preparing after verylong gap...
lets prepare.....

*1 PAN* -permanant account numbe
*2. PDF*-portable document format
*3. HDFC -*-housing development finance corporation
*4. SIM -*-Subscriber Identity Module
*5. ATM -* -Automated Teller machine
*6. IFSC -*-Indian Financial System Code
*7. FSSAI(fssai)
*8-Wi-Fi-*-wireless fidelity

1.) *GOOGLE* - Global Organization Of Oriented Group Language Of Earth.
2.) *YAHOO* - Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle.
3.) *WINDOW* - Wide Interactive Network Development for Office work Solution.
4.) *COMPUTER* - Common Oriented Machine Particularly United and used under Technical and Educational Research.
5.) *VIRUS* - Vital Information Resources Under Siege.
6.) *UMTS* - Universal Mobile Telecommunicati ons System.
7.) *AMOLED* - Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode.
8.) *OLED* - Organic light-emitting diode.
9.) *IMEI* - International Mobile Equipment Identity.
10.) *ESN* - Electronic Serial Number.
11.) *UPS* - Uninterruptible power supply.
12. *HDMI* - High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
13.) *VPN* - Virtual private network.
14.) *APN* - Access Point Name.
15.) *SIM* - Subscriber Identity Module.
16.) *LED* - Light emitting diode.
17.) *DLNA* - Digital Living Network Alliance.
18.) *RAM* - Random access memory.
19.) *ROM* - Read only memory.
20.) *VGA* - Video Graphics Array.
21.) *QVGA* - Quarter Video Graphics Array.
22.) *WVGA* - Wide video graphics array.
23.) *WXGA* - Widescreen Extended Graphics Array.
24.) *USB* - Universal serial Bus.
25.) *WLAN* - Wireless Local Area Network.
26.) *PPI* - Pixels Per Inch.
27.) *LCD* - Liquid Crystal Display.
28.) *HSDPA* - High speed down-link packet access.
29.) *HSUPA* - High-Speed Uplink Packet Access.
30.) *HSPA* - High Speed Packet Access.
31.) *GPRS* - General Packet Radio Service.
32.) *EDGE* - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa Evolution.
33.) *NFC* - Near field communication.
34.) *OTG* - On-the-go.
35.) *S-LCD* - Super Liquid Crystal Display.
36.) *O.S* - Operating system.
37.) *SNS* - Social network service.
38.) *H.S* - HOTSPOT.
39.) *P.O.I* - Point of interest.
40.) *GPS* - Global Positioning System.
41.) *DVD* - Digital Video Disk.
42.) *DTP* - Desk top publishing.
43.) *DNSE* - Digital natural sound engine.
44.) *OVI* - Ohio Video Intranet.
45.) *CDMA* - Code Division Multiple Access.
46.) *WCDMA* - Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access.
47.) *GSM* - Global System for Mobile Communications.
48.) *WI-FI* - Wireless Fidelity.
49.) *DIVX* - Digital internet video access.
50.) *APK* - Authenticated public key.
51.) *J2ME* - Java 2 micro edition.
52.) *SIS* - Installation source.
53.) *DELL* - Digital electronic link library.
54.) *ACER* - Acquisition Collaboration Experimentation Reflection.
55.) *RSS* - Really simple syndication.
56.) *TFT* - Thin film transistor.
57.) *AMR*- Adaptive Multi-Rate.
58.) *MPEG* - moving pictures experts group.
59.) *IVRS* - Interactive Voice Response System.
60.) *HP* - Hewlett Packard.
*Do we know actual full form of some words???*
*🔗News paper =*
_North East West South past and present events report._
*🔗Chess =*
_Chariot, Horse, Elephant, Soldiers._
*🔗Cold =*
_Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease._
*🔗Joke =*
_Joy of Kids Entertainment._
*🔗Aim =*
_Ambition in Mind._
🔗Date =
_Day and Time Evolution._
*🔗Eat =*
_Energy and Taste._
*🔗Tea =*
_Taste and Energy Admitted._
*🔗Pen =*
_Power Enriched in Nib._
*🔗Smile =*
_Sweet Memories in Lips Expression._

