Assistant Director ANF paper is going to held on 28th of this month




http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/icms/admin/fi...se-IV-2013.pdf

brother zaigham shah I want to contact you.I have send you mail and request on skype as well. . Kindly check that.
Regards

__________________
shikwa e zulmat e shab se to kahi'n behtar tha
apnay hissay ki koi shama jalatay jatay

AOA .. JI RAJA bhai , how can i help you ?? it will be a pleasure for me to help anyone , though it will increase the rate of competition for me .. still i believe on that "Milta wohi hai , jo naseeb mai hota hai" ..

__________________
A positive attitude gives you power over your circumstances instead of your circumstances having power over you ..

GLOSSARY OF DRUG POLICY RELATED TERMS

These definitions relate both to terms used in the CUC draft Alternatives to Drug Prohibition Social Responsibility Resolution, and to terms used in discussions arising from those recommendations. They are drawn from the Canadian Senate report "Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy", from the First Unitarian Church of Victoria drug panel of April 8, 2002, and from the Vancouver Unitarian Church congregational meeting of March 9, 2003.
Abuse
Vague term with a variety of meanings depending on the social, medical and legal contexts. Some equate any use of illicit drugs to abuse: for example, the international conventions consider that any use of drugs other than for medical or scientific purposes is abuse. The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association defines abuse as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as defined by one or more of four criteria.
Addiction
General term referring to the concepts of tolerance and dependency. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) addiction is the repeated use of a psychoactive substance to the extent that the user is periodically or chronically intoxicated, shows a compulsion to take the preferred substance, has great difficulty in voluntarily ceasing or modifying substance use, and exhibits determination to obtain the substance by almost any means. Some authors prefer the term addiction to dependence, because the former also refers to the evolutive process preceding dependence.
Alcohol
Alcohol is considered a drug because its main ingredient, ethanol, acts on the brain as a depressant. Tolerance is created with regular use of alcohol and results in more alcohol being needed each time to achieve the same effect. The short-term effects of alcohol include impairment of motor and perceptual skills, gastric stimulation and relaxation of inhibitions. The long-term risks associated with abuse are cirrhosis of the liver, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematologic disorders, neurological damage, hepatitis, heart disease, and overdose.
Amphetamine-like "new" drugs
MDA and MDMA. Both synthesized drugs are known as psychedelic amphetamines. They possess psychedelic properties like LSD and have the stimulant properties of amphetamines. MDMA is also known as "Ecstasy' or "Adam".
Cannabis
Three varieties of the cannabis plant exist: cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruredalis. Cannabis sativa is the most commonly found, growing in almost any soil condition. The cannabis plant has been known in China for about 6000 years. The flowering tops and leaves are used to produce the smoked cannabis. Common terms used to refer to cannabis are pot, marijuana, dope, ganja, hemp. Hashish is produced from the extracted resin. Classified as a psychotropic drugs, cannabis is a modulator of the central nervous system.
Cocaine & Crack
Cocaine is one of the most powerful central nervous system stimulants known. It produces heightened alertness, inhibition of appetite, and intense feelings of euphoria and has been widely used in medicine as a local anesthetic. Cocaine is found in the leaves of a South American shrub called the Erythroxylon coca. Crack is a form of cocaine that has been chemically altered so that it can be smoked. It looks like small lumps or shavings of soap but has the texture of porcelain. Street terms for cocaine include Snow, Rock, Nose Candy, and Coke.
Decriminalization
Removal of a behaviour or activity from the scope of the criminal justice system. A distinction is usually made between de jure decriminalization, which entails an amendment to criminal legislation, and de facto decriminalization, which involves an administrative decision not to prosecute acts that nonetheless remain against the law. Decriminalization concerns only criminal legislation, and does not mean that the legal system has no further jurisdiction of any kind in this regard: other, non-criminal, laws may regulate the behaviour or activity that has been decriminalized (civil or regulatory offenses, etc.).
Depenalization
The removal of legal penalties for the possession of drugs for personal use. It differs from decriminalization in that in the latter civil fines are often substituted for criminal charges. Those who can pay fines do so, and those who cannot, often then face criminal charges. Because civil fines are often levied with greater frequency than criminal charges, decriminalization in some jurisdictions has resulted in more criminal charges for possession than before decriminalization, in a two level class based administration of justice.
Dependence
