Total Marks: 100


1. Introduction to Computing

Number Systems, Binary numbers, Boolean logic, History Computer system, basic machine organization, Von Neumann Architecture, Algorithm definition, design, and implementation, Programming paradigms and Languages, Graphical programming, Overview of Software Engineering and Information Technology, Operating system, Compiler, Computer networks and Internet, Computer graphics, Al, Social and legal issues.

2. Programming Solving Techniques

Algorithms and problem solving, development of basic Algorithms, analyzing problem, designing solution, testing designed solution, fundamental programming constructs, translation of algorithms to programmes, data types, control structures, functions, arrays, records, files, testing programmes.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Computers: Information Technology in Perspective, 9/e by Larry Long and Nancy Long. Prentice Hall, 2002/ISBN: 0130929891
2. An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider and Gersting, Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, 2000
3. Computer Science: An overview of Computer Science, Sherer
4. Programme Design with Pseudo-code, Bailey and Lundgaard, Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1988
5. Simple Programme Design: A step-by-step approach, 4/e, Lesley Anne Robertson, ISBN: o-619-16046-2 © 2004.

1. Computer Communications & Networks

Analogue and digital Transmission, Noise, Media, Encoding, Asynchronous and Synchronous transmission, Protocol design issues, Network System architecture (OSI, TCP/IP), Error control, Flow Control, Data Link Protocols (HDLC,PPP). Local Area Networks and MAC Layer protocols (Ethernet, Token ring), Multiplexing, Switching and IP Networks, Internetworking, Routing, Bridging, Transport layer protocols TCP/IP, UDP. Network security issues, Programming exercises or projects involving implementation of protocols at different layers.

2. Digital Logic & Computer Architecture

Logic design of Digital Systems, Fundamental and advanced concepts of Logic Designs, Boolean Algebra & functions, Designing and implementation of combinational and Sequential logic, minimization techniques, number representation and basic binary arithmetic Logic families and digital integrated circuits, use of CAD tools for logic designs. Topics of Computer Architecture.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Introduction to Computer Networks, Tanenbaum
2. Unix Network Programming, Richard Stevens.
3. Computer networks: a systems approach, Larry Peterson, Bruce Davie, Princeton Univ., Princeton.
4. Digital Design, 2nd Ed., M. Morris Mano, Prentice hall, 1991.
5. Practical Digital Logic Design and Testing, P. K Lala, Prentice Hall, 1996.

1. Data Structures & Algorithms

Basic database concepts; Entity Relationship modeling, Relational data model and algebra, Structured Query Language, RDBMS, Database design, functional dependencies and normal forms, Transaction processing and optimization concepts, concurrency control and recovery techniques, Database recovery techniques, Database security and authorization, Small Group Project implementing a database, Physical database design. Storage and file structure, indexed files, hashed files, signature files, b-trees, files with dense index, file with variable length records, database efficiency and tuning.

2. Operating Systems

History and Goals, Evolution of multi-user systems, Process and CPU management, Multithreding, Kernel and User Modes, Protection, Problems of cooperative processes, Synchronization, Deadlocks, Memory management and virtual memory, Relocation, External Fragmentation, Paging and Demand Paging, Secondary storage, Security and Protection, File systems, I/O systems, Introduction to distributed operating systems. Scheduling, dispatch and Introduction to concurrency.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Database Systems, C.J.Date, Addison Wesley Pub. Co. ( 2004).
2. Database Systems, A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management. R. Connoly and P. Begg, Addision _Wesley Pub. (2003).
3. Fundamentals of Database systems, 3/E, Elmasri and Navathe, Addision-Wesley, ISBN: 0-201-74153-9
4. Applied Operating Systems Concepts, 6th Edition, Silberschatz A., Peterson, J.L., & Galvin P.C. 1998.
5. Modern Operating Systems, 2nd Edition, Tanenmaum A.S., 2001.

Total Marks:100

1. Theory of Automata and Formal Languages.

Finite State Models: Language definitions preliminaries, Regular expressions/Regular languages, Finite automatas (FAs), Transition graphs (TGs),NF As, kleene's theorem, Transducers (automata with output), Pumping lemma and non regular language Grammars and PDA: Context free grammars, Derivations, derivation trees and ambiguity, Simplifying CFLs , Normal form grammars and parsing, Push-down Automata, Pumping lemma and non-context free languages, Decidability, Chomsky's hierarchy of grammars, Turing Machines Theory: Turing machines, Post machine, Variations on 1M, 1M encoding, Universal Turing Machine, Context sensitive Grammars, Defining Computers by TMs.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Introduction to Computer Theory, Denial Cohen, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, J Hopcraft, D. Ullman.
3. Languages and Machines, An Introduction to the Theory of Comp. Sc., 2/e Thomas A Sudkamp, Addison Wesley.

2 Compiler Theory & Design

Compiler techniques and methodology. Organization of compilers. Lexical and syntax analysis. Parsing techniques. Object code generation and optimization, detection and recovery from errors. Comparison between compilers and interpreters.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Compiler Design and Construction, by Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Hardcover 2nd edition, 1987, Van Nostrand Reinhold,. ISBN: 0317636367.

3. Numerical Methods

Mathematical Preliminaries, Solution of Equations in one variable, Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation, Numerical Differentiation and Integration, Initial Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations, Direct Methods for Solving Linear Systems, Iterative Techniques in Matrix Algebra, Solution of non-linear equations, Approximation Theory, Eigenvalues and Eigenvector computation

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Elements of Numerical Analysis, Dr. Faiz, M. Afzal

I. Data Base Systems

Basic database concepts, Entity Relationship modelling, Relational data model and algebra, Structured Query language, RDBMS; Database design, functional dependencies and normal forms, Transaction processing and optimization concepts, concurrency control and recovery techniques, Database recovery techniques, Database security and authorization. Small Group Project implementing a database. Physical database design: Storage and file structure, indexed files, hashed files, signature files, b-trees, files with dense index, files with variable length records, database efficiency and tuning Data Warehousing and Data Mining, Emerging Database Technologies and Applications.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Database Systems, C.J. Date, Addison Wesley Pub. Co. (2004).
2. Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation and Management,
3. R Connolly and P .Begg, Addison-Wesley Pub. Co (2003).
4. Fundamentals of Database Systems, 3/E, Elmasri and Navathe, Addison- Wesley, ISBN: 0-201-74153-9.

2. Software Engineering

Software Engineering, Process Models, Software verification and validation. Techniques are introduced to evaluate software correctness, efficiency, performance and reliability, integration of these techniques into a verification and validation plan. Technical reviews, software testing, programme verification, prototyping, and requirement tracing. Attitude of industry toward reliability and performance.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Software Engineering: A Practioner's Approach, Roger Pressman, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
2. Software Engineering, Ian Sommerville, Addison-Wesley 2001, ISBN: 0-201- 39815-X.

1. Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Common Lisp. AI classical systems: General Problem Solver, rules, simple search, means-ends analysis. ElIZA, pattern matching, rule based translators, OPS-5. Knowledge Representation: Natural language, rules, productions, predicate logic, semantic networks, frames, objects, scripts. Searching, Depth first search, breadth first search, best first search, hill climbing, min-max search. Symbolic Mathematics: student solving algebra problems, translating English equations, solving algebraic equations, simplification rules, rewrite rules, meta-rules, Macsyma, PRESS, ATLAS. Logic Programming: Resolution, unification, horn-clause logic, Prolog, Prolog programming. Sample case studies of shells and Knowledge Based Systems. A brief appreciation of state of the art computational techniques like neural networks, genetic algorithm, fuzzy sets.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Artificial Intelligence by Luger, 4th edition, Pearson Education.

2. Computer Graphics

Graphics hardware, Fundamental algorithms, Applications of graphics. Interactive graphics programming -graph plotting, windows and clipping, and segmentation. Programming raster display systems, panning and zooming. Raster algorithms and software Scan-Converting lines, characters and circles. Region filling and clipping. Two and three dimensional imaging geometry and transformations. Curve and surface design, rendering, shading, colour and animation.

REFERENCE MATERIAL:

1. Computer Graphics, Principles and Practice, J. D. Foley, A van Dam, S. K. Feiner and J. F. Hughes, Addison-Wesley ISBN: 0-201-12110-7.
2. Computer Graphics, F.S.Hi1I, Maxwell MacMillan ISBN: 0-02-354860-6.