*🔗SIM =*
_Subscriber Identity Module_

*🔗etc. =*
_End of Thinking Capacity_
*🔗OK =*
_Objection Killed_

*🔗Or =*
_Orl Korec (Greek Word)_

• First bio-gas plant was installed in 1974.
• First woman bank established on Dec: 1, 1989.
• Badshahi mosque built in 1670 A.D.
• Designataion of GG changed into President on 23rdMarch, 1956.
• Largest Hockey stadium is National Hockey Stadium Lahore.
• First minority minister of Pak: Joginder Nath Mandal held the portfolio of law.
• First Atomic Reactor established in Islamabad in 1956. (chk).
• Largest railway tunnel is Khojak.
• Smallest dam of Pak: Warsak dam.
• Largest fort of Pak: “Rani Kot”.
• City Bank is the largest bank in the country.(chk: Habib Bank)
• Nishan-e-Pak: is the highest civil award of Pak:
• Second highest civil award is Hilal-e-Pak:
• Ayub National Park (Rawalpinidi) is the largest Park in Pakistan.
• Lahore Museum is the biggest in Pak: (chk)
• Largest Railway station is Lahore.
• Highest Pass is Muztag Pass which connects Gilgitto Xinkiyang.
• Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal or Sukkur Barrage or Lance Down Pull built in 1936.
• Largest Cement Plant is Lucky Cement Plant near Luki Marwat.
• Largest road is Shahrah-e-Pak:
• Shortest river is Ravi.
• Smallest division is Karachi.
• Largest division is Kalat.
• Largest division of Sindh is Therparkar.
• Habib Bank Plaza Karachi has 23 stories (345 ft)...
• Minar-e-Pak: is 196 ft, 8 inches high.
• Pakistan has its longest boundary with Afghanistan.
• Pakistan is 34th largest country in the world, 6th population wise.
• Smallest civil award is Tamg-e-Khidmat.
• First census of Indo-Pak: 1881.
• Highest dam is Mangla dam.
• Pak: expedition to Antarctica reached on 5 Jan, 1991 established Jinnah Research Station
• Longest tenure as Governor General was Ghulam Mohammad.
• Longest tenure as President was Ayub Khan.
• Longest period of rule was of Zia.
• Longest tenure as PM was of Liaquat Ali
• Shortest tenure as PM of Ayub Khan (3 days) then Shujaat Hussain (47 days).
• Shortest tenure as President is of Bhutto.
• Shortest tenure as Governor General is of Quaid.
• Longest tenure as Governor General is of Ghulam Mohd:
• Largest library is Quaid-e-Azam library.
• Largest University is in Punjab.
• Oldest university is in Punjab.
• The only non-military shaheed to receive Nishan-e-Haiderwas Subaidar Lalik Jan he
belonged to NLI.
• Highest peak of Sulaiman mountains is Takht-e-Sulaiman.
• Highest peak is K2 (Goodwin Austin 5,611 meters)
• 2nd largest glacier of Pak: is Batura.
• Largest Island of Pak: is Manora.
• Smallest city is Jehlum.
• Longest tunnel rail= Khojak (2.43 miles) (Baluchistan), road=Lowari Tunnel (5 miles),
water=Warsak Dam Tunnel (3.5 miles).

• Rainiest city is RawalPindi.
• Rainiest place is Muree.
• First Medical College was Nishtar Medical College.
• Smallest Dam is Warsak dam.
• Largest mountain range is Karakoram.
• First to receive Nishan-e-Hyder was Mohd: Sarwar Shaheed.
• First private airline of Pakistan is Hajvari...

__________________
~It is possible to fail in many ways...while to succeed is possible only in one way.~

i will share more data after replies

__________________
~It is possible to fail in many ways...while to succeed is possible only in one way.~

a.o.a sir. please share notes which is compiled.