State where the user continues its use of the substance despite significant health, psychological, relational, familial or social problems. Dependence is a complex phenomenon, which may have genetic components. Psychological dependence refers to the psychological symptoms associated with craving and physical dependence to tolerance and the adaptation of the organism to chronic use.
Designer Drugs
Synthetic substances that are prepared by underground chemists to resemble existing potent but legal drugs, usually in the narcotic or amphetamine categories.
Diversion
The substitution of other sanctions for imprisonment, e.g., enforced treatment. In most jurisdictions there is not at present enough treatment space for those who wish it.
Dopamine
Neuromediator involved in the mechanisms of pleasure.
Drug
Generally used to refer to illicit rather than licit substances (such as nicotine, alcohol or medicines). In pharmacology, the term refers to any chemical agent that alters the biochemical or physiological processes of tissues or organisms. In this sense, the term drug refers better to any substance which is principally used for its psychoactive effects.
Gateway (theory)
Theory suggesting a sequential pattern in involvement in drug use from nicotine to alcohol, to cannabis and then "hard" drugs. The theory rests on a statistical association between the use of hard drugs and the fact that these users have generally used cannabis as their first illicit drug. This theory has not been validated by empirical research and is considered outdated.
Habituation
A psychological dependence on a drug, or related activity, to maintain a mental state of satisfaction. Many drugs are both addicting and habituating.
Harm Reduction >
Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies with the goal of meeting drug users "where they're at" to help them reduce any harms associated with their drug use. Because harm reduction demands that interventions and policies designed to serve drug users reflect specific individual and community needs, there is no universal definition of or formula for implementing harm reduction. Perhaps the most controversial harm reduction method is safe injection sites.
Hashish
Resinous extract from the flowering tops of the cannabis plant and transformed into a paste.
Heroin
Narcotic analgesic with pain-killing and addictive properties. Heroin is a semi-synthetic compound made by chemical modification of morphine. Morphine and Codeine are derivatives of opium, which comes from the Asian poppy plant. In the body, heroin rapidly converts back to its chief active metabolite, morphine. Street terms for heroin include Smack, Junk, Horse, and Black Tar. The short-term effects of heroin are pain relief, decreased respiration, constipation, nausea, itching, and sweating. Long-term risks include mood instability, reduced libido, constipation, and overdose.
Illicit
Not permitted, unlawful.
Interdiction
Intercept, prohibition, or banishment; a governmental prohibition of commercial trade, intended to bring about an entire cessation for the time being of all trade.
International Conventions
Various international conventions have been adopted by the international community since 1912, first under the Society of Nations and then under the United Nations, to regulate the possession, use, production, distribution, sale, etc., of various psychotropic substances. Currently, the three main conventions are the 1961 Single Convention, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substance and the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic. Canada is a signatory to all three conventions. Subject to countries' national constitutions, these conventions establish a system of regulation where only medical and scientific uses are permitted. This system is based on the prohibition of source plants (coca, opium and cannabis) and the regulation of synthetic chemicals produced by pharmaceutical companies.
Intoxication
Disturbance of the physiological and psychological systems resulting from a substance. Pharmacology generally distinguishes four levels: light, moderate, serious and fatal.
Legalization
Regulatory system allowing the culture, production, marketing, sale and use of substances. Although none currently exist in relation to "street-drugs" (as opposed to alcohol or tobacco which are regulated products), a legalization system could take two forms: without any state control (free markets) and with state controls (regulatory regime).
Licit
Conforming to the requirements of law. Licit drugs include alcohol and nicotine.
LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the most powerful and well-known of all hallucinogens. LSD is a colourless, tasteless powder that can be found in a capsule or in a pill. Since the powder is extremely water soluble, and easily absorbed, drops of LSD are placed on blotters. LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs produce significant changes in perception, mood, and thought. These very often include visual hallucinations and distortions, where the user is aware that these experiences are not real. Short-term effects of LSD include perceptual distortion, heightened sensory experiences, increased blood pressure, and nausea. Long-term risks include possible flashbacks, tolerance to effects, and some psychological difficulties for a few.
Marijuana
Mexican term originally referring to a cigarette of poor quality. Has now become equivalent for cannabis.
Methadone
A synthetic narcotic drug; an orally effective analgesic similar in action to morphine but with slightly greater potency and longer duration. Used as a replacement for morphine and heroin.
Methamphetamine