FURTHER SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Computers: Tools for an Information Age, 8th Ed. H I Capron, Adison Wesley, 2003. Paul Wilton.
2. Computer Concepts, 3rd Ed, ITP 1998; J.J.Parsond & D. Oja
3. Siberschatz. Galvin & Gagne, Operating System Concepts, 6th Ed. 2002. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-41743-2.
4. Tanenbaum. A.S., Modern Operating Systems, 2nd. Ed, 2001.
5. Deitel & Deitel, C++, How to Program, 4th Ed. Prentice Hall.
6. Tocci & Widmer, Digital Systems, Principles and Applications, 8th Ed.. Published by Pearson Education.
7. John F. Wakerly, Digital Designs, Principles & Practices, 3rd. Ed. Published by Prenice Hall.
8. M. Morris Mano, Digital Logic & Computer Design, Prentice Hall, 1979, ISBN 0-132-14510-3.
9. Jim Keogh, C++, Programmers Notebook, 2nd Ed.
10. Sipser, Introduction to the Theory of Computation, 2nd Ed. Thomson Course Technology, 2006.
11. Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 6th Ed. Adison Wesley,2001
12. M. A. Weiss, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C. Pearson Education 2nd Ed. 1997.
13. Elmasri & Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 4th Ed.
14. Expert Systems and Applied Artificial Intelligence by Efrain Turban 15. Artificial Intelligence by Rich & Knight.
16. Artificial Intelligence by George F. Luger.
17. Donald Hearn and M. Pauline Baker. Computer Graphics and Open GL, 3rd Ed.
18. Foley, Van Dam, Feiner, and Hughes, Computer Graphics Principle & Practices.
19. Mathematical Structures for Computer Science, Freeman & Company; G.L.Gersting.
20. Java Script; The Definitive Guide, 2nd Ed, O. Reilly, 1997. D. Flanagan. 21. The HTML, Sourcebook, Wiley 1996. I.S. Graham.
22. Computer Science; An Overview 6th Ed. Addison Wesley, 1998. J.G. Brookshear.
23. Java; An Object First Approach, Addison Wesley, 1996. F. Culwin.
24. Web Page Scripting Techniques, Hayden Books,1996. J. Bloomberg, J. Kawski. J & P. Treffers.
25. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and its Application, 5th Ed. 2003, McGraw-Hill.
26. T .H. Cormen, C.E. Leiserson, R.L. Rivest, and C.D. Stein, Introduction of Algorithms, MIT Press. 2nd Ed. 2001.
27. Assembly language programming of IBM PC by Ytha Yu and Charles Marut. McGraw Hill, 1992.
28. Saeed Bhatti & Naeem Bhatti, a first course in Numerical Analysis, 4th Ed. 2003.
29. David A Patterson, John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design, 3rd Ed.
30. Hennessy, J.I. & Patterson .D.A., Computer Architecture; A quantitative Approach, 2nd Ed. Morgan Kaufmann, 1996.
31. Introduction to Digital Systems by Ercegovac, Lang & Moreno, Wiley, 1999.
32. Introduction to Wireless Systems by P.M. Shankar, John Wiley & Sons,2002.
33. Advanced Digital Designs with the Verling HDL by Michael D. Ciletti. Prentice Hall, 2003.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

Descriptive Statistics: (15%)

Nature and scope of Statistics. Organizing and classification of data. Population and sample. Variables, Measurement scales. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Description of data by frequency tables and graphs. Stem and leaf plot and Box and whisker plot. Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Mode, Median, Quartiles. Properties of Mean with proofs. Relative Merits and Demerits of various averages. Weighted Arithmetic Mean. Empirical Relation between Mean, Median and Mode. Absolute and Relative Measures of dispersion: Range, Semi-Inter Quartile Range, Mean Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation, Coefficient of Variation, Coefficient of Mean Deviation, Coefficient of quartile Deviation. Properties of Variance and Standard Deviation with proofs. Standardized Variables. Moments, Moments Ratios, Sheppard’s Correction, Skewness and Kurtosis. Chebechev’s theorem and its application.

Concepts of Probability: (05%)

Operation in sets. Cartesian product set. Random experiment. Sample space and events. Rules of counting. Introduction to probability and axioms of probability, emphasising to concepts, facts, interpretation and illustrating examples. Basic laws of probability. Conditional and marginal probabilities. Independence of events. Baye’s theorem and its application.

Random Variable: (15%)

Discrete random variable. Probability function, probability distribution function. Mathematical expectation and its properties. Joint distribution of two discrete random variables. Marginal and conditional distributions. Mean, variance, moments, covariance and correlation of two discrete random variables. Moment generating function and its properties.

Continuous random variable. Probability distribution of a continuous random variable. Probability density function and probability distribution function. Joint distribution of two continuous random variables. Marginal and conditional distributions. Mathematical expectation and its properties. Moment generating function. Covariance and correlation of two random variables. Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Mean deviation, variance and moments of simple continuous functions.

Discrete Probability Distributions: (15%)

Uniform Bernoulli, Binomial, Multinomial, Hypergeometric, Poisson, Negative Binomial and Geometric distributions with their derivations, applications and fitting to statistical data. Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution.

Continuous Probability Distributions: (15%)

Uniform, Exponential and Normal distributions. Their properties, applications and fitting to statistical data. Normal approximation to the Binomial and Poisson distributions.

Bivariate Normal Distribution (10%):

Derivation, conditional density function, conditional expectation and moment generating function μ20, μ02 and μ11.

Method of Least Squares: (15%)

Scatter diagram, Principle of least square. Deduction and solution of normal equations of general linear model. Curve fitting. Equations of approximating curves by the method of least squares up to third degree polynomials. Fitting of exponential of the type (1)y=aebx (2) y = abx (3) y = axb . Graphic representation of the curves. Interpolation and Extrapolation graphically. Criteria for fitting a suitable curve.

Regression and Correlation Analysis: (10%)

Logic of regression and correlation, scatter diagram. Regression models. Simple linear regression, least square estimates and their properties. Properties of Least Square regression line, standard error of estimate, co-efficient of determination. Multiple linear regression with two regressors, co-efficient of multiple determination. Partial and multiple correlation up to three variables. Linear correlation . Correlation co-efficient and its properties. Correlation of bivariate frequency distribution. Partial and multiple correlation for three variables. Rank correlation. Tied ranks.


Total Marks: 100

Sampling and Sampling Distributions: (15%)

Advantages of sampling. Probability and non-probability sampling. Sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling designs of simple random, stratified, systematic, and cluster sampling. Judgment and quota sampling. Random numbers and their use in sampling. Calculation of sample mean, proportion and variance of simple and stratified random samples. Sampling distribution of a statistic and its standard error. Distributions of sample mean / proportion and difference between two sample means / proportions with
properties. Central limit theorem with illustrations. Sampling distribution of sample variance and ratio of two sample variances. Concept of t, χ2 and F – distributions.

Estimation: (10%)

Estimate and estimator. Point estimation by moments and maximum likelihood methods. Properties of point estimators: unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency and sufficiency. Interval estimator and its interpretation.

Interval estimation of the mean / proportion, difference between two means / proportions, of populations with known and unknown variances. Determination of sample size. Interval estimation of population variance and ratio of two population variances. Interval estimates of regression parameters, mean and individual prediction.

Hypothesis Testing: (15%)

Null and alternative hypotheses. Simple and composite hypotheses. Two types of errors, level of significance, p-value and power of the test. Acceptance and rejection regions, one sided and two sided tests. Testing of hypothesis for mean / proportion, difference between two means / proportions.

Testing of hypothesis (based on small samples and unknown population variance) for the mean, difference between two means for paired and independent observations. Testing of hypothesis about the variances and equality of two variances.

Testing of hypothesis about regression and simple correlation; partial and multiple correlation. Tests of hypothesis about regression parameters, mean and individual prediction. Pearson’s test for goodness of fit. Contingency tables and tests for independence and homogeneity. Co-efficient of mean square contingency and its maximum value. Yates correction for continuity. Chi-Square test for the multinomial probabilities.

Non-Parametric Tests: (5%)

Sign test, Run test. Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rand test, Wilcoxon Rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallies Test.

Analysis of Variance and Experimental Designs: (15%)

Definition, importance and assumptions of Analysis of Variance. Partitioning of sum of squares and degrees of freedom in one and two-way classification. Testing the equality of means for one and two-way classification. Multiple comparison tests: Least significant difference test, Duncan’s and Newman-Keuls Multiple range tests.

Principles of experimental design. Completely randomised, randomised complete block and Latif square designs. Description, layout, statistical analysis, advantages, disadvantages, relative efficiency and applications of these designs.