thank you for sharing. please post more questions/material

important GK
Who headed the commission formed by Ayub Khan for drafting the 1962 Constitution? Manzoor Qadir
• The number of seats of National Assembly won by Awami League in the 1970 election? 160
• Bangladesh came into existence on? 16th December 1971.
• The number of Articles included in the constitution of 1973? 280
• Z.A. Bhutto took oath as President under the Provisional Constitution on? 21st April 1972.
• The new capital of Pakistan was given the name of Islamabad on? 24th Feb 1959.
• Gen. Ayub Khan suspended Iskandar Mirza on? 27th October 1958
• The Qadianis were declared as minority in the National Assembly on? 7th September 1974.
• When Zakat and Ushr Ordinance was enforced? 20th June 1980
• Muhammad Khan Junejo took oath as Prime Minister of Pakistan on? 23rd March 1985.
• One Unit was formed in? 1955
• Gwadar became the part of Pakistan in? 1958
• Balochistan was given status of Province? 1970
• West Pakistan was divided into four provinces in? 1973
• The post of C.N.C was changed in Chief of Staff? 1976.
• Banks were nationalized in Pakistan in? 1974
• Karakoram highway which was completed In 15 years was formally opened in? 1978
• River Indus enters in Pakistan near? Chelas
• Youm-e-Fazia is observed on? 7th September
• Rawal Dam is near Islamabad on Kurang river
• Chaman is famous for? Fruit
• Lal Suhanra Park is in? Bahawalpur
• RCD agreement concluded between Turkey Iran and Pakistan on? 21st July 1964
• Where is Masjid Wazir Khan? Lahore.
• Federal Sharit Court was established in? 1979
• Nationalization of industries was started by? Z.A. Bhutto
• Qisa Khawani Bazar is in? Peshawar
• Bolan Pass meets? Quetta with Afghanistan
• Boundary line between Azad Kashmir and Occupied Kashmir is called Control Line (720Km)
• Boundary between India and Pakistan demarcated by Sir Cyril Radcliff is called Radcliff Line
• In Rann of Kutch dispute in 1965, Pakistan declared frontier between Pakistan and India is 24th Parallel Line
• Which city of Pakistan is known as the ‘City of Colleges’? Lahore
• What is Pakistan's major export? Taxtile industry (Cotton) (second rice)
• The Quaid-i-Azam was born in Wazir Mension Karachi
• Which is the first newspaper of Urdu language? Jam-e-Jahan Numma (1st Pakistani __ Amroz)
• When Radcliffe Award was announced? 17th August 1947
• Which of the following king has introduced Land Revenue system in subcontinent? Sher Shah Suri
• Talbul project is disputed between Pakistan and India.
• Mehdi Shah was elected first Chief Minister of Gilgit Baltistan.
• Rah-e-Rasat Operation was started by Army of Pakistan in Swat
• Rah-e-Nijat Operation was started by Army of Pakistan in South Waziristan
• 17 Member bench of SC has declared NRO null & void and unconstitutional all cases withdrawn under NRO reopen with immediate effect on 16th December 2009
• What is the full name of Kerry-Lugar Bill? Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009
• Under ‘Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act of 2009’ what will USA provide Pakistan? $ 1.5 billion annually
• For how long Pakistan would get the US aid under Kerry-Lugar bill? 5 years
• How much total US aid will flow to Pakistan under Kerry-Lugar bill over the five years? US$ 7.5 billion
• Gilgit-Baltistan (empowerment and Self-Governance) Order, 2009 was approved on August 29, 2009
• 7th NFC award was signed by prime minister and other chief ministers of all provinces on 30th December 2009.
• Shahbaz Airbase is located in Jacobabad.
• Shamsi Airbase is located in Quetta.
• “In the line of Fire” is the autobiography of General Pervez Musharraf
• Who wrote “Freedom Movement of India”? I.H.Qureshi
• “Reconstruction of Religious Thoughts in Islam” is written by Allama Iqbal
• “The Idea of Pakistan” is a famous book written by Stephen Philip Cohen
• Pakistan, the Heart of Asia is written by Liaquat Ali Khan.
• Who wrote India wins Freedom? Maulana Abu’al Kalam Azad
• The writer of The Spirit of Islam is Amir Ali
• Struggle for Pakistan was written by I.H. Qureshi
• The author of Pathway to Pakistan is Choudhry Khaliquzzaman
• The writer of Friends Not Masters is Ayub Khan
• 'Daughter of the East' book is written by Benazir Bhutto
• Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia book is written by Ayesha Jalal
• The State of Martial Rule book is written by Ayesha Jalal
• Self and Sovereignty book is written by Ayesha Jalal
• The Making of Pakistan book is written by K. K. Aziz
• The Emergence of Pakistan book is written by Ch. Mohammad Ali