A new synthesized form of the well-known drug methamphetamine or "Speed." Methamphetamine produces mainly central nervous system stimulation, reduction of hunger, and an overall feeling of well-being. The term ice is a street name that refers to a form of crystal methamphetamine (actually methylmethamphetamine) which can be smoked. Street terms for methamphetamine include Speed, Crank, Crystal, and Meth, depending on the physical form (crystal vs powder), the geographical area, and the dealer.
Morphine
The chief active ingredient in opium.
Mushrooms & Cacti
Other hallucinogens include mescaline, the naturally-occurring hallucinogen found in the Mexican peyote cactus, as well as other cacti in South America. These hallucinogens have the same effect as LSD, but last for a shorter period of time.
Narcotic
Drugs derived from opium or opium-like compounds, including morphine, heroin, and codeine as well an nonopiate, cythetic narcotics such as methadone, with potent analgesic effects associated with significant alteration of mood and behaviour and with the potential for dependence and tolerance following repeated administration. While highly addictive, they have not been proven themselves to be harmful to health when used in moderate amounts without adulteration. Sometimes used incorrectly to refer to all drugs capable of inducing dependence.
Nicotine
The addictive cancer causing drug in tobacco.
Opiates
Substance derived from the opium poppy. The term opiate excludes synthetic opioids such as heroin and methadone.
Opium
The dried juice of the unripe capsule of the opium poppy.
Overdose
A drug overdose is the accidental or intentional use of a drug or medicine in an amount that is higher than is normally used, and may result in death.
PCP
Phencyclidine (PCP); also known as Angel Dust. It was first invented as a human anesthetic but because of severe side effects its use on humans was discontinued. It was later used for a time in veterinary medicine. In its pure form, the drug is a white crystalline powder that can be snorted or sprinkled on tobacco, parsley flakes, or cannabis and then smoked. In liquid form, it can be injected. Short-term effects include time and space distortion, dissociative state, and the risk of overdose. At high doses it can bring coma and death.
Poly-addicted
Addicted to more than one substance.
Polydrug users
People using one or more drugs in varying combinations.
Prevalence
Total number of people with a disease, illness or condition in a specified period of time.
Prohibition
Historically, the term designates the period of national interdiction of alcohol sales in the United States between 1919 and 1933. By analogy, the term is now used to describe UN and State policies aiming for a drug-free society. Prohibition is based on the interdiction to cultivate, produce, fabricate, sell, possess, use, etc., some substances except for medical and scientific purposes.
Psychoactive substance
Substance which alters mental processes such as thinking or emotions. More neutral than the term "drug" because it does not refer to the legal status of the substance, it is the term we prefer to use.
Psychotropic substance (see also psychoactive)
Much the same as psychoactive substance. More specifically however, the term refers to drugs primarily used in the treatment of mental disorders, such as anxiolytic, sedatives, neuroleptics, etc. More specifically, refers to the substances covered in the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
Regulation
Control system specifying the conditions under which the cultivation, production, marketing, prescription, sales, possession or use of a substance are allowed. Regulatory approaches may rest on interdiction (as for illegal drugs) or controlled access (as for medical drugs or alcohol). Our proposal of an exemption regime under the current legislation is a regulatory regime.
Residential Treatment
Drug or alcohol treatment with a room and board or residential component.
Stimulants
Agents that arouse organic activity, strengthen the action of the heart, increase vitality, and promote a sense of well-being; classified according to the parts of the body upon which they chiefly act (i.e., the cardiac and respiratory systems). The principle drugs of abuse in this group are the amphetamines and cocaine. Life-threatening doses produce hyperthermia, convulsions and cardiovascular collapse. The short-term effects of amphetamines include increased heart rate, restlessness, euphoria, irregular breathing, and the risk of convulsions and overdose. Long-term risks include high blood pressure, anxiety, tension, insomnia, skin rash, overdose, and paranoia.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC)
Main active component of cannabis, Delta-9-THC is very fat-soluble and has a lengthy half-life. Its psychoactive effects are modulated by other active components in cannabis. In its natural state, cannabis contains between 0.5% to 5% THC. Sophisticated cultivation methods and plant selection, especially female plants, leads to higher levels of THC concentration.
Tolerance
Reduced response of the organisms and increased capacity to support its effects after a more or less lengthy period of use. Tolerance levels are extremely variable between substances, and tolerance to cannabis is believed to be lower than for most other drugs, including tobacco and alcohol.
Toxicity
Characteristic of a substance which induces intoxication, i.e., "poisoning". Many substances, including some common foods, have some level of toxicity. Cannabis presents almost no toxicity and cannot lead to an overdose.