Time Series: (10%)

Decomposition of Time Series. Measurement of Trend, Seasonal (Additive and multiplicative models), and Cyclical variations. Seasonal indices. Deseasonalisation of data.

Index Numbers: (10%)

Simple and composite indices. Problems in construction of index numbers. Laspayre, Paasche, Marshall-Edgworth, Fisher ideal, Walsh and Palgraves indices. Shifting of base. Quantity index numbers. Theoretical tests for index numbers. Consumer Price index. Construction and uses of index numbers in Pakistan. Sensitive Price Indicator.

Official Statistics: (10%)

Introduction, working of statistical organizations in Pakistan, main sources of Statistical Data in Pakistan, Documents produced by Statistical Organizations in Pakistan. Census, registration system of deaths and births in Pakistan.

Applications of statistics in social, economic and political problems. Public health crimes, Law, social innovations, economic development and socio-political inequality.

Vital Statistics: (10%)

Vital events. Uses and shortcomings of vital statistics. Sources of demographic data. Gender and child woman ratio. Vital Index, Crude, specific and standardised death / birth rates. General and specific fertility rate. Gross and net reproduction rates.


BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Clark, G.M. and Cooke, D. (1998), A Basic Course in Statistics, 4th ed, Arnold, London.
2. Clark, G.M. and Kempson, R. E. (1997), Introduction to the Design & Analysis of Experiment, Arnold, London.
3. Freedman, D; Pisani, R; Parues, R and Adhikari, A (1997). Statistics 3rd Edition. Norton, New York.
4. Freund, J.E (1990). Modern elementary Statistics. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersy.
5. Graybill, I and Burdick (1998). Applied Statistics: A first course in inference. Prentice Hall, New Jersy.
6. Lipschutz, S and Schiller, J (1998). Introduction to Probability and Statistics, McGraw Hill, New York.
7. Mittelhammer, R, C. (1996). Mathematical Statistics for Economics and Business, Springer Verlag, New York.
8. Mood, A.M., Graybill, G.A.and Boes, D.c (1974). Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York.
9. Polland, A.H; Yousaf, F and Pollard, G.N. (1981). Demographic Techniques. Second Edition, Pergaman Press, Oxford.
10. Speigal, M.R and Stephens. L.J. (1999). Statistics, 3rd Edition. McGraw Hill, New York.
11. Speigal, M.R; Schiller, J.L; Srinivasan, R.L (2000). Probability and Statistics 2nd Edition. Schamus out line Series, McGraw Hill, New York.
12. Walpole,R.E (1982). Introduction to Statistics. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, London.
13. Walpole, R.E., Myers, R.H., Myers, S. L. and Ye, K. (2004) Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, 7th Edition Prentice Hall, New York.
14. Weiss, N.A. (1977), Introductory Statistics, 4th ed. Addison-Wesley Pub. Company, Inc.
15. Wonnacott, T.H. and Wonnacott, R.J (1981). Introductory Statistics, John Wily & Sons. New York.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

1 Applied Physics:

Classical mechanics: Density, Dimension, Gravity, Motion, Position, Velocity, Acceleration, Mass, Momentum, Force, Energy, Angular momentum, Torque, Conservation law, Wave, Work, Power.

Quantum mechanics: Matrix Mechanics, Planck’s constant, Quanta, Quantization, Quantum harmonic oscillator, Quantum number, Spin, Wave-function, Wave mechanics, Wave-particle duality, Zero-point energy, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

Theory of relativity: General principle of relativity, Gravity, Inertial frame of reference, Invariance, Length contraction, Principle of Relativity, Reference frame, Rest energy, Rest mass, Speed of light, Stress-energy tensor, Time dilation.

Optical Physics: Aberrations, Diffraction, Dispersion, Optical Resolution, Polarization, Ray (optics), Reflection, Refraction, Scattering, Wave, Lenses, Mirrors, Optical instruments, Prisms

Particle Physics: Fundamental force (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, strong), Elementary particle, Spin, Antimatter, Quantum gravity, Vacuum energy

Solid State Physics: Amorphous solid, Crystal Structure, Free electron model, Energy band gap, conduction band, electron hole, excitation, valence band, Superconductivity, crystal optics.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics by Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman, T.R. Sandin and A. Lewis Ford
2. Basic Physics by Karl F. Kuhn

2. Applied Chemistry:

Electro-Chemistry: Electrolysis, Electrolytic conductance, Migration of ions, Galvanic Cells, reversible and Irreversible cells, Standard electrode potentials, Buffer solutions.

Solutions: Ideal and non–ideal solutions, Roult’s and Henry’s Laws, Solubility curves, Heat of solutions.

Liquids and their properties: Vapor pressure, vapor pressure and boiling point, surface tension, viscosity, Refractive index and its measurement, Polarimetery, Intermolecular and intermolecular forces amongst liquid molecules.

Solid State: Crystalline structure, different properties of crystals, X-rays and crystal structures, production of X-rays, Heat capacities of solids.

Gases: Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, Gas constant, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure, Graham’s Law of Diffusion, Kinetic theory of Bases, Heat Capacity of Gases.

3. Applied Electricity & Electronics:

Electricity & Magnetism; Electrical potential, Resistance, Laws of resistance, Conductance, Conductivity, Impedance, Ohm law, Resistance in series and in parallel, practical resistors, work, power, Energy, Joule’s law of electric field intensity, Gauss’s Theorem, Capacitor, Capacitance, Capacitors in parallel and series. Force on a conductor in a magnetic field, electrical and magnetic circuits, leakage flux, Relation between magnetism and electricity, Induced emf, induced current and directions, Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic inductions, Lenz’s law, dynamically induced emf, Self inductance, mutual inductance and inductance in series/parallel, magnetic hysteresis, Energy stored in magnetic field, Generation of alternating currents and voltages.

Electrical Machines:

• DC Motors: Shunt, Series and Compound Motors, Speed and Torque Relations.

• Transformers: Principle, Construction, Voltage transformation ratio, Step-up/stepdown transformers, Copper & Iron Losses, Transformer connections; delta and star.

• AC Motors: Induction motor, Synchronous motor, Performance, Efficiency. Single phase and three phase Motors.

• Generators: Principle, Construction, Different components of generators. AC Generators, DC Generators.

Electronics:

N-type material, P-type material, diodes, junctions, P-N junction, forward bias, reverse bias.

Transistors: types, calculations of voltages and currents in simple transistor circuits.

Amplifier & Oscillators: Working and classification of amplifiers, Class A and Class B Amplifiers, Feedback Amplifiers, Types of Feedback, RC Oscillators.

Integrated circuits: OP Amps, timers, flip flop, converters, filters.

Telecommunications: EM theory, antennas, antenna gain, free space loss, fading. Modulations (AM, FM, PM, PWM, Delta, FSK, ASK, PSK), Error correction, Demodulation, Detectors, Transmitter, Receivers.

DSP and Controls; filters, stability, Z-transform, Nyquist criteria, S domain, transfer functions.

Introduction to Computing; History and evolution of computers, central processing unit, data storage, input/out put devices, multimedia, operating systems, programming languages, networking, the internet, system analyses and design, management information system, electronic commerce, security and privacy issues, ethical issues and the computing profession,

Power Systems: power network analysis, Polyphase circuits, Transients, Transmission Lines, Losses.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Electrical Technology by B.L. Tharaja
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits by Bogart.
3. DC Machines by P.C. Sen
4. Semiconductors by Manzar Saeed
5. Modern Digital and Analog Communication by B.P.Lathi
6. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits by Paynter
7. Network analysis, by Van Belkernberg.
8. Wireless Communication by Willium Stallings.
9. Computers, tools for an information age, 8th ed. H.L. Captron, Addison Wesley, 2003

4. Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals
Mechanics and Strength of Materials: Concept of Stress and Strain, bending, torsion, geometric properties of areas, principal stresses, Tensile testing, Stress- Strain curve, Difference between Engineering and True stress & Strain, Shear Stress & Strain, Concept of elastic and plastic deformation, Yield & ultimate Tensile strengths, Elongation, Toughness and Resilience, Ductility and Malleability, Hardness Testing, Brinell and Rock well Hardness test, bending moment,

Fluid Mechanics; Properties and basics of fluid mechanics, loss of head, power transformation by fluids, pumps, turbines. Fluid static’s, Fluid dynamics, Types of flow: Turbulent and Laminar, Reynold’s number.

Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer. (Basics of thermodynamics, properties of fluids and steam, steam turbines, power plants. First and second Laws of Thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Heat Capacity, Carnot cycle, Gibbs free energy, Equilibrium, PV – diagrams, Refrigeration and Air conditioning, principle and models of heat transfer, Evaporators, Condensers, Heat engines, Engines (2 and 4 strokes ).

Manufacturing: Different manufacturing processes like Casting, Forging, Machining, Rolling, Extrusion, Wire-drawing, welding, Turning(lathe), Milling, Shaping, Gear cutting, Drilling, Fitting.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Schaum Outline Series; Strength of Materials by Williym A. Nash 3rd Ed 1994, McGraw Hill Edition.
2. Fluid Mechanics by Lewitt
3. Fluid Mechanics by Daugherity
4. Engineering Mechanics (Statics) by J.L. Merriems.
5. Engineering Mechanics (synamics)by J.L. Merriems
6. Strength of Materials by Singer for Mechanics of Materials
7. Testing of metals by Fazal Karim
8. Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials by Kalpakgjian

5. Materials Engineering:

Introduction to Materials; Types of Materials. Structure of an atom, Metallic bonding, Crystal Structures and geometry,

Metallic Materials: Mechanical properties of Metals and alloys, Ferrous and nonferrous metals & alloys, Applications of Different metals and alloys in industry

Polymeric and Ceramic Materials: Polymerization, General purpose and Engineering thermo-plastics, thermosetting plastics, Rubbers.

Traditional and engineering ceramics, Processing of ceramics, Electrical properties of ceramics, Mechanical properties of ceramics, Thermal properties of ceramics, Glasses.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Principles of Materials Science and Engineering by William F. Smith
2. Introduction to Physical Metallurgy by Sydney H. Avner

6. Civil Engineering Fundamentals:

Structures; stress, strain, shearing force and bending moment concepts, beams, columns, footing. Simply supported and Cantilever beams, Pulleys and gears.

Transportation Engineering: Introduction, highway administration, scheme preparation, traffic appraisal, environmental appraisal, highway geometry, drainage, lighting, signing, communications and safety, roads and traffic in urban areas, highway maintenance, low cost roads in developing countries.

Environmental Engineering: Environmental impacts on water resources projects, transportation engineering projects, waste water treatment and management, water supply and distribution.

Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering: Properties of fluid mechanics, pressure measuring devices, flow measuring devices, losses in pipelines, open channels, barrages and dams.

RECOMMENDED BOOK:

1. Properties of Concrete by A.M. Neville.
2. Plain and reinforced concrete by Nilson.
3. Strength of material by Andrew Pytel and Singer.
4. Transportation Engineering, Planning and design by Paul Wright.
5. Civil Engineer’s Reference Book by LS Blake 4th Ed.
6. Surveying and Leveling by T.P Kanetaker.
7. Public Health Engineering by STEEL.
8. Fluid mechanics with engineering applications, 10th Ed by Finnemore/Franzini.

Paper II will comprise EIGHT questions including One Compulsory MCQ type question containing 20 parts of one mark each (1/2 marks will be deducted for eachwrong answer). Candidates will be required to attempt total FIVE questions including the compulsory question. Each question will carry 20 marks.

1. Engineering Economics: cost analysis, purchasing power parity, supply and demand, macro economics, monopoly and oligopoly.

2. Costing, Accounting and Budgeting: Net p resent value, Net future value, cash flows, auditing, income statement, balance sheet, taxation, financial risk management, cost analysis.

3. Testability and Test Planning: Black box testing, White box testing, test plans, test executions, regression testing, destructible and non destructible testing, test reports.

4. Project Management: time lines, milestones, resources allocation, dependency, Gant Charts,

5. inventory Management: FIFO models, LIFI models, Identification Schemes, Inventory management systems.

6. Quality Management Systems: QA modles. Deming, Juran Crosby, Quality circles, management responsibility, quality planning, purchasing, design process and design validation, quality audit, corrective and preventive measures.

7. Time analysis and Manufacturing Management: Managerial issues, manufacturing systems, process optimization, mathematical modeling, time management, resource allocation, raw material, production analysis.

8. Problem analysis and Decision tree: decision support system, decision tree, design of experiments.

9. Production and operation management

10. Management tools

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Handbook of Engineering Management by Dennis Lock.
2. Total Quality Management by Dale H. Besterfield, Carol Besterfield-Michna, Glen H. Besterfield, Mary Gesterfield-Sacre
3. Manufactruing Processes and systems by Ostwalds
4. Handbook of Reliability Engineering and Management by W. Grant Ireson, Clyde F. Coombs, Richard Y. Moss.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

Mechanics

Vectors -Dots, Cross and triple products, Gradient, divergence and applications. Curl of a vector field; Gauss's Theorem; Stokes theorem

Newtonian laws of motion; motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields; Motion in a circle, Law of conservation of energy; Conservation of linear and angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid body; spin and precession; gyroscope; Gravitation; planetary motion including satellite work energy theorem.

Special theory of relativity. Mischelson - Morley experiment, Einstein's postulates; Lorentz transformation; time dilation, length contraction; equivalence of mass and energy.

Fluid Mechanics

Surface tension; Viscosity; elasticity; fluid motion and Bernoulli's theorem.

Waves and Oscillation

Free oscillation with one and two degrees of freedom; free and forced oscillations, Lissagous figure, Coupled oscillations, Travelling waves and transmission of energy; Phase and Group velocity; Standing waves Longitudinal waves.

Reflection, Refraction, Interference, Diffraction and Polarization of waves; interferometer and Newton's rings; Diffraction Gratings and their resolving power; Spectrometers. Electromagnetic wave equation; Normal and anamolous dispersion; Coherence, lasers and its application.

Heat and Thermodynamics

Perfect gas and Vander Waals equation; Three Laws of Thermodynamics; Entropy, entropy of an ideal gas; Helmbroltz function, Gibbs function; Maxwell's equations; Enthalpy, Thermal properties of Simple system; Production and measurement of low
temperatures; Kinetic theory of gases; Maxwellian distribution of molecular velocities; Brownian motion; Transport phenomena. Classical Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics and its applications, Quantum Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics.



Total Marks -100

Electricity and Magnetism

Electric field due to point charges, Gauss' law Electric potential and Poisson and Laplace's equation Dielectric medium and Polarization; Capacitance; Moving charges and magnetic field Ampere's law; Vector potential; Magnetic properties of matter; Transient current; Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction; Alternating current and LRO circuit. Maxwell's equations; poynting theorem and poynting Vector.

Electronics

Thermionic emission; Space charge; Diode. Triode Tetrode; Pentode and their static and dynamic characteristics; Amplitude modulation and demodulation or detection; Various basic circuits for rectification, amplification modulation and detection connected with radio receivers and transmission; n and p type semiconductors; Biased function; Transistors; Common base, common emitter and common collector configurations OP Amplifier; characteristics, modes of operation, applications number systems: decimal, octal and Hexadecimal; Binary code, Binary arithmetic, BCD code, and parity logic gates Boolean identities; De Morgan's theorems: logic simplification; Combinational logic circuits: decoders, parity generator and checker circuits, flip flops:RS, JK and Dtype.

Atomic Physics

Bohr theory and quantum numbers including electron spin; Pauli's exclusion principle; Spectra of simple systems with one or two valence electrons. Photo electric effect Compton scattering; pair production; Lande's g factor and Zeeman effect; Waves and particles and De Broglie's Hypothesis; Schrodinger wave equation and its application to one dimensional harmonic oscillator. Heisenberg's uncertainly principle.

Nuclear Physics

Structure of Nuclei; Radioactivity , , and decay. Methods of detection, Mass Spectrometer. Accelerators. Phenomenon of fission; reactor and nuclear power, nuclear fusion and its application; Nuclear models; Elementary particles and their properties.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Perspectives of Modem Physics, A.Beiser.
2. Fundamentals of Physics, Halliday & Resnick.
3. Introduction to Electromagnetic fields and Waves. D. Corson & P .Lorrain.
4. Engineering Electronics. J.D. Ryder.
5. Semiconductor Electronics. J.F.Gibbons.
6. Physics Course. Berkley.
7. Heat and Thermodynamics. W. Zemanasky.
8. Nuclear Physics, W.E. Burcham.
9. Nuclear Physcis, Kaplan
10. Fundamentals of digital electronics, Floyd
11. Waves & Vibrations, Pain

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100


1. Quantum Theory & Atomic Structure
Quantum theory. The Schrodinger Wave Equation, particle in one dimensional box and its application for Hydrogen atom. Quantum Numbers. Chemical Bonding. Elgen Values and Elgen functions. Degeneracy. Tunnel Effect.