1. Which caretaker PM of Pakistan died on 22nd november 2016 in USA?
Moen ud Din Qureshi
2. Pakistan's 9th international defence exhibition at Karachi?
IDEAS-2016
3. 6th Asia cup cricket tournamen was held in ?
Thailand
4. 16th COAS from Baloch regiment was?
Gen Javed Qamar Bajwa
5. Only Pakistani to have climbed 6 tall mountains of 8000m passed away on 21st nov 2016?
Hassan Sadpara
6. Pakistan started direct rail and freight service on dec-2016 with?
China
7. Current minister of planning and development?
Ahsan Iqbal
8. Chairman Joint chiefs of staff committees?
Zubair Hayat
9. First South Asian and Pakistani boxer won WBC silver flyweight championship held in seoul on 27th nov, 2016?
Muhammad Waseim
10. Which bank has installed highest ATM at Pak-China border in khunjerab pass?
NBP (in october 2016)
11. Nawaz Sharif inaugurated N-85 Surab-Hoshab road on 14-december, 2016 in?
Turbat (448km long road)
12. T-20 woman Asia cup won by ?
India
13. current DG ISI?
Naveed Mukhtar
14. Task force established by Pak navy to defend CPEC?
Task force 88
15. Pak. New missile tested on dec 2016?
Babur ii
16. First Pak. woman to become BDU member?
Rafia Qaseem Baig
17. DG rangers Sindh?
Gen. Muhammad Saeed
18. First woman to preside over CCW convention?
Tehmina Janjua
19. Junaid Jamshed belonged to which band?
Vital Sign
20. Captain of pakistani disabled cricket team?
Nihar Alam
21. Heart of Asia conference 2016 held in?
India
22. Pakistan Ambassador to US?
Jalil Abbass Jilani
23. Current governor Sindh?
Muhammad Zubair
24. 2016 Asian Men's hockey championship won by?
India
25. First female caretaker chief election commissioner of Pakistan who took oath on 7 november 2106 was?
Justice Irshad Qaiser
26. How many new members included in Elaction commission on july-2016?
4
27. Saeeduzzamman siddiqui died on?
11th jan-2017
28. Punjab-Shandong business conference was held in?
China
29. Sharbat Gula Bibi( Afghan Mona Liza) was arrested by FIA due to?
Having Pakistan CNIC
30. Dr. Ishrat ul Ibad has longest tenure as governor of any province?
14 years(2002-2016)
31. Which country has joined WTO as 164th country on 29th july 2016?
Afghanistan
32. Burhan Wani was commander of?
Hizbul Mujahideen
33. PM of Azad Kashmir?
Raja Farooq Haider
34. Speaker of Azad Kashmir assembly?
Shah Ghulam Qadir
35.K4 is a?
Water project for karachi

__________________
A man is not finished when he is defeated, he is finished when he quits!!!

40 Inventions of Muslim Scientists that changed the World

Inventions of Muslim Scientists that changed the World
26 minutes read
Since the advent of Islam, Muslims not only ruled the world, but Muslim Scientists also came up with bazillions of inventions. From their various scientific experiments which contributed in the field of medicine to their vast knowledge about the astronomy i.e. sun, moon, stars; they introduced the world with numerous hidden powers of the Universe. Furthermore, they also contributed in various other fields of science i.e. chemistry, biology, mathematics, chemistry, geography and much more. Few of the big names of Islamic History, like Jabir Bin Hayan, Khwarizmi and Ibn Battuta enlightened the world by their endless knowledge and made their Mark, their inventions not only contributed in the days of yore, even in present day their remarkable work is considered as worth its weight in gold.

1. Algebra

We use algebra in our daily life without even realizing its importance, Algebra was first invented by a Muslim Persian Mathematician Al-Khwarizmi. He was one of the Renowned Muslim Mathematician who came up with the first idea of raising number into power; many other Muslim mathematicians like Al-Khayyam and Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsīi introduced the world to algebraic geometry and solved cubic equations. Moreover, Al-Khwarizmi and Al-Kindi were the first to introduce Numerical Numbering which became popular worldwide.

2. Mechanism of Breathing

Although the circulation of blood was first studied by Greek physicians, who said that blood moves from the right to left ventricle of heart through invisible passages of septum, however Ibn al-Nafis an Islamic Syrian Physician proved that theory wrong and accurately predicted that blood travels from right to left ventricle through the lungs, where lungs purify the blood making it able for human body to survive. His work didn’t get much attention till 20th century.