__________________
A positive attitude gives you power over your circumstances instead of your circumstances having power over you ..

Addiction Glossary of Terms and Phrases – Definitions
Abstinence: Refraining from further drug use
Acetaminophens: Pain relievers (e.g. Tylenol) used to treat headaches, muscle aches, headaches, etc.
ACOA: A support group for adult children of alcoholics
Addict: A stigmatizing slang term for an individual with an addictive disorder
Addiction Assessment: A way to determine the prevalence of chemical dependency in a client or the extent of one's addiction (considers sociological, psychological, physical, and family factors, etc.)
Addiction Treatment: Aims to reduce addiction
Addiction: A repeated activity that continuously causes harm to oneself or others (e.g. a substance's continuous presence in the bloodstream).
Addictive Personality: A trait/traits that develops in response to drug use
Adverse Reaction: A detrimental reaction to a drug (not the desired reaction)
Affinity: The strength a drug has that allows it to bind to its receptor
Age at Onset: The age at which one's addictive behavior began; an important factor in addiction assessment
Agonist: A drug that activates a receptor in the brain
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA): A voluntary program concerned with helping alcoholics with recovery and continued sobriety
Alkaloids: Plant-produced organic compounds that are the active ingredients in many drugs
Amphetamine: A behavioral stimulant; also known as pep pills
Analgesic: Medication designed to treat pain
Antagonist: A substance that can nullify another's effects (a drug that does not elicit a response)
AOD: Stands for (Alcohol and Other Drugs)
AODA: Stands for (Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse)
Aspirin: An anti-inflammatory agent used for pain relief
Barbiturate Addiction
Barbiturate: A class of sedative-hypnotic compounds that are chemically related through a six-membered ring structure
Benzodiazepine: A group of depressants used to induce sleep, prevent seizures, produce sedation, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, etc.
Bioavailability: A drug's ability to enter the body
Biofeedback: Signal use to control physiological processes that are normally involuntary
Blood Alcohol Level/Concentration: The concentration level of alcohol in the bloodstream (expressed as a percentage by weight)
Buprenorphine: A semi-synthetic partial agonist opioid derived from the baine; used for pain relief (e.g. Buprenex)
Caffeine: An alkaloid that acts as a diuretic and a stimulant (found in coffee, tea, etc.)
Carcinogen: A cancer-causing chemical agent
Causal Factors: Various antecedent conditions that lead to individual chemical dependency problems (e.g. conditioning, environment, genetics, etc.)
Ceiling Effect: Occurs when the dosage of buprenorphine is increased beyond maximum levels and no differences result
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT): Promotes community-based substance abuse treatment services
Central Nervous System (CNS): The brain and spinal cord
Certified Chemical Dependency Counselor (CCDC): Manages clients in chemical dependency programs to help with addiction recovery
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS): Used to determine the severity of opioid withdrawal
Codeine: The pain-relieving sedative agent contained in opium
Codependence: A family member's or friend's suffering that is the result of the side effects of one's addiction; it occurs when one takes responsibility for another's actions and helps that person avoid facing his or her problems directly to maintain the relationship
Cold Turkey: Abruptly quitting a drug by choice in order to try to quit long-term
Compulsion: A physical behavior one repeats involuntarily that can be harmful (e.g., addiction)
Conditioning: A behavioral change that results from an association between events
Craving: A powerful and strong desire/urge for a substance; a symptom of the abnormal brain adaptions that result from addiction
Crisis Intervention: The action taken when one's usual coping resources pose a threat to individual or family functioning
Cross-Dependence: The ability of one drug to prevent the withdrawal symptoms of one's physical dependence on another
Cross-Tolerance: Occurs when one's tolerance for one drug results in their lessened response to another
D.O.C.: This stands for drug of choice.
Denial: One's failure to either admit or realize his or her addiction or to recognize and accept the harm it can cause
Depressants: Sedatives that act on the CNS (e.g. to treat anxiety, high blood pressure, tension, etc.)
Depression: One of the most frequent types of distress resulting from addiction; an ongoing state of sadness involving the inability to concentrate, inactivity, etc.
Detoxification (Detox): The process of removing a toxic substance (e.g. a drug) from the body
Disease Model: A theory of alcoholism that considers the addiction a disease rather than a social or psychological issue.
Disease: A condition featuring medically significant symptoms that often have a known cause