2. Chemical Thermodynamics
First Law of Thermodynamic and Enthalpy changes. Entropy and second Law of Thermodynamics. Standard Free Energy and Chemical equilibrium. Concept of Residual Entropy.

3. Electrochemistry
Conductance and its measurement. Activity and Activity coefficients. Measurement of Activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. Deby-Huckel Theory and its applications for strong electrolytes. Electrodes, Electrode Potential and its measurement. Corrosion and its prevention.

4. Nuclear Chemistry
Radioactivity, detection and its measurement, Kinetics of Radioactive decay, Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion, Artificial Radioactivity, uses of Radioactive isotopes and Nuclear Reactors.


1. Modern Theory of Chemical Bonding
Modern Theories of Chemical bonding. Valance Bond theory, hybridization of orbital, molecular Orbital theory, comparison of valence Bond and Molecular orbital theories, shapes of inorganic molecules, application of VSEPR concept.

2. Chemistry d-Block Elements
General Characteristics of d-Block elements, Chemistry of First Transition Series, Transition metal complexes, structure of coordinate complex compounds, Postulates and applications of Werner’s Chelates, Nomenclature and Isomerism in coordinate compounds.

3. Inorganic Chemical Industries
Sulphuric acid, Chemical Fertilizers, cements, Ceramics, Soda Ash and Caustic Soda.

4. Environmental Chemistry
Concept of Environmental chemistry, Environmental Pollution, green House Effect, Air Pollution, Water Pollution and Chemical Toxicology.



TOTAL MARKS: 100


1. Structure and Reactivity
Inductive effect, delocalized chemical bond, resonance effect, tautomerism, hyper-conjugation, steric effect and hydrogen bonding.

2. UV and IR Spectroscopy
Principle of UV-Visible and IR-Spectroscopy, terms involved in spectroscopy. -max, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, finger print region, overtones and applications in functional group identification of organic compounds.

3. Chemistry of Carbonyl Group
Preparation and properties of Aldehydes and ketones. Acid and base catalyzed Aldol condensation reactions and nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group.

4. Chemistry of Armatic Compounds
Mechanism and applications of Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, Arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity. Aromaticity and condensed simple aromatics systems.

5. Sterochemistry
Steroisomerism, conformational analysis of cycloalkanes, chirality and optical activity, recemization, epimerization and geometrical isomerism.


1. Bio-molecules
Introduction, classification, structure and metabolism of carbohydrates. Primary, Secondary & Tertiary structure of Proteins. Lipids and their classification.

2. Chromatography
Principle and types of chromatography. Thin layer and columnChromatography with their applications.

3. Material Chemistry
Introduction and applications of Polymers, Semi-conductors, composites and liquid crystals.

4. Chemicals in Service of Mankind
Detergents, Pesticides, Dyes, Cosmetics and Pigments.


RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Physical Chemistry by Ira N. Levane, 5th Edition
2. Inorganic Chemistry by James E. Huheey and Richard I. Kelter, 4th Edition.
3. Physical Chemistry by Moore, Walter S, 5th Edition.
4. Mechanism and Structure of Organic Chemistry by Gould, Edward.
5. Essential of Physical Chemistry by G.D.Tuli, Arun Bahl.
6. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton F.A & Wilkinson Groffrey, 3rd Edition
7. Chemistry (Organic & Inorganic) by A.M.H. Shaikh
8. Advanced Chemistry by Philip Matthews.
9. organic Chemistry by Morrison, Robert,Thornton and Boyd. R.N., 2nd Edition
10. Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry for B.Sc. by M. Zafar Iqbal (Revised & Enlarged Edition)
11. Selected topics in Inorganic Chemistry by G.D. Tuli.
12. Physical Chemistry by Gordon M.Barrow, 5th Edition.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

Physical Geology: Earth as a member of the solar system; its origin, age, composition and internal structure. Geomorphic processes

Structural Geology: Physical properties of rocks and rock behavior in different tectonic environments; deformation by fracturing and folding; interpretation of linear and planar elements.

Paleontology: Paleontological principles and techniques and their application to the evolution of life, the ecological structure of ancient biological communities, and the history of the earth.

Stratigraphy and Sedimentology: Principles of stratigraphy; Stratigraphic record and nomenclature, Geological time scale, Stratigraphy of Salt Range. Origin, transportation and deposition of sediments; biostratigraphic dating and correlation; Sedimentary processes and environments.

Mineralogy/ Petrology: Crystal chemistry; crystal growth and mineral genesis, physicochemical principles governing crystal structures. Mineralogical, chemical, textural, and structural properties of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
rocks; their origin and relations to evolution of the Earth crust and mantle including rocks of both the continents and ocean basins.

Geochemistry: chemical processes involved in the development of the earth and distribution of the elements in the earth’s crust, atmosphere and ocean. Physical chemistry of soils including soil mineralogy (formation, relative stability, ion exchange properties) and surface chemistry. Principles of thermodynamics. Application of thermo chemistry to high and low temperature processes.



Total Marks: 100

Earth Resources: Fossil fuels, Nuclear mineral resources, Renewable energy resources, hydropower and geothermal energy, Water cycle, Surface water, Ground water, construction materials including those for concrete and aggregate, sand gravels, cement making and building stones; Fundamentals of Matellogeny and plate tectonics with reference to Pakistan. Uranium and strategic metals.

Engineering Geology: Fundamentals of Engineering Geology. Soil and rock properties. Landslides classification for slopes in rock and soil, Excavation principles in rock and soil. Stability of slopes – analysis. Site investigation and instrumentation. Dam sites of Pakistan (elementary analysis).

Remote Sensing and GIS: Introduction to the filed of remote sensing. Earth satellite systems for remote sensing. Applications in geological mapping, mineral prospecting, structural geology, geohydrology, engineering geology and geomorphology. Principles of geographic information system (GIS) including an overview of data structure, data types, methods of data analysis and cartographic modeling.

Climate and Climate Change: Scientific bases of the climate change phenomenon, climates of the past and theories of climate change. Impacts of a changing climate in different regions of the world, and mitigation strategies. Earth as a planet, its origin and composition. Rock forming major minerals. Fundamental description and classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Processes of Geomorphology both internal and external. Peneplain concept. Valley formation and Drainage patterns. Glacial landforms. Fossils, fossilization, modes of fossil preservation, geological signification of fossils. Geological timescale. Principles of stratigraphy, stratigraphic code and nomenclature, stratigraphy of Salt Range. Study of major structures i.e. Folds, Faults, Joints, Cleavage and linear structure. Fundamental concepts of Engineering Geology and Geohydrology Introduction to the concept of Environmental Geology and Global Climate Change. Fossils Fuels, hydropower, Geothermal Energy, Nuclear minerals, Renewable energy.


RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Albarade, F., (2003), Geochemistry: An Introduction, Cambridge Press.
2. Barnes, J.W. and Lisle, R.J. (2004), Basic Geological Mapping, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Bell, F.G., (2004), Engineering Geology and Construction, Spon Press, N.Y.
4. Bender, F.K. and Raza H.A.(1995), Geology of Pakistan, Gebruder Borntraeger.
5. Best, M.G. (2003) Igneous and metamorphic Petrology, Blackwell Science
6. Davis, G.H. and Reynolds, S.J. (1996), Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, John Wiley & Sons.
7. Demers, M.N. (2005) Fundamentals of Geographic Information System, John Wiley & Sons.
8. Dobrin, M.B. and Savit, Ch.H. (1988), Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, McGraw Hill.
9. Emery , D. and Myers, K.J. (1996), Sequence Stratigraphy, Oxford, Blackwell.
10. Hudak, P.F. (2005), Principles of Hydrogeology, 3rd Ed. CRC Press
11. Kazmi, A.H. and Abbas, S.G. (2001), Metallogeny and Mineral Deposits of Pakistan, Orient Petroleum Inc.
12. Kazmi, A.H. and Jan, M.Q. (1997) Geology and Tectonics of Pakistan, Graphic Publishers.
13. Keary, P and Vine, F.J. (1996) Global Tectonics, Blackwell.
14. Montgomery, C.W., (2005) Environmental Geology, McGraw Hill.
15. North, F.K. (1985) Petroleum Geology, Allen & Unwin.
16. Plummer, (2005), Physical Geology, Mcgeay and Carlson.
17. Raup, D.M. and Stanley, S.M. (1985), Principles of Paleontology, W.H. Freeman & Co.
18. Sam Boggs (1987), Sedimentology and Stratigraphy.
19. Shah. S.I. (1977) Stratigraphy of Pakistan, Geological Survey of Pakistan.
20. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basics, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPPCC).
21. Thomas M.L, and Ralph, W.K. (2003) Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons.
22. Willam H.B. (1990) Principles of Mineralogy, Oxford University Press.
23. Yeung, Lo.C.P. and Lal, A.K. (2003) Concepts and Techniques of Geographic Information System, Prentice Hall.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

Course Outline:

1. The Universe:-

The solar system and the Earth. Earth’s Origin, shape and size, rotation and revolution, distribution of land and water. Geological time scale.