3. Cryptography

Cryptography is an art of writing or solving codes, this technique might look modern but in actual fact, it is a thousand years old technique. The first explanation of cryptanalysis was given by an Arab Mathematician Al-Kindi in his treatise “ A manuscript on deciphering cryptographic messages”. He was the first one to suggest that Quran discovered the letter frequency and every Arabic letter has a certain frequency, in his treatise, he also described the first frequency analysis method.

4. Refinement

Jabir ibn Hayyan, a prominent Muslim chemist and also known as father of chemistry, was the primary one who came up with the process of distillation for separating different liquids. He also introduced many of the other processes of Refinement in Alchemy i.e. Evaporation, filtration, purification, oxidation and crystallization. These processes are even frequently used in today’s chemistry.

5. Surgery

A Muslim surgeon Named Al Zahrawi brought the world into contact with surgery, therefore also known as father of surgery , he invented hundreds of surgical instruments in which few of them are even used widely in present day i.e. precision scissors, needles, bone saws etc. He is also the author of one of the most influential books of medicine Kitab Al Tasrif, which includes the treatment of over hundred deceases and various methods of surgeries.

6. Length of the solar year

A Muslim Astronomer named Al-Battani was the first one to calculate the length of the solar year, he came up with the astronomic and numeric tables which were used to find the direction of Qibla as it was important to Muslims. Moreover, he also predicted the movement of sun, moons and other planets in the solar system.

7. Quadratic equations

From some of the major contributions of Muslims in mathematics, Quadratic equations is one of their inventions. A Persian Muslim Mathematician Abul Wafa Buzjani and Poet developed many quadratic equations numerous of them are still in use. He also solved thirteen forms of cubic equations.

8. Law of Refraction

Law of refraction which is used to find the relationship between angle of incidence and refraction, also known as Snell’s law was invented by a Persian Muslim Physician Ibn Sahl. In his manuscript “On Burning Mirrors and Lenses” He presented different shapes of lenses that focus light with no geometric aberrations and produced first Aspheric lenses.

9. Shape of earth

Muslim astronomers were very quick on the uptake, they precisely calculated the shape of earth as sphere, and five hundred years later of their inventiom, Galileo said that Muslims calculations about the shape of earth were very accurate. Many of the leading Muslim mathematicians also invented spherical trigonometry.

10. Vaccinations and Drugs

Muslims Contributed Widely in Medicine, the process of vaccination was also first introduced by Muslim scientists for the treatment of small pox in Turkey, Later it was introduced to Europe by Turkish. The initial process of using plants as medicine to cure deceases was also introduced by Muslims. A very Notable scientist Ibn Sina author of book “Al Qanun Fil tibb” contributed hugely in the field of medicine, which described several Pharmacological Methods and hundreds of drugs. Moreover, Mercuric chloride which is used to heal wounds was also invented by Muslims.

11. Pin-Hole Camera

An exceptional Arab scientist named Ibn Al Haytham who contributed in Mathematics, astronomy and physics frequently, but his most influential work was done in the field of optics. He not only proved that light rays enters into our eyes rather than leaving it, but he also invented the very first pin hole camera, after one day he contemplated on light rays emitting from his window hole, he concluded that, the smaller the hole gets the sharper the rays becomes and implemented this technique to invent his first camera. Therefore, we should thank Haytham for making it possible for us to capture our memorable moments.

12. Windmills

In 634, Persian caliph Umar hired an engineer who invented the first wind mill. Those very first wind mills were constructed in deserted areas due to access of wind pressure. It was built by using 6 to 12 sails covered with clothing material, they were used to draw water from streams and to grind corn. Later European countries adapted this technique to construct energy producing windmills.

13. Parachute

In the modern world wright brothers may take the credit of first airplane, however thousand years before their invention, a well-known Muslim engineer Abbas Ibn Firnas made the very first attempt of flying, by using wooden struts he constructed a machine and tried to jump from a mosque. Although he failed his first attempt but didn’t lose his hope, and later at the age of 70 he gave a second try to fly and this time he succeeded, he used eagles feathers and silk for his flying machine this time, though he had managed to fly but on landing his machine crashed which later he realized was due to the absence of tail in his flying machine for landing.

14. Astrolabes

Muslim astronomers contributed vastly in astronomy, Astrolabes is one of their inventions. Astrolabe is used to determine the time and to find the altitude of planets. Muslim scientist Fazari made very first brass astrolabe to find the direction of Qibla and to determine the hour of prayers, many of those ancient models were so precise and perfect that few of the museums still displays those models.