Doctor Shopping: Occurs when a patient requests care simultaneously from multiple physicians without their knowledge in order to receive higher amounts of medications
Dopamine: A chemical produced naturally by the body; functions in the brain as a neurotransmitter to provide feelings of well-being
Downers: Another name for depressants; these drugs can cause low moods (e.g. alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, etc.)
Drug Misuse: One's use of a drug not specifically recommended or prescribed when there are more practical alternatives; when drug use puts a user or others in danger
Drug Tolerance: A progressive state of decreased responsiveness to a drug
DSM-IV: The handbook most often used for diagnosing mental disorders
Dual-Diagnosis: Mental patients ' condition when they are also addicted to any mind-altering drug
DUI: Stands for (driving under influence) (of alcohol or another illicit substance that impairs one's ability to drive)
DWI: Stands for (driving while intoxicated)
Dysphoria: The opposite of euphoria
Dysynergy: An addiction's tendency to cause another (e.g. gateway drugs); an addicted person's tendency to combine substances
Enabling: Helping an addicted person do things they can or should be doing for themselves; causes disease progression
Endogenous Opioid: The opioids that the body naturally produces in order to help us tolerate pain
Endorphins: Opium-like substances produced by the brain; natural painkillers
Ethanol: The beverage type (ethyl) of alcohol
Euphoria: A pleasurable state of altered consciousness; one reason for the preference of one addictive behavior or substance over another
Evidence-based Treatment: Scientifically validated treatment approaches
Excipient: An inactive substance added to a drug to help bind the active ingredient
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Birth defects/abnormalities in babies of alcoholic and alcohol abusing mothers
Fetal Drug Syndrome (FDS): Birth defects/abnormalities in babies of drug abusing mothers
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Administers federal laws regarding, for example, the safety and effectiveness of drugs
Habit: An outdated term for addiction/physical dependence
Hallucinogen: Chemical substance that distorts perceptions, sometimes resulting in delusions or hallucinations
Harm Reduction: Often the first stage of addiction treatment; reducing therapy instead of stopping the target behavior
Heroin: A full opioid agonist
Hydrocodone: An effective narcotic analgesic first developed as a cough medication
Addiction
Illegal/Illicit Drugs: Drugs that are illegal to produce, use, and sell
Induction: Beginning phase of buprenorphine treatment
Inflation: An addiction behavior's tendency to slowly but surely increase in frequency
Intoxication: A state of being drugged or poisoned; results from abuse of alcohol, barbiturates, toxic drugs, etc.
Intrinsic Activity: The extent to which a drug activates a receptor
Legal Drugs: Everyday drugs not for medical use (e.g. alcohol, caffeine, carbohydrates, nicotine, etc.)
Maintenance: Stabilization of a patient who is indefinitely on a drug's lowest effective dose
Medical Model: An addiction theory that considers addiction a medical rather than social issue
Metabolism (of drugs): The chemical and physical reactions carried out by the body to prepare for a drug's execution
Methadone: A long-acting opiate (synthetically produced)
Monotherapy: Therapy using one drug
Morphine: A major sedative/pain reliever found in opium
Mu Agonist: A drug that stimulates physiologic activity on mu opioid cell receptors
Mu Opioid Receptor: Nerve cell receptor that mediates opioid addiction and tolerance through drug-induced activity
Naloxone: An opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioid agonists
Naltrexone: A narcotic antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids
Narcotic: A drug that produces sleep/drowsiness and that also relieves pain while being potentially dependence producing
National Board of Addiction Examiners (NBAE): Provides certification for individuals in the addiction field
Negative Reinforcement: Repetitive behavior to avoid something unpleasant
Neurotransmitter: The natural chemical a neuron releases to communicate with or influence another
Nicotine: Tobacco's extremely toxic main active ingredient (causes negative CNS stimulation)
Nonopioid: A drug that doesn 't activate opioid receptors
Obsession: A mental behavior one repeats involuntarily that can be harmful (e.g., (needing) an alcoholic drink)
Off-Label Use: Physician-approved use of a drug for uses other than those stated on its label
Opiate: The poppy's natural ingredients and their derivatives (opium, morphine, codeine, and heroin)
Opioids: Opium's synthetic form
Opium: One of the most popular drugs; contained in muscle-relaxers, sleeping pills, and tranquilizers
Over-the-Counter Drugs: Legal non-prescription drugs
Oxycodone: A medicine used for relief of moderate to high pain
Painkillers: Analgesic substances (opioids and nonopioids)
Partial Agonists: Bind to and activate receptors to a lesser degree than full agonists
Pharmacology: Scientific branch dealing with the study of drugs and their actions
Physical Dependence: The body's physiologic adaptation to a substance