2. Lithosphere:-

Composition and internal structure of the Earth, Rocks-origin, formation and types ( igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic), plate tectonics, mountain building geomorphic processes internal and external, earthquakes, volcanic activity, weathering, mass wasting, erosion and deposition, cycle of erosion; landforms produced by surface water, ground water, wind and glaciers.

3. Elements of weather and climate:-

Insolation, global radiation and heat balance, atmospheric temperature, compositon and structure of atmosphere, atomosheric pressure and winds air masses and fronts (classification, distribution and associated weather), cyclones, tornadoes, thunderstorms and weather disturbances. Hydrological cycle. Atmospheric moisture and precipitation. Climatic classification: Koppen’s classification with special reference to the following types: Af, Am, Bsh, Csa and Dfc. Atmospheric pollution global warming.

4 Hydrosphere:-

Configuration of ocean floor, ocean deposits. Composition, temperature and salinity of ocean water, movements of the ocean water, waves, currents and tides.

5 Biosphere:-

Origin and evolution of life on Earth (with reference to Geological time scale). Formation and types of soils. Eco-Systems and world major Biomes.

6. Study of Maps

Topographical Maps, Aerial Photographs and introduction to Remote Sensing, Weather maps of Pakistan. Map projection general principles, classification of network by simple graphic methods of the following projections. Cylindrical, Simple, Equal Area and MerCator’s (with table) Conical with one and two standard parallel’s and Bonne’s projections.Zenithal, Gnomonic Stereographic and orthographic (Polar Cases).

7. Scales: types and their use:-

8. Methods of representation of relief:-

Drawing of composite contour maps with the help of given data and information preparation of distribution maps with the help of symbols line-bar-shade dot and circle. Simple quantitative techniques and their use in geography. Study of frequency
distribution average’s (mean median and mode), Mean deviation, standard deviation and correlation. Index numbers and time series.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Strahler, A.N. (2004) “Modern Physical Geography” New York: John Wiley.
2. Gabbler, R.E, Sager, R.J and Wise, D.L (1997) “Essentials of Physical Geography” Fourth Edition. Saunders College Publishing, New York.
3. Scott, R.C. (1996) “ Introduction to physical geography” West Publishing Co., New York.
4. Miller, G.T. (1996) “Living in the Environment, Principles, Connections and solutions”, Ninth Edition, Wadsworth.
5. Thurman, H.V. & Mexrill (1996) “ Essentials of Oceanography” Manson, London.
6. Diwan A.P. & D.K. Arora (1995) “ Origin of the Ocean” Anmol Publisher, Delhi.
7. Mcuveen (1992) “Fundamentals of Weather and Climate” Prentice Hall New Hrsey.
8. Kendrew (1961): “Climate of the continents” Longman, London. New York.
9. Thorn-bury, W.D. (1969) “Principles of Geomorphology” John Willy & Sons, New York.
10.Christopherson, R.W. (2000) “Geo-Systems” USA, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
11. Monkhouse, F.J. (1996) “Principles of Physical Geography” London Hodder & Stoughton.
12. De Blij, H.J. and Muller, P.O. (1996) “Principles of Physical Geography of the Global Environment” USA, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
13.Taylor, J. (1993) “ Integral Physical Geography” London Longman.
14.Small, R.J. (1989) “Geomorphology and Hydrology” London, Longman.
15.Thompson, R.D. et. Al (1986) “Process in Physical Geography” London, Longman.
16.Miller, E.W. (1985) “ Physical Geography” Columbus, Charles E. Merrill.
17.King, CAM (1980) “Physical Geography” Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
18.Srahlar, A.N. , Strahlar, A.H. (2004) “Physical Environment New York” John Wiley.
19. Christopherson, R.W. (2000) “Geo-Systems” USA, Prentice –Hall, Inc.
20.Well & Well and N. (1998) “Atmosphere and Oceans” London, Longman.
21.Taylor, J. (1993) “Integral Physical Geography” London, Longman.
22.Mcliveen, J.F.R. (1991) “Fundamentals of Weather and Climate London” Chapman & Hall.
23.Thompson, R.D. et. Al (1986) “Process in Physical Geography” London, Longman.
24.Miller, E.W. (1985) “Physical Geography” Columbus, Charles E. Merrill.
25.King CAM (1980) “ Physical Geography” Oxford, Basil Blackwell.


Total Marks: 100

Course Outline:-

Man and his habitat: Concepts of Environmentalism and Possibilism, population growth, dynamics, (fertility, mortality, & migration), world society and culture, races, languages and religions, natural resources. World population, distribution, density and growth. Population structure, population change (Natural increase & migration) Migration factors (pull and push) types of migration Settlements: types of settlement, urbanization, rural urban characteristics urban hierarchy, Urban function and problems of urban places the Central Place theory.

BOOKS:

1. Rowntree, L. et. Al(2004) “Globalization and Diversity: Geography of a Changing World” New York; Prentice Hall.
2. Neuwirth, R. (2004) “Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, A New Urban World”, London Routledge.
3. Harper, H.L. (2003) “Environment and Society: Human Perspectives on Environmental Issues” (3rd Edition) New York; Prentice Hall.
4. Knox, P.L. & S.A. Marston (2003) “Places and Regions in Global Context: Human Geography” (3rd Edition) New York; Prentice Hall.
5. Becker, A.& Secker (2002) “ Human Geography: Culture, Society and Space” (7th Edition) New York; John Wiley and Sons.
6. DeBlij, H.J. (2002) “ Human Geography: Culture, Society, and Space” (7th Edition) New York; John Wiley and Sons.
7. Lewis, C.P. Mitchell-Fox & C. Dyer (2001) “ Village, Hamlet and Field: Changing Medieval Settlements in Central England” London; Windgather Press.
8. Hagget, P. (1997) “Geography: A Modern Synthesis” London. Harper International.



Course Outline:-

Introduction: Definition, scope, approaches to study and relationship with other disciplines.

Economic activities: Classification and general distribution.

Production and consumption: producer and consumer, decision making, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary.

Historical Evolution of World Economics Systems: Medieval feudal economics, industrial revolution, economic benefits from colonialism. Modern world system.

Various types of agriculture and their distribution, subsistence, primitive, gathering, hunting, herding, cultivation, intensive farming, gathering commercial grain farming, fishing, dairying, mixed farming and plantation farming.

Agriculture conditions of agriculture, the physical constraints on agriculture.

Land factor in agriculture, world agricultural system, problems and policies in agriculture.

The role of selected commodities e.g., wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, etc.

Forest resources: world distribution, environmental and economic.

Mineral resources, distribution of important minerals, metalliferous minerals, the non-metalliferous minerals, economic factors in mining.

Power resources, form of power, solid fuels, oil & natural gas, non-exhaustible sources of energy.

Manufacturing: light and heavy industries, locational factors and locational theories, locational analysis of selected industries, iron and steel, textile (cotton, jute, woolen, synthetic) petro-chemical, world industrial regions.

Trade and service function, tertiary activities, distribution of services service industries.

Transport and trade: significance and characteristics of transport system, network, modes of transport, specialization and international trade.

Multilateral and bilateral trade, free trade areas and common markets, balance of trade, factors of trade, world pattern of trade.