15. Gun powder

Although Chinese invented gun powder also known as “Chinese snow” but they used it for fireworks while Muslim chemists derived its formula and used it for military purposes. Muslims were the first one to invent weapons filled with gun powder i.e. fire arms, grenade, crude cannons, riffles, sulfur bombs, pistol for their defense in wars hundred years before they were even invented in Europe. Moreover, in 15th century Arabs invented first Rocket and torpedo by using gun powder.

16. Crankshaft

Crankshaft is used to convert the rotatory motion into linear motion, which is one of the most worthy invention of Muslim scientist, it was invented by a Muslim engineer Al-Jazari in 1206, he used circular wheel motion and several crank pins moving back and forth in straight line to make a crankshaft, this crankshaft was used in water raising machines to raise water for irrigation purposes, this method is also used many of the modern machineries.

17. Telescope

Taqi ad-Din Muhammad invented the magnifying device. In his book, the Light of the Pupil of Vision and the Light of the Truth of the Sights, He described about an instrument that could magnify objects located far away and this device could also help to see the details of distant objects, in another book he wrote how this instrument was used and made, later following his given instructions this device was made and named as telescope.

18. Pendulum

In order to measure time by oscillations the first pendulum was made by a Muslim scientist Ibn Yunus during 10th century, he was the first one to study the oscillatory motion, later this technique was used in clocks by Muslim physicists during 15th century.

19. Clocks

Although, Huygens is said to be the inventor of first clock, however various kinds of mechanical clocks were created by Muslim Engineers since the time of yore, a well-known watch maker Kutbi made the very first watch. In 15th century, Muslims also invented Mercury escapement clock which was copied by Europeans. Moreover water clocks, pendulum clocks, alarm clocks and astronomical clocks are also their inventions. Muslims used these clocks for observations and to determine their prayers timings.

20. Submarine

First submarine named “tahtelbahir” was invented by Ottoman Muslim Architect Ibrahim Efendi. Later an Ottoman writer Humayun compared this submarine with alligator and wrote that, an alligator like machine submerged into the sea and crew inside it were able to breathe under the sea through pipes, he also wrote that after staying under water for half an hour it emerged back with five people walking out from the mouth of this submarine.

21. Tooth Brush

The last prophet of Allah and one of the most influential personality of Islamic History Muhammad ﷺ gave supreme significance of cleanliness. He said “Cleanliness is half the faith”. He was the first one who used the twig of Meswak tree as a toothbrush to clean his teeth and freshen His breath; toothbrush was therefore invented by Him. Meswak is very effective to fight against plaque and bacterial infections. Using it may seem outdated but its twigs are still used by Muslims because of the benefits of its extracts. According to a study in 2007, extracts from Meswak is 20 times more effectual than ordinary mint, therefore even in modern toothpastes substances from meswak trees are commonly used.

22. Coffee

The most widely drink Coffee was first introduced by Muslims in 9th century, when an Arab Man Khalid observed that his goats started to look livelier after eating some kind of berries. He boiled those berries and made a drink which became popular as Qehwa, in early times many Sufis and religious people used to drink it occasionally to stay awake and to perform their payers at late night. Later coffee came to Mecca and turkey, the first coffee house was built in London also by a Muslim Turk.

23. Fountain Pen

In 953, Sultan of Egypt Al-Mu’izz wanted the first pen that would not stain his clothes or leak ink, he suggested that it should contain ink inside it rather than having a container with it, the first fountain pen was therefore invented to fulfil his demand. A Muslim craftsman made the first fountain pen with a tube filled with ink inside it, it worked by gravity to move the ink to the tip of the pen which enabled to write through it.

24. Paper

On our day to day basis, we use stuff without even knowing their worth and history behind them. Many of them were invented way back at the time of yore and from a pile of those historical inventions, a handful of them came up from inventive Muslim scientists. In this third part of the series we will cover few of our daily life necessities that were invented by several Great enthusiastic Muslim Personalities.

25. Quilting

Muslim Army first wore the quilted straw filled shirts for their protection and as a guard against the Crusaders’ metal armor chafing, it was made by sewing two pieces of clothes in between with a layer which also provided warmth and isolation to them, and hence from there it gained recognition, especially the cooler regions of Europe adopted this method of quilting to keep theirselves warm.