Placebo: A substance with no pharmacological elements that may elicit a reaction because of a patient's mindset
Polysubstance Abuse: Concurrent abuse of more than one substance
Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS): Withdrawal symptoms after initial acute withdrawal
Precipitated Withdrawal Syndrome: Can occur when a patient on full-agonist opioids takes an antagonist
Prescription Drugs
Prescription Drugs: Only available by a physician's order
Psychedelic Drugs: Produce an intensely pleasurable mental state
Psychoactive Drug: A mind- and behavior-altering substance
Psychological Dependence: One's compulsion to use a psychologically based drug for pleasure; may lead to drug misuse
Psychopharmacology: The study of how drugs affect consciousness, mood, sensation, etc.
Psychotropic Drug: Any drug that acts on one's psychic experience or mood behavior
Rapid Detox: Anesthesia-assisted detoxification (injection of high doses of an opiate antagonist, followed by an infusion of naloxone)
Receptor: Protein on a target cell's membrane or cytoplasm with which a drug interacts
Recidivism: One's return to a negative behavior (relapse) (e.g. drug use)
Recovery Rates: The percentage of addicted persons undergoing treatment who partake in abstinence in their first year
Recovery: Reducing or ceasing substance abuse; often followed by one's personal life being turned around by way of a supportive environment
Relapse Prevention: A therapeutic process that interrupts believes and behaviors that result in lifestyle dysfunction
Relapse: Symptom recurrence after a period of sobriety or drug use cessation
Remission: A symptom-free period
Reversed Tolerance: When a lower dose of a drug produces the same desired or observed effect that previously resulted only with higher dosages
Screening: Measurement tool for the extent of one's addiction (e.g., self-completion questionnaire/life-history assessment)
Self-Help Group: Group of individuals dealing with similar issues that meets to support each other and share helpful information (e.g. AA)
Side Effects: Secondary effects of a drug; these are usually undesirable
Societal Denial: Society's denial of the historical value of drug-induced pleasure and euphoria
Steroids: A group of cyclic, solid unsaturated alcohols (e.g. cholesterol)
Stimulant: Drugs that act on the CNS, resulting in alertness, excitation, and wakefulness
Straight-Edge: A term for people who don 't use drugs
Sublingual: Drugs that enter the blood through the membranes under the tongue
Substance Abuse (Chemical Dependence): A maladaptive pattern of recurrent substance use that leads to impairment or distress that is clinically significant
Substance Dependence:
Synergism: The greater effect that results when one takes more than one drug simultaneously
Synthetic: Not natural occurring
Talc Granulomatosis:
Talc: Dangerous substance used in manufacturing pharmaceuticals
Therapeutic Community: A setting where people with similar issues can meet to support each other's recovery
Therapeutic Dependence: Patients ' tendency to demonstrate drug-seeking behaviors because they fear withdrawal symptoms
Titration: The gradual adjustment of the amount of a drug
Tolerance: Condition in which one must increase their use of a drug for it to have the same effect
Toxicity: A degree of poisonousness
Tranquilizers: A type of drug that can help relieve the symptoms of severe psychosis
Trigger: Anything that results in psychological and then physical relapse
Ups or Uppers: Drugs that produce a euphoric effect (e.g. stimulants, amphetamines)
Urge-Peak Cycle: Ongoing urge-peaks, usually followed by relapse
Urge-Peak: A sudden, unpredictable increase in addiction cravings; they usually involve temporary mental unawareness (e.g. not realizing the amount of drinks one has had)
Urges: Less powerful desires than cravings; can be suppressed by willpower
User: Outdated term used to describe one who misuses alcohol or drugs
Withdrawal Symptoms: Severe and excruciating physical and emotional symptoms that generally occur between 4 to 72 hours after opiate withdrawal (e.g., watery eyes, yawning, loss of appetite, panic, insomnia, vomiting, shaking, irritability, jitters, etc.)
Withdrawal Syndrome: Combined reactions or behaviors that result from the abrupt cessation of a drug one is dependent on
Withdrawal: The abrupt decrease in or removal of one's regular dosage of a psychoactive substance

__________________
A positive attitude gives you power over your circumstances instead of your circumstances having power over you ..

031******** .. it's my contact number

__________________
A positive attitude gives you power over your circumstances instead of your circumstances having power over you ..

dear zaigham,i need subject material.i have sent you email requesting for sending subject material.waiting for your reply.

zaigham bhai subject material muje bhe mail karden please.

__________________
"Mind is everthing;what you think,you become". Budhha

bhej dia hai sir .. check yr mail **********

__________________
A positive attitude gives you power over your circumstances instead of your circumstances having power over you ..

Zaigham bhai plz also send me material
my email is *******