque in Istanbul.
1550 The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Atjeh in Sumatra.
1550 Islam spreads to Java, the Moluccas, and Borneo.
1556 The death of Sulaiman the Magnificent.
1568 Alpujarra uprising of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism ) in Spain.
1571 The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the.
Mediterranean is brought to a close.
1578 The Battle of the Three Kings at Qasr al-Kabir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.
1588 Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I begins.
1591 Mustaili Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis.
1600 Sind annexed by the Mughals. End of the Arghun rule in Sind..


[B]List of Nobel Prize 2014 Winners Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Economics.[/B]

[B]The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014[/B]
Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura
Isamu Akasaki is a Japanese scientist
Hiroshi Amano is a Japanese physicist
Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-American professor
They awarded for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"


[B]The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014[/B]
Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner
Robert Eric Betzig is an American physicist based at the Janelia Farm Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia
Stefan Walter Hell is a Romanian-born German physicist
William Esco Moerner is an American physical chemist
They awarded for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"

[B]The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014[/B]
John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser
John O'Keefe,is an American-British neuroscientist and a professor at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and the Department of Anatomy at University College London.
May-Britt Moser is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist
Edvard Ingjald Moser is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist
They awarded for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"

[B]The Nobel Prize in Literature 2014[/B]
Patrick Modiano
Jean Patrick Modiano is a French novelist.
He was awarded for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation"

[B]The Nobel Peace Prize 2014[/B]
Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai
Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian children's rights advocate and an activist against child labour.
Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate They awarded the prize for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"

[B]The Nobel Economics Prize 2014[/B]
Jean Tirole is a French professor of economics. He focuses on industrial organization, game theory, banking and finance, and economics and psychology.
He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his analysis of market power and regulation.

[B]Current heads Presidents Prime Ministers of World Countries[/B]

[B]Afghanistan[/B] President - Ashraf Ghani Prime Minister - Abdullah Abdullah
[B]Bangladesh[/B] President - Abdul Hamid Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina
[B] Bhutan[/B] King - Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Prime Minister - Tshering Tobgay
[B]China[/B] President - Xi Jinping Premier of the State Council - Li Keqiang
[B] Egypt[/B] President - Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Prime Minister - Ibrahim Mahlab
[B] France[/B] President - François Hollande Prime Minister - Manuel Valls.
[B]Germany[/B] Federal President - Joachim Gauck Federal Chancellor - Angela Merkel
[B]India[/B] President - Pranab Mukherjee Prime Minister - Narendra Modi
[B]Iran[/B] Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. President - Hassan Rouhani
[B]Iraq[/B] President - Fuad Masum Prime Minister - Haider Al-Abadi
[B]Israel[/B] President - Reuven Rivlin Prime Minister - Benjamin Netanyahu
[B]Malaysia[/B] Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Abdul Halim Prime Minister - Najib Razak
[B]Maldives[/B] President - Abdulla Yameen
[B]Nepal[/B] President - Ram Baran Yadav Prime Minister - Sushil Koirala
[B]Pakistan[/B] President - Mamnoon Hussain Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
[B]Palestine[/B] President - Mahmoud Abbas Prime Minister - Rami Hamdallah
[B]Sri Lanka[/B] President - Mahinda Rajapaksa Prime Minister - D. M. Jayaratne
[B]Turkey[/B] President - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Prime Minister - Ahmet [B]Davutoğlu
United Kingdom[/B] Queen - Elizabeth II Prime Minister - David Cameron
[B]United States[/B] .President - Barack Obama
[B]Russia[/B]. President - Vladimir Putin Chairman of the Government - Dmitry Medvedev
[B]Saudi Arabia[/B].King and Prime Minister – Abdullah.

[B]Pak Air Force MCQs and Current affairs 1947-2013[/B]
[B]Founded 14 August 1947[/B]
Size 65,000 full-time personnel
(including 3,000 pilots)
10,000 reservists
Air Headquarters AHQ, Islamabad
Engagements
1947 Indo-Pak War
1965 Rann of Kutch Skirmish
1965 Indo-Pak War
1971 Indo-Pak War
1979–1988 Soviet-Afghan War
1999 Kargil Conflict
2001-2002 Indo-Pak Stand-off
War in North-West Pakistan (2007-present)

[B]Past Chiefs of the Air Staff[/B]

01- Air Vice Marshal Allan Perry-Keene ( August 15, 1947 To February 17, 1949 )
02- Air Vice Marshal Sir Richard Atcherley ( February 18, 1949 To May 6, 1951 )
03- Air Vice Marshal Leslie William Cannon ( May 7, 1951 To June 19, 1955 )
04- Air Vice Marshal Sir Arthur McDonald ( June 20, 1955 To July 22, 1957 )
05- Air Marshal Asghar Khan ( July 23, 1957 To July 22, 1965 )
06- Air Marshal Nur Khan ( July 23, 1965 To August 31, 1969 )
07- Air Marshal Abdul Rahim Khan ( September 1, 1969 TO March 2, 1972 )
08- Air Marshal Zafar Chaudhry ( March 3, 1972 To April 15, 1974 )
09- Air Chief Marshal Zulfiqar Ali Khan ( April 16, 1974 To July 22, 1978 )
10- Air Chief Marshal Anwar Shamim ( July 23, 1978 To March 5, 1985 )
11- Air Chief Marshal Jamal A. Khan ( March 6, 1985 To March 8, 1988 )
12- Air Chief Marshal Hakimullah ( March 9, 1988 To March 9, 1991 )
13- Air Chief Marshal Farooq Feroze Khan ( March 9, 1991 To November 8, 1994 )
14- Air Chief Marshal Abbas Khattak ( November 9, 1994 To November 7, 97 )
15- Air Chief Marshal Parvaiz Mehdi Qureshi ( November 8, 1997 To November 20, 2000 )
16- Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir ( November 20, 2000 To February 20, 2003 )
17- Air Chief Marshal Kaleem Saadat ( March 18, 2003 To March 18, 2006 )
18- Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Mahmood Ahmed ( March 18, 2006 To March 18, 2009 )
19- Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman ( March 18, 2009 - To March 19, 2012 )
20- Air Chief Masrshal Tahir Rafique Butt ( March 19, 2012 - To Present )

very nice