26. Soap and Shampoo

Since in Islam much priority is given to cleanliness, specially before prayers, hence not only first toothbrush but also the first soap and shampoo was invented by Muslim scientists, Arab chemists mixed sodium hydroxide, vegetables and oil fragrant to produce first soap, later shampoo was introduced to English also by a Muslim chemist who opened Mahomed’s Indian Vapor Baths in England, Muslims perfected the recipes of soap and shampoo and those recipes are even widely used at present time.

27. Glass and lens

Abbas Ibn Firnis was not only the first one to fly but he was also the first one to invent glass vessels and lenses for magnification, he invented the first eye glasses. Moreover, Mirror glasses were also first introduced by Muslims, many Venetians learned the technique of manufacturing fine glass in 9th and 10th century.

28. Guitar and Lute

Yes, guitar in not a latter-day Invention, Guitar and Lute were the musical instruments invented by the ancient Muslim world, Music was common in Arabs and Turks. They invented a pear-shaped instrument which they called “oud”, and Guitar is the advanced form of oud.

29. Soup

In 9th century, a Muslim scientist named Ali Ibn Nafi moved from Iraq to Cordoba where he introduced the first 3 course meal system in which soup was served before meat or vegetables and at the end fruits and nuts were served, this liquid food was made by boiling vegetable, meats and using several spices, therefore due to its toothsome quality it gained high admiration.

30. Perfume

Since the time of Muhammad (P.B.U.H) perfume was used before prayers, it was known as attar in Arab, which was made by natural perfumed oil and plants. Attar is still widely used by Muslims. Moreover, two of the Arab chemists Jabir ibn Hayan and Al Kindi were the first one to establish perfume industry, Jabir ibn Hayan developed the methods refinements which helped in perfume making, however Al Kindi combined various plants and herbs to produce different scents.

31. Hospitals

The idea of hospitals was first came up by Muslim world, when Prophet ﷺ started the services for ill people in His mosque. Later during the reign of Harun Al Rashid in Baghdad the first official Hospital was constructed following the footsteps of Prophet ﷺ, where health care services were provided free of cost to sick and injured people. It quickly gained much fame and many of the hospitals started to construct across the globe.

32. Planetarium

With his invention of first air plane and glass, Ibn Firnas was also the first Muslim Scientist to invent planetarium, the modern large dome shaped planetariums where the scene of solar system appears more realistically came up from the idea of Firnas, he had a Planetarium in his house from where stars, moons, celestial bodies, meteors and lightening could be seen, several special personalities like kings and scientists used to visit and admire him for his exceptional work.

33. Gardens

Although ancient Europe had gardens for growing herbs and plants but in 11th century Arabs invented first ornamental gardens and portrayed it as a place of beauty and comfort. Europeans saw the first royal garden in Spain and started to construct the same. Muslims mainly used tulips and carnation plants to decorate their gardens.

34. First University

Islam gave much significance for seeking education, many of the small schools and education centers were built since early Muslim history. However in 9th century a princess named Fatima al-Fihri in Morocco established the first academia, which was named as University of al-Qarawiyyin, it mainly focused on the education of young girls, education was given free of cost and many of the international students also joined this university for the sake of education.

35. Pointed arches and Domes

Muslims had few of the best architects in the history like Sinan who was the master architect of Ottoman Empire. Muslim architects first used the pointed arches in their buildings which were later adapted by Romans and they built rounded arches, however the pointed arches were more strong and effective. Domes were also first built by Muslims, Muslim used to construct mosques, castles and palaces using these techniques

36. Pay Cheques

The Pay Cheques we use to deliver salaries every month may sound like a modern invention, but in point of fact it was invented by ancient Arabs. The word Cheque is derived from the Arabic word Saqq, which means a written oath for the payments after the delivery of goods, as this method was safe and avoided money to be transported for long distance with dangerous routes, people started to favor it and later it became famous in rest of the world.

37. Graphic Processing Unit

Hossein Yassaie invented first GPU PowerVR MBX, from 2000 up till now these chips are providing 3d graphics for many latest mobile systems i.e. Samsung and Apple. PowerVR chipsets also provided 3d graphics to home systems. In 2012, Hossein Yassaie for his services in technology also received knighthood award.

38. Sky Scraper

In 16th century in Sibham a city of Yemen, also known as the oldest skyscraper city, first constructed up to 500 tower buildings which were about 75 to 100 feet tall and had 5 to 11 stories. Furthermore, a Muslim Bangladeshi engineer Fazlur Khan presented Designs of structural system which gained much worth and were implemented in the construction of Sears tower and John Hancock Center, he was also distinguished as the Einstein of structural engineering, and one of the greatest architecture of 20th century, Burj Dubai the tallest skyscraper of the world and Petronas of Malaysia the world’s tallest twin towers were also constructed by Muslims.

39. Video hosting service with web browser

The first person who came up with the idea of Video hosting service with web browser was a Bangladeshi Engineer Jawed Karim, he is also the co-founder of YouTube.

40. Electronic Tape Music

A student Halim El-Dabh, in 1944 first used wire recorders to record the sounds of ancient zaar ceremony. He later developed the first electronic tape music in 1944. In the history of studio, He was one of the most remarkable composers.

Muslims are few of the most quick-witted people and geniuses of the world. They did exceptional work in all the fields of life, not only their inventions but their dozens of advantageous books helped change the world. To make our lives more comfy, the legendary Muslim scientists played the utmost role, yet the bitter truth is that in this in this day and age, Muslims are mis-believed as Terrorists. However, Islam extremely condemns Terrorism and is the religion of peace and harmony.

__________________
~It is possible to fail in many ways...while to succeed is possible only in one way.~

Great Work Waseem ! Count me In for preparation of AD .

1-First census in Pakistan???
#1951
2- Soil erosion can be prevented by???
#Afforstataion
3- synonyms of opportune???
#Appropriate
4-in 1867 the USA purchase Alaska from???
#Russia
5- Zakat and usher ordinance was promulgated???
#1980
6- The president issues the ordinance when the parliament is not on session? ??
#In_the_advice_of_PM
7- Hollywood located in???
#California
8-Indian national congress was founded by????
#A.o.Hume
9- south Africa also called rainbow nation has ........official languages??
11
10- Ijma means ???
#Consensus
11- who was finance Minster in cabinet of Pakistan???
#Ghulam_Muhammad
12- french Footballer zidane belong to?
#Algeria
13-physiotherapy is method of????
#immobility_of_Joints
14-3rd battle of panipat???
#Ahmad Shah abdali and mehraths
15- what was evil practice by Sodom and Gomorrah???
#indulge_in_homesexulaty
16- Alia parted......her parents in tears?
#From
17- what name was given to India partition??
#June 3rd plan
18-laughing gas???
#Nitrous_oxide
19- programme written to make computer in desire way??
#software
20- First fifa world cup played???
#Uruguay
21- in ms word cut keys???
#Cntrl+X
22- peak koh-e-Adam located???
#Srilanka
23-states of usa???
#50
24- Attack date of army public school??
#16_dec_2014
25- Christian Bernard performed first ever heart transplant belongs to???
#Southafrica
26- Dry ice
#carbon di oxide
27- 2nd battle of panipat???
#akbar_hemubikal
28- correct sentence
#Alas! Her father has died...
29- Theory of evolution???
#charles_Darwin
30- Mehmud ghaznavi son of ???
#Subkatgin
31- justice delayed in justice
#denied
32- synonyms of inviegh
#Demonstrate
33- Kigali capital
#Rwanda
34- divisible by 12???
#4404
35- if the day before yesterday was Sunday then day after tomorrow will be???
#Wednesday
36- The Romans triumphed. ......the Greeks????
#over
37- mouse computer
#input device
38- The appointment of chief justice of Pakistan is made by? ???
#President
39- Zakat in which surah????
#Toubah
40- in which battle British forces led by duke Wellington defeated French forces led by Napoleon Bonaparte???
#Battle_of_Waterloo
41- Different from
A.inch b.ounce c.centimetres d.yard
#ounce
42- Ms word printing key
#cntrl+P
43- nizam ud din auliya buried???
#dehli
44- when gas turned into liquid prices called ???
#Condensation
45- next number
3,4,7,8,11,12....
#15
46- synonyms of Nonchalant
#Dispassionate
47- crptology is study of? ??
#Codes
48- Shab-e-miraj falls on
#27_Rajab
49- current chairman joint chief of staff???
#Zubair_hayat
50- quitto is capital of???
#Ecuador

__________________
~It is possible to fail in many ways...while to succeed is possible only in one way.~