BOOKS:-

1. Alexander, J.W., (1963) “Economic Geography” Prentice Hall New Jersey.
2. Alexanderson, G. (1947) “Geography of Manufacturing” Englewood Cliffs.
3. Alnwick, H. (1981) “Geography of Commodities” Harrp London.
4. Boesch, H. (1964) “A Geography of World Economy” Princeton: D. Van Nostrand.
5. Carlson A. S, (1956) “Economic Geography of Industrial Materials” Reinhold publishing Corporation New York.
6. Fryer, D.W. (1965) “World Economic Development” McGraw Hill New York.
7. Harthorn, T.A. and Alexander, J.W.(1988) “Economic Geography” Today. New Delhi. TTDD.
8. Hartshorne T.A. & Alexander J.W. (1988) “Economic Geography” Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New York.
9. Highsmith R.M. (1963) “Geography of Commodity Production” Philadelphia, Lippincott.
10.Hodder, B.W. & Dogar Lee (1974) “Economic Geography” Methuen London.
11. Jones. C.F. & Darken, (1965) “Economic Geography” Macmillan New York.
12.Khan F.K. (1997) “An introduction to Economic Geography” Sir, Syed Academy, Karachi.
13.London, C.E. (1939) “ Industrial Geography” John Murray (publishers) Ltd.
14. Norman P. (1981) “Success in Economic Geography” John Murray (publishers) Ltd.
15.Thoman, Conklin & Yeats (1988) “The Geography of Economic Activity” McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, Inc.
16.Miller E.W. (1962) “A Geography of Manufacturing” Prentice Hall International Inc. London. 28.
17.U.N.O. Statistical Year Books. Latest Editions.29.
18. Luckas. M.R. (1991) “Economic Activity’ Longman group UK Limited. Williams. T.R. (1991)
19.Economic Geography: Longman group, New York stamp, L.D. & S Carter 31.
20.Gilmour (1960) “A Handbook of Commercial Geography” Longman London.32.
21.Howard G. Roepke (1967) “Readings in Economic Geography” John Eiley and Sons, New York. 33.
22.Rogen W.E. & N.A. Bengtson (1964) “Fundamentals of Economic Geography” Prentice Hall. 34.
23.Tomes, R.S. & R.J. Hagget (1980) “Models in Geography” Harper and Row Publishers London.



Course Outline:

Scope, Status and the significance of the regional approach and concept in Geography SAARC Countries with special reference to Pakistan, Environmental setting: physical and climatic. Natural and cultural resources: Vegetation and agriculture, population, hydrology and irrigation, mineral and power resumes, industries (major industries e.g. Iron & Steel textile, cement, chemical, sugar) trade and communication.

BOOKS:-

1. Deblij, H.J.D. & Muller, Peter O-2003 “ Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts” John Wiley and Sons.
2. Knox, P.I. & SA, Marston-2003 “Places and Regional in Global Context: Human Geography” Prentice and Hall.
3. Debliji, H.J.D2005 “Concepts and Regions in Geography” John Wiley.
4. James, Preston, E, 1974 “One World Divided” John Wiley and Sons.
5. James and Jones, 1965 “American Geography” Inventory and Prospects Association of American Geographers USA.
6. Davidson, A.P. Munir Ahmad (2003) “Privatization and Crisis of Agricultural Extension: The Case of Pakistan (King’s Soas Studies in Development Geography)”. Ashgate Publishing.
7. Abdul Hameed (1972) “Historical and Descriptive geography of Water development in West Pakistan: A case study of the Middle Indus Basin” San Francisco State College.
8. Jonson B.L.C. (1969) “South Asia: Selective Studies of the essential geography of India” Pakistan and Ceylon. Heinemann Educational.
9. Ahmad, K.S. (1964) “Geography of Pakistan” Oxford University Press.
10. Tayyeb, A. (1996) “A Political Geography of Pakistan” Oxford University Press.
11. Spate, O.H.K., (1984) “India and Pakistan” Munshiram Moharlal Publications Pvt. Ltd.
12. Khan F.K. (1991) “Geography of Pakistan” Oxford University Press, Karachi.
13. Burkey, J.S.(1991) “Pakistan the continuing search for nationhood” Western Press, Oxford, UK.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

(Marks: 100)

This part of the course relates to the traits of political thought as presented historically by the Western and Muslim philosophers.

1. Western Political Thought: Plato; Aristotle; Machiavelli; Hobbes; Locke; Rousseau; Marxism; Leninism; Maoism

2. Muslim Political Thought: AI-Farabi; AI-Mawardi; AI-Ghazali; Tusi; Ibn-e-Khaldoon; Allama Iqbal

The Institution of State and its attributes for human welfare have been highlighted here.

3. Welfare State Perceptions: Western and Islamic

4. Basic Concepts: Sovereignty; Constitutionalism; Power Distribution; Law; Liberty; Equality; Rights and Duties

5. Modes of Participation: Demands; Decisions; Public Opinion;Political Parties; Pressure Groups; Representation

6. Institutions and Leadership:
i) Legislature; Executive; Judiciary
ii) Competing Elites: Political; Military; Bureaucratic

7. Forms of Government: Monarchy; Democracy; Dictatorship; Unitary; Federation; Confederation; Parliamentary; Presidential; Authoritarian


Total Marks: 100

Taking contemporary state as a dynamic phenomenon, having its own system structures and assigned functions, a comparative analysis of some outstanding developed and developing state systems is made here. The emphasis is equally on Pakistan as an emerging political system of the world.


8. Concept of Political System:

i) Easton on Behaviorism
ii) Almond on Functionalism

9. Developed Political Systems:

Main constitutional features of USA, UK, France and former USSR

10. Developing Political Systems:

Main constitutional features of Turkey, India and China.



11. Pakistan as a Nation-State: Rise of Muslim Nationalism in South Asia under the dynamic leaderships of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

12. Political System of Pakistan: Comparative and critical analysis of the Constitutions of 1956, 1962 and 1973 (with amendments)


RECOMMENED BOOKS


Part: A Political Theory

1. M.M. Sharif, History of Muslim Philosophy
2. Rosenthal, Political Thought in Medieval Islam
3. Haroon Khan Sherwani, Muslim Political Thought and Administration
4. George H. Sabine, History of Political Thought
5. Judd Harmon, Political Thought: From Plato to Present

Part: B Individual and State

6. Rodee and Anderson, Introduction to Political Science
7. Mazharul Haq, Theory and Practice in Political Science
8. Rosenthal, Modern Islamic State
9. Samuel Beer and Adam Ullam, Patterns of Government
10. V.O. Key, Politics, Parties and Pressure Groups
11. Earnest Barker, Reflections on Government


Part: A Political Systems: Developed and Developing

12. Almond and Powell, Comparative Politics
13. Almond and Coleman, Politics of Developing Areas
14. Roy C. Macridis, Comparative Politics
15. Macridis and Wards, Modern Political Systems (Asia)
16. J. M. Coleman, Political Institutions in Europe
17. P. G. Cocker, Contemporary British Politics and Govt.
18. Thomas Patterson, The American Democracy

Part: B Pakistan

19. Keith Callard, Pakistan: A Political Study
20. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Pakistan: The Formative Phase
21. Khalid Bin Sayeed, Politics in Pakistan
22. Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan in the Twentieth Century
23. G. W. Chaudhry, Constitutional Development in Pakistan
24. Pakistan Historical Society, History of Pakistan
25. Jamil-ud-Din Ahmad, Speeches and Writings of M.A. Jinnah
26. M. Saeed Sheikh, Allama Iqbal: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
27. Mushtaq Ahmad, Government and Politics in Pakistan

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

History: Various Concepts of perceiving History.
Modern: Connotation of the terminology.
World: How the idea of world is perceived. Implications of world history.

1. TOWARDS GLOBALIZATION

Old Regimes and Archaic Globalization: Peasants and Lords, Dynamics of New Politics, Archaic and Early Modern Globalization.

2. TRANSFORMATION FROM OLD REGIMES TO MODERNITY

The Last Great Domestication and Industrious Revolutions, New Patterns of Afro-Asian Material Culture, Production and Trade, Trade Finance and Innovation: European Competitive advantages, the development of Asian and African Publics.

3. CONVERGING REVOLUTIONS
Anatomy of the World Crisis (1720-1820), Sapping the legitimacy of the State: From France to China Ideological origin of the modern left and the modern state, Nationalities VS States and Empires. The Third Revolution: Polite and Commercial Peoples Worldwide.

4. MODERN WORLD IN GENESIS

World revolutions (1815-1865), Emigration, New World Order: 1815-1865, Wars of Legitimacy in Asia, Economic and Ideological Roots of Asian Revolutions, Hunger and Rebellion in Europe (1848-1851), American Civil War as a Global Event.

5. INDUSTRIALIZAION AND THE NEW CITY HISTORIANS

Industrialization, and Cities The Progress of Industrialization Poverty and the Absence of Industry, Cites as Centers of Production, Consumption, and Politics The Urban Impact of the Global Crisis, 1780-1820. Race and Class in the New Cities,
Working-Class Politics, Worldwide Urban Cultures and their Critics.

