History Notes for evaluation and admission to Study forum 2008!

[islamabadian786]

Compare the Mahmood of Ghazna and Muhammad of Ghor as Muslim conquerors and statesmen of the sub-continent.

Answer:
1-INTRODUCTION:

Muhammad Ghori and Sultan Mahmood are the two important personalities of Midieval age in sub-continent. Both were enterprising soldiers and invaded India time and again. A carefull and close scrutiny of their respective achievements and character show that they resembled each other in more than one respect and differed in many respects. An overview of both the leaders is given below.


2-AN OVERVIEW OF MUHAMMAD GHORI:

Following are the salient features of the life and qualities of Muhammad Ghori.

i-Great Politician:
He was a great politician and a far sighted statesman. He fully realized the rotten political condition of India and therefore decided to establish permanent kingdom here.

ii-Shrewd Diplomat:

He was a shrewd diplomat as he could deal with every type of friend or foe. He exploited the enemies' weaknesses to his benefit.

iii-perseverence:

He was a determined to reach his goal. Despite many failures he never stopped to realize his plans.

iv-Choice of Men:

In choice of men, he displayed singular talent for the slaves like Aibak, Yalduz and Tughril, he owed most of the success.

v-contribution to Establish Turkish Rule:

His contribution to establishment of Turkish Rule in India can not be over-emphasized.

vi-Wider Conquests:

His campaigns stretched from Afghanistan to Bengal. This is evident of his great vision and tact to organize vast military campaigns.

vii-Steady Builder:

He was a steady builder of his empire. Despite frequent setbacks he advanced steadily towards his empire-building goal.

3-AN OVERVIEW OF MAHMOOD OF GHAZNA:

Following ar the salient features of the life oand qualities of Sultan Mahmood of Ghazna.

i-Administration of Justice:

He was particularly famous for his administration of justice. He meted out justice to all irrespective of caste and creed.

ii-Generelship:

He is considered to be one of the greatest generals of Muslim World. He never suffered a defeat.

iii-Unity of His Army:

He had heterogeneous army consisting of Turks, Arabs, and Hindus, but with the tactful handling of Sultan this army became invincible.

iv-Greatest King:

A great leader of men, a just ruler, a gifted soldier, a dispenser of justice, and a patron of letters, he deserves to be ranked as the greatest king of his age.



4-COMPARISON BETWEEN MUHAMMAD GHORI & MAHMOOD OF GHAZNA:

These two conquerors and kings have been compared in following respects.

i-As General & Soldier:

Mahmood was far more a great general than Muhammad Ghori and the military career of the former was far more brilliant that that of later. Sultan Mahmood never suffered a defeat in his seventeen campaigns of India. Whereas Ghori suffered many crushing defeats and his successes were mainly due to his able lieutenants Qutbuddin Aibak and Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji.

ii-As Founders of Muslim Empire in India:

Muhammad Ghori has been called the founder of the Muslim empire in INdia. He took great care i consolidating his conquests. He rendered a great service to the cause of Islam in the sub-continent. Whereas Sultan Mahmood invaded India either to collect the wealth of HIndu Temples or to chastise the disaffected Hindu Rajas. With the exception of Punjab his invasions did not last longer.

iii-As Statesmen:
They both were great statesmen. Ghori found India suitable for making his empire in India due to his failures against Khwarism Shah in Afghanistan. Whereas Sultan Mahmood of Ghazna built the Ghaznavid empire in Afghanistan and enriched it with the wealth of India. Both of conquerors acted like a real statesman.

iv-As Patrons of Art & Learning:

The chief work that has immortalized Mahmood of Ghazna's name was his patronage of learning and literature. He gathered a large number of poets and scholars in his court like al-Beruni, Utbi, and Firdausi. He built museum and many magnificent buildings. On the other hand Ghori had interest in the patronage of art and laearning but lesser than Sultan Mahmood of Ghazna. The celebrated philosopher and savant Fakhruddin Razi and the famous classical poet Nizami Uruzi adorned the Ghorid court. Sultan Mahmood built "Celestial Bride" and Jam-i-Masjid of Ghazni. He had a library a museum and many other buildings.

5-CONCLUSION:
Both Sultan Muhammad Ghori and Mahmood Ghaznavi had great and rare qualities of head and heart. As Ghori was a steady builder and master of art of selecting the best man for the job, Ghaznavi as a general is rated as one of the greatest generals of Muslim History. But the contribution of Sultan Muhammad Ghori towards establishing Muslim rule in Indo Pakistan region is something that has had far reaching results and all the muslims of Indo Pak region owe him very much in this respect.

[islamabadian786]

aoa:
i hav submitted my notes which i hav made from more than a couple of books, and hope that i will be given access to study forum 2008(time is already short) so that not only i can benefit from others but also other members can benefit from my personal notes. Thanx
Allah Hafiz

[Bhalla Changa]

I am unaware of the new tasks assigned, in order to access Study Forum, after looking at your efforts, I too want to share some notes on history, is it still open?
do past posts carry some marks for qualifying to this?
another thing that after becoming a part do we have to regularly contribute to the forum?
honestly, being busy with a job and upcoming CSS (after the working hours) I may not be able to do much till the exams and would only get benefit of important topics from the forum, can i still try?

[islamabadian786]

aoa:
regarding ur query, its is always open to submit the content. but i dont know whether previous contributions are considered in this respect or not. Plz refer to the topic, post #8 in "Topics to work on" in Gