1.Dog - 38.9 degree C
2.cat - 38.6 degree C
3.stallion - 37.6 degree C
4.Mare - 37.8 degree C
5.Rabbit - 39.5 degree C
6.Pig - 39.2 degree C
7.Sheep - 39.4 degree C
8.Dairy cow - 38.6 degree C
9.Horse - 38 degree C
10.Elaphant - 36.5 degree C
11.Whales - 37 degree C
12.Bat - 37 degree C
13.Seal - 38 degree C
14.Baboon - 38.1 degree C
15.Goats - 39.7 degree C

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

Central Asia landlocked countries (6):
Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

Central European and Balkan landlocked countries (8):
Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia and Switzerland

Central African landlocked countries (5):
Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Mali, Niger

South African landlocked countries (4):
Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe

East African landlocked countries (3):
Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda

Caucasian landlocked countries (2):
Armenia, Azerbaijan

South American landlocked countries (2):
Bolivia, Paraguay


These are the ones who do not share any common boundary with any other Landlocked country

* Africa: Ethiopia, Lesotho, Swaziland
* Asia: Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal
* Europe: Andorra, Belarus, Luxembourg, Moldova, San Marino, Vatican City

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

EARTH IN FIGURE


-> Estimated Weight(mass) - 5,940,000,000,000,000,000,000 metric tons.
-> Estimated Age = 4.6 billion years.
-> Current Population = 6,135,000,000
-> Surface Area = 510,066,000 sq.km
-> Land area = 148,647,000 sq.km
-> Ocean Area = 335,258,000 sq.km
-> Type of Water = salt - 97%, fresh = 3%
-> Circumference at the Equator = 40,066 km
-> Circumference at the poles = 39,992 km
-> Diameter at the Equator = 12,753 km
-> Diameter at poles = 12,710 km
-> Radius at the Equator = 6376 km
-> Radius at the Poles = 6355 km
-> Orbit Speeds the Earth orbits the sun at = 66,700 mph. 107,320 km per hour.
-> Sun orbit the earth orbits the Sun every 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes & 46 seconds.


OCEANS OF THE WORLD


# Pacific = 155,557,000 sq.km
# Atlantic = 76,762,000 sq.km
# Indian = 68,556,000 sq.km
# Southern = 20,327,000 sq.km
# Arctic = 14,056,000 sq.km
Note : Southern Ocean was approved in the year 2000, by The International Hydrographic Organization. It is now 4th largest ocean.


GREATEST DEPTHS


* Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean = 35,837 ft.
* Puetro Rico Trench, Atlantic Ocean = 30,246 ft.
* Java Trench, Indian Ocean = 24,460 ft.
* Arctic Basin, Arctic Ocean = 18,456 ft.


DEEPEST OCEAN & SEAS


* Pacific Ocean = 10,924 meters, 35,837 ft.
* Atlantic ocean = 9219 meters, 30,246 ft.
* Indian ocean = 7455 meters, 24,460 ft.
* Caribbean Sea = 6946 meters, 22,788 ft.
* Arctic ocean = 5625 meters, 18,456 ft.
* South China Sea = 5016 meters, 16,456 ft
* Bering Sea = 4773 meters, 15,659 ft.
* Mediterranean Sea = 4632 meters, 15,197 ft.
* Gulf of Mexico = 3787 meters, 12,425 ft.
* Japan Sea = 3742 meters, 12,276 ft.


MAJOR SEAS BY SIZE


~ South China = 2,974,600 sq.km
~ Caribbean Sea = 2,515,900 sq.km
~ Mediterranean = 2,510,000 sq.km
~ Bering = 2,261,100 sq.km
~ Gulf of Mexico = 1,507,600 sq.km
~ Arabian Sea = 1,498,320 sq.km
~ Sea of Okhotsk = 1,392,100 sq.km
~ Sea of Japan (east sea) = 1,012,900 sq.km
~ Hudson Bay = 730,100 sq.km
~ East China = 664,600 sq.km
~ Andaman = 564,900 sq.km
~ Black = 507,900 sq.km
~ Red = 435,00 sq.km


MAJOR ISLANDS BY SIZE


~ Greenland = 2,175,600 sq.km
~ New Guinea = 792,500 sq.km
~ Borneo = 725,500 sq.km
~ Madagascar = 587,000 sq.km
~ Baffin = 507,500 sq.km
~ Sumatra = 427,300 sq.km
~ Honshu = 227,400 sq.km
~ Great Britain = 218,100 sq.km
~ Victoria = 217,300 sq.km
~ Ellesmere = 196,200 sq.km
~ Celebes = 178,650 sq.km
~ New Zealand (south) = 151,000 sq.km
~ New Zealand (north) = 114,000 sq.km
~ Java = 126,700 sq.km
~ NewFoundLand = 108,900 sq.km


MAJOR RIVERS BY LENGTH


> Nile, Africa = 6825 km
> Amazon, South America = 6437 km
> Chang Jiang, Asia = 6380 km
> Mississippi, North America = 5971 km
> Yenisey-Angara, Asia = 5536 km
> Huang (Yellow), Asia = 5464 km
> Ob-Irtysh, Asia = 5410 km
> Amur, Asia = 4416 km
> Congo, Africa = 4370 km
> MAckenize-Peace, North America = 4241 km
> Mekong, Asia = 4184 km
> Niger, Africa = 4171 km.


MAJOR LAKES BY SIZE


> Caspian sea, Asia-Europe = 371,000 sq.km
> Superior, N.America = 82,100 sq.km
> Victoria, Africa = 69,500 sq.km
> Huron, N.America = 59,600 sq.km
> Michigan, N.America = 57,800 sq.km
> Tanganyika, Africa = 32,900 sq.km
> Baikal, Asia = 31,500 sq.km
> Great Bear, N.America = 31,300 sq.km
> Aral sea, asia = 30,700 sq.km
> Malawi, Africa = 28,900 sq.km
> Great Slave, Canada = 28,568 sq.km
> Erie, N.America = 25,667 sq.km


DEEPEST LAKES = BY GREATEST DEPTH


`` Baikal, Russia fed. =5315 ft
`` Tanganyika, Africa = 4800 ft
`` Caspian sea, Asia-Europe = 3363 ft.
`` Nyasa, Africa = 2317 ft
`` Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan = 2303 ft.


TALLEST MOUNTAINS ON EACH CONTINENT


`` Mt. Everest = 8850 meters, 29035 ft - Asia
`` Aconcogua = 6959 meters, 22831 ft - S.America
`` Mt KcKinley = 6194 meters, 20320 ft - N.America
`` Mt.Kilimanjaro = 5963 meters, 19563 ft - Africa
`` Mt Elbrus = 5633 meters, 18481 ft - Europe
`` Puncak Jaya = 4884 meters, 16023 ft - Oceania
`` VinSon Massif = 4897 meters, 16066 ft - Antarctica.


HIGHEST & LOWEST SURFACE POINTS


!- Dead sea, Asia = 409 meters
!- Lake Assal, Africa = 156 meters
!- Death Valley, N.America = 86 meters
!- Valdes Peninsula, S.America = 40 meters
!- Antarctica (ice-covered) = 2538 meters.


LARGEST DESERTS IN SQUARE MILES


!- Sahara, N.Africa = 3,500,000 sq.miles
!- Arabian, Middle east = 1,000,000 sq.miles.
!- Great Victoria, Australia = 250,000 sq.miles
!- Rub'al Khal, Middle east = 250,000 sq.miles
!- Kalahari, Southern Africa = 225,000 sq.miles
!- Syrian, Middle east = 200,000 sq.miles
!- Chihuahuan, Mexico = 175,000 sq.miles
!- Thar, India/Pakistan = 175,000 sq.miles
!- Great Sandy, Australia = 150,000 sq.miles
!- Gibson, Australia = 120,000 sq.miles
!- Sonoran, S.W. USA = 120,000 sq.miles
!- Mohave, S.W. USA = 54,000 sq.miles


CONTINENTS BY POPULATION


-- Asia = 3,674,000,000
-- Africa = 778,000,000
-- Europe = 732,000,000
-- North America = 483,000,000
-- South America = 342,000,000
-- Australia/Oceania = 31,000,000
-- Antarctica = 0

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

1. India won its first tri series against Australia in :
(a) Sydney
(b) Perth
(c) Brisbane
(d) Melbourne

2. Olympic torch relay began in :

(a) 1952
(b) 1954
(c) 1956
(d) 1951

3. The term ‘Butterfly Stroke’ is referred to which game ?

(a) Tennis
(b) Table Tennis
(c) Swimming
(d) Football

4. The first Kanshi Ram Khel Ratna Award was given to :

(a) Praveen Kumar
(b) Sachin Tendulkar
(c) M S Dhoni
(d) Yuvraj Singh

5. In the 15th Asian Games India bagged the largest number of medals in :

(a) Shooting
(b) Boxing
(c) Swimming
(d) Athletics

6. The 2010 men’s Hockey World Cup will be held in :
(a) India
(b) Pakistan
(c) Australia
(d) Germany

7. 2012 Olympic Games will be held in :
(a) London
(b) Sydney
(c) Beijing
(d) Athens

8. Radha Mohan Cup is associated with :
(a) Cricket
(b) Polo
(c) Hockey
(d) Football

9. The captain of India Hockey team who won Asia Cup 2007 was :
(a) Prabodh Tirkey
(b) Dalip Tirkey
(c) Gagandeep Singh
(d) Danraj pillay

10. When was Nepal declared a Secular Nation?
(a) 2005
(b) 2007
(c) 2004
(d) 2006


13. Joint SAARC University of eight SAARC nations will be established in:
(a) New Delhi
(b) Mumbai
(c) Kolkata
(d) Ahmadabad

14. The World Telecommunication Day is observed on :
(a) May 19
(b) May 17
(c) May 15
(d) May 13

15. Ranbaxy Company is being asquired by a company of :
(a) India
(b) Germany
(c) France
(d) Japan


17. Blindness is caused by the deficiency of :
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin A
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin B


20. Which country’s government report is known as yellow book ?
(a) Germany
(b) France
(c) Italy
(d) Russia




ANSWER’S

1.(c) 2.(a) 3.(c) 4.(a) 5.(a) 6.(a) 7.(a) 8.(b) 9.(a) 10.(d) 13.(a)
14.(b) 15.(d) 17.(b) 20.(b)

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

Name of Instrument ------Use of Instrument


Altimeter--------- Measures altitude (uses in aircraft)

Ammeter---------- Measures strength of electric current

Anemometer------- Measures force and velocity of wind and determines its
direction

Audiometer-------- Measures intensity of sound

Barometer------- Measures atmospheric pressure

Balometer------- Measures heat radiation

Callipers ------- Measures inner and outer diameter of solids

Calorimeter--------- Measures quantities of heat

Cardiogram (ECG) -------Traces movements of the heat, recorded on a cardiograph

Chronometer------- Determines longitude of a vessel at sea

Cryometer------ Measures very low temperatures, usally below 0oC

Dynamo ---- ---- Convert Mechanical energy into electric energy
Dynamometer Measures electric power

Electroencephalograph
(EEC) Record and interprets the electrical waves of the brain recorded on electroencephalograph

Electrometer------- Measures very small, potential difference in electric current

Electroscope-------- Detects presence of an electric current

Edoscope ------ Examines internal organs of the body

Fathometer------ Measures depth of the ocean

Fluxmeter--------- Measures magnetic flux

Galvanometer-------- Measures the eletric current

Hydrometer------ Measures the relative density of liquids

Hygrometer------- Measures level of humidity

Hydrophone------ Measures sound under water

Kymograph------- Graphically record physiological movements (e.g., blood pressure/heartbeat)
Lactometer------------ Measures the relative density of milk to determine purity (fat content)
Manometer-------- Measures the pressure of gases

Microphone------ Converts sound waves into electrical signals

Microscope------- To obtain a magnified of light by particles suspended in a liquid

Ohmmeter----------- Measures electrical resistance in ohms

Ondometer--------- Measures the frequency of electromagnetic waves

Periscope --------- To view objects above sea level (used in submarines)

Polygraph----------- Instrument that simultaneously records changes in physiological processes such as heartbeat, blood pressure and respiration used as a lie detector

Pyknometer-------- Determines the density and coefficient of expansion
of liquids

Pyrheliometer------- Measures components of solar radiation

Pyrometer------- Measures very high temperature

Quadrant ------- Measures altitude and angles in navigation and astronomy

Rader Detects the direction and range of an approaching
aeroplane by means of an radiowaves (Radio, Angle, Detection and Range)

Refractometer-------- Measures refractive indices

Resistance Thermometer
An accurate type of thermometer in which temperature is meansured by determining the electrical resistance of a coil of thin wire

Salinometer------- Determines salinity of solutions

Sextant -------- Used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star-also measures the height of distant objects

Sphygmomanometer-------- Measures Blood pressure

Stereoscope----- Used to veiw two - dimensional pictures

Stethoscope------- Used by doctors to hear and analyze heat and jung sounds

Stroboscope-------- Used to view rapidly moving objects

Tachometer------ Determines speed, especially the rotational speed of a shaft (used in motor vehicles, aeroplanes and motor-boats)

Tacheometer------- Used to measure distance, elevations and bearings during survey
Telescope-------- Used to view distant objects in space

Theodolite------- Measures horizontal and vertical angles

Tonometer------- Measures the pitch of sound

Transponder------ Used to receive a signal and transmit a reply immediately
Udometer Rain gauge

Venturi meter------- Measures rate of flow of liquids

Viscometer------ Measures the viscosity of liquids

Voltmeter------- Used to measure potential difference between two points

Wattmeter------ Measures the power of an electric circuit

Wavemeter-------- Measures the wavelength of a radiowave

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

World War I (August 4, 1914 to November 11, 1918)

Franco ? German revelry proved to be the main cause of World War I.

Main Contestants
Central Powers comprising Germany, Australia-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria on the one hand, and
Allied Power comprising England, France, Belgium, Serbia, which were joined by Russia and Italy in 1915 and 1917, respectively.

How the First World War Broke Out?

When Austria attacked Serbia, after one month of Prince Ferdinand?s murder, it drew Russia towards Serbia. Germany entered the fray to support Austria because it had vested interests in Turkey and was committed to support Austria. One by one, France, England and the other countries entered the war.

Results/Consequences of World War I

Central powers were defeated. About 50 lakh allied soldiers were killed and 1 crore and 10 lakh wounded. Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria surrendered. Germany signed the Armistice Treaty on November 11, 1918 and World War I ended. In 1919 the Treaty of Versailles was signed which curbed powers of the German empire, further humiliating and weakening it.


World War II (September 3, 1939 to August 14, 1945)

Causes: An unjust Treaty of Versailles, improper behavior of France, rise policy of expansion, and imperialism of England and France were some of the causes behind World War II.

Main Contestants
Axis Powers ? also called the central powers which included Germany, Italy and Japan.
Allied Powers ? Britain, France, Russia, US, Poland and Benelux countries.

Results of World War II

Hitler, who was responsible for this war, initially very successful but later met with strong resistance when he attacked Russia in 1941, and was forced to retreat to Berlin. On learning that Germany had collapsed, he committed suicide on April 30, 1945 in Berlin.

Germany was divided into two parts ? East Germany under Russia and West Germany under the control of England, France and America (allies). Russia emerged as the single biggest power in the world. It was at this time that the struggle for freedom in colonies under European control in Asia (India), Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Malaysia (Malaya). Egypt etc. caught on. The British Empire thus rapidly lost its leadership as more and more colonies won independence. The UNO was then established in 1945.

When Japan did not agree to the demands of the allied powers to surrender, the first atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on August 5, 1945 and the second on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Japan then surrendered unconditionally on August 14, 1945 and World War II ended.

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

Dear fellows

u need only to listen tv, and read news paper b4, 3 monts to the exams.
it is the only thing which is required to pass pms G. Knowledge test.

As 2009 paper was 90% from the TV and news paper.

ALL THE MEMBERS PLZ PRAY FOR MY CSS, PMS(EXECUTIVE) AND PMS(JUDICIAL) 2009 RESULT… AND VICE VERSA.

Duke of Wellington -----------------------------Iron Duke
Dwight David Eisenhower------------- --Ike
Earl of Warwick -----------------------------King Maker
Gen. Erwin Rommel--------------------------- Desert Fox
Florence Nightingale------------------ Lady with the Lamp
Francisco France ---------------------------El Caudillo
Geoffery Chaucer --------------------------Father of English Poetry
Jawaharlal Nehru ----------------------------G.B.S.
Jayaprakash Narayan ---------------J. P., Loknayak
Joan of Arc ------------------------Maid of Orleans
Lal Bahadur Shastri -------------------------Man of Peace
Lala Lajpat Rai -----------------------Sher-E-Punjab, Punjab Kesari
M.K. Gandhi -----------------Bapu, Mahatma, Father of the Nation
M.S. Golwalkar ----------------------Guruji
Madan Mohan Malaviya -------------Mahamana
Napoleon Bonaparte ---------------Little Corporal, Man of Destiny
Narinder Datta ----------------------------Swami Vivekanand
Field Marshal K. M. ------------------Cariappa Kipper
Otto von Bismarck --------------------Man of Blood and Iron, Iron Chancellor

Queen Elizabeth I ---------------Maiden Queen
Rabindranath Tagore ------------Gurudev
Rajinder Singh (Maj. Gen.) --------------Sparrow
Samuel Longhorn Clemens ------------Mark Twain
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel ------------Man of Iron, Strong Man of India
Sarojini Naidu ----------------Nightingale of India
Sheikh Mohamma Abdullah -------------Sher-E-Kashmir
Sheikh Mujibur Rehman ---------------Bangabandhu
Subhash Chandra Bose -----------------Netaji
Tenzing Norgay --------------------------Tiger of Snows
T. Prakasam ---------------Andhra Kesari
Sir Walter Scott -----------------Wizard of the North
William Ewart Gladstone ---------------Grand Old Man of Britain
William Shakespeare ---------------------Bard of Avon

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.

Dear fellows!

u need only to listen tv, and read news paper b4, 3 monts to the exams.
it is the only thing which is required to pass pms G. Knowledge test.

As 2009 paper was 90% from the TV and news paper.

ALL THE MEMBERS PLZ PRAY FOR MY CSS, PMS(EXECUTIVE) AND PMS(JUDICIAL) 2009 RESULT… AND VICE VERSA.

Religions of the World


1. Buddhism
Founder
Gautam Siddhartha Buddha (563-483 BC) born in Nepal (Lumbini)

Founded in
525 BC

Followed in India, China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Bhutan and Vietnam

Sacred Text T
he Tripitaka (Collection of Buddha?s teaching) also called Sutras

Sacred Places
Lumbini (Nepal) where he received enlightenment and Kusinagar (UP) where he attained ?Nirvana?.

Place of Worship
Vihar (temple) and Monastery (where monks reside)

Sects
Mahayana and Hinayana



2. Confucianism

Founder
King Fu Tsu, Better known as Confucius (551-479 BC) born in the state of LU in china.

Founded in
500 BC

Followed in
China, Taiwan, South Korea, Nauru and Vietnam

Sacred Text
The Analects

Sacred Places
No church or temple


3. Christianity

Founder
Jesus Christ (5 BC to AD 30) born in Judea, also called Jesus of Nazareth

Founded in
2000 years ago

Followed in
Spread all over the world

Sacred Text
Holy Bible consisting of Old Testament (before Christ) and the New Testament (during and after Christ)

Sacred Places
Jerusalem where Christ lived and preached

Place of Worship
Church

Important Sects
Catholics and Protestants



4. Hinduism

Founder
Ancient Sages

Founded in
Around 1500 BC

Followed in
Concentrated in India and Nepal and also found in Bhutan, Fiji, Guyana, Indonesia, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago

Sacred Text
The Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the epics of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana

Place of Worship
Temple


5. Islam


Founder
Prophet Mohammed PBUH(AD 570-632) born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia)

Founded in
AD 622

Followed in
From west coast of Africa to the Philippines which includes Tanzania, Southern part of Russia and China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Indonesia. Also parts of North Africa.

Sacred Text
Quran (words of God), Hadis (Collection of Prophet?s saying).

Sacred Places
Makkahand Madina in Saudi Arabia

Place of Worship
Masjid (mosque)

Sects
Sunnis and Shias


6. Judaism (Religion of the Hebrews)

Founder
Moses, born in Egypt

Founded in
1300 BC

Followed in
Worldwide with concentration in Israel and United States

Sacred Text
Talmads, found particularly in the five books of the Bible; commentary on Torah known as Talmud and Midrash

Sacred Places
Jerusalem

Place of Worship
Synagogue


7. Shintoism

Founder
Began with Japanese culture and developed out of tradition and ancestor worship

Followed in
Japan

Sacred Text
No specific text

Sacred Places
Central Shrine of Ise (central Japan) and the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo



8. Sikhism

Founder
Guru Nanak (1469-1539)

Founded in
AD 1500

Followed in
India

Sacred Text
Shri Guru Granth Sahib

Sacred Places
The Golden Temple of Amritsar

Place of Worship
Gurudwara



9. Taoism

Founder
Lao-tse, a Chinese Philosopher

Founded in
6th century BC

Followed in
China, Taiwan, Nauru, Brunei, Singapore and Vietnam

Sacred Text
Tao-te-Ching

10. Zoroastrianism (Parsi Religion)

Founder
Zoroaster, born in Medea (modern Iran) in about 660 BC

Founded in
Around 500 BC

Followed in
Iran and north-west India. The Zoroastrians who fled to India during the eighth century are the ancestors of the present Parsi Community in India

Sacred Text
Zend Avasta

Place of Worship
Fire temple

__________________
Oh Beloved,
take away what I want.
Take away what I do.
Take away what I need.
Take away everything
that takes me from you.