6. NATION, EMPIRE, AND ETHNICITY, C. 1860-1900

Theories of Nationalism, When was Nationalism Born? Perpetuating Nationalisms: Memories, National Associations, and Print, From Community to Nation: The Eurasian Empires Where we Stand with Nationalism, Peoples without States: Persecution or Assimilation? Imperialism and its History: The Late Nineteenth Century Dimensions of the “New Imperialism”. A World of Nation-States? The Persistence of Archaic Globalization From Globalization to Internationalism in Practice.

7. MYTHS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF THE MODERN STATE DIMENSIONS OF THE MODERN STATE

The State and the Historians, Problems of Defining the State, The Modern State Takes Root: Geographical Dimensions Claims to Justice and Symbols of Power, The State’s Resources, The State’s Obligations to Society Tools of the State, State, Economy, and Nation.

8. THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF LIBERALISM, RATIONALISM, SOCIALISM, AND SCIENCE

Contextualizing Intellectual History, The Corruption of the Righteous Republic: A Classic Theme. Righteous Republics Worldwide, The Advent of Liberalism and the Market: Western Exceptionalism? Liberalism and Land Reform: Radical Theory and Conservative Practice, Free Trade or National Political Economy? Representing the Peoples Secularism and Positivism: Transnational Affinites The Reception of Socialism and its Local Resonances. Science in Global Context. Professionalization at World
Level.

9. SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS

Revolutionary Ideas, Philosophical and social trends.

10. Clash of Civilizations

11. Neo-Conservation

RECOMMENDED TEXTS AND LITERATURE REVIEWS

1. Dorinda Outram, The Body and the French Revolution
2. Frenc Feher, French revolution and the Birth of Modernity
3. H Kissinger, Diplomacy
4. J M Thompson, Napoleon Bonaparte: His Rise and Fall
5. E J Hobsbawn, The Age of revolution, 1789-1848
6. E J Hobsbawn, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality
7. P Pilbeam, The 1830 Revolution in France
8. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of Great Powers
9. Owen Chadwick, The Secularization of European Mind in the Nineteenth Century (1976)
10. Peter Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe (1978)
11. Marc Bloch, Feudal Society
12. M W Beresford, New Towns of the Middle Ages (1988)
13. Rosalind B and Christopher Brooke, Popular Religion in the Middle Ages (1984)
14. Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and The Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller (1982)
15. Lauro Martines, Power and Imagination; City-States in Renaissance Italy (1988)
16. Karl Marx, Das Capital
17. Herbert Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science, 1300-1800 (1965)
18. A R Hall, The Revolution in Science, 1500-1750: The Formation of the Modern Scientific Attitude (1983)
19. Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has no Sex? Women in the Origins of Modern Science (1990)
20. Barbara Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century (1983)
21. Michel Foucault, Madness and Civilization
22. Asa Briggs, Victorian People (1954)
23. Gertrude Himmelfarb, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution (1968)
24. Raymond Betts, The False Dawn: European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century (1975)
25. Timothy Mitchell, Colonizing Egypt (1988)
26. Edward Said, Orientalism (1979)
27. WD Smith, European Imperialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.


Total Marks: 100


1. Approaches to Ancient & Medieval India
2. Indus Valley Civilization
3 The Vedas & The Vedic Age
4. Foreign Invasions and Dynasties: The Aryans, Conquests of Alexander, The Mauryans, 321-185 BC, The Age of the Guptas and After, Indo-European interaction
5. Buddhism
6. Ashoka, Kanishka and the Gandhara Art
7. Emergence and Development of Caste System
8. Economy (Trade, Commerce, Industry)
9. LAW AND ADMINISTRATION: Code of law, values and tradition. Sharia, Akhlaq as law system of governance.
10. Sources of the Mughal Rule in India
11. BHAKTI MOVEMENT: Salient features of Bhakti movement, main proponents/saints, Bhatkti literature and revolt against religious orthodoxy and central government/power.
12. DEVELOPMENT OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE SUBCONTINENT: Sanskrit, Persian, Urdu, and Prakrit (local languages) literature with particular reference to humanist, political, regional and religious aspects. Relationship of power and language in medieval India.
13. Development of the Fine Arts under the Mughals.




1. Concepts of Colonialism & Imperialism
2. Extracting land Revenue, Empire and Colonial Economy.
3. 1857 War of Independence or Mutiny, Social and Religious Reforms.
4. British Social life in India, Changing British attitudes to Indian religion and society, Architecture of the Raj. Dynamics of Anglo-Indian Society.
5. Sir Syed's efforts for re-interpreting religion and modernizing the Muslim Society and resistance of Ulema. Use of modem technologies by various religious revivalist/orthodox movements (e.g., Deobandi Movement) and displacement of Sufi tradition.
6. Colonial project of assigning identities and Emergence of Nationalism in India: Dividing India in religious, communal/sectarian, regional, gender and racial/tribal lines.
7. Legacies of British Raj. Military and Bureaucracy, Political and Constitutional Development (1947-2006), Dynamics of Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism in Pakistan with reference to M Ayub Khan, M Yahya, Ziaul Haq, and Pervaiz Musharrafs regimes.
8. Nature of democracy in Pakistan: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Liaquat Ali Khan, ZA Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto, Nawaz Sharif, Shaukat Aziz.
9. Religion and Polity contraction in the Society/State building in Pakistan.
10. Problems of federal politics, Ethnic and sub-national ideologies, use of language as culture and ideology.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1. Aziz Ahmad, An Intellectual History of Islam in India
2. ----------------, Studies n Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment
3. SM Ikram, Muslim Rule in India
4. Daniel W Browne, Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought
5. Muzaffar Alam, The Languages of Political Islam in India (c. 1200-1800)
6. Jamal Malik and Helmut Reifeld (ed), Religious Pluralism in South Asia and Europe
7. Richard M Eaton, Essays on Islam and Indian History (Delhi: OUP, 2001)
8. Richard M Eaton (ed), India's Islamic Traditions (Delhi: OUP, 2003)
9. Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam (Chicago, University of Chicago Press,1988)
10. SAA Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India, 02 Volts (Delhi, 1978)
11. Francis Robinson, Islam and Muslim History in South Asia (Delhi, 2000)
12. Annemarie Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam (NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1975)
13. Eugenia Vanina, Ideas and Society in India
14. Romila Thaper, Early History of India
15. Irfan Habeeb, Agrarian System of Mughal India
16. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, From Plessey to Partition
17. Chaudheri Mohammad Ali, The Emergence of Pakistan
18. Khalid bin Saeed, Pakistan: The Formative Phase
19. Mushtaq Ahmed, Government and Politics in Pakistan
20. Pandev Nayak, Pakistan Society and Politics
21. Ayesha Jalal, Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and Historical Perspective
22. Ayesha Jalal, The State of Martial Rule: the Origins of Pakistan's Political Economy of Defence
23. Ayesha Jalal, Self and Sovereignty
24. Farhat Mahmud, Pak-US Relations
25. Stephen Cohen, The Pakistan Army
26. Ralph Braibanti, Research on the Bureaucracy of Pakistan: A Critique of Sources, Conditions, and Issues
27. Omar Noman, The Political Economy of Pakistan, 1947-1985
28. Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan in the 20th Century

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

Total Marks: 100

50-Marks
i) Civil Procedure Code 1908.
ii) Limitation Act 1908, Registration Act, 1908

50-Marks
iii) Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984



Total Marks: 100

i) Pakistan Penal Code 1860 - 40 Marks
ii) Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 - 40 Marks
iii) West Pakistan Land Revenue Act, 1967. - 20 Marks

1. RECOMMENDED BOOK OF CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE

i) The Code of Civil Procedure (Aamer Raza)
ii) Code of Civil Procedure (PLD Publishers) (Bare Act)

2. RECOMMENDED BOOK OF LIMITATION ACT

i) The Limitation Act by Shaukat Mahmood

3. RECOMMENDED BOOK OF OANOON-E-SHAHADAT ORDER 1984

i) Qanoon-e-Shahadat Order 1984 (PLD Publishers)

4. RECOMMENDED BOOK OF PAKISTAN PENAL CODE

i) Pakistan Penal Code by Shaukat Mahmood

5. RECOMMENDED BOOK OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE

i) Criminal Procedure Code by M. Mahmood
ii) Bare Act of Criminal Procedure Code

6. RECOMMENDED BOOK OF LAND REVENUE ACT

i) Land Revenue Act by M. Mahmood or Land Revenue Act by M. Mokal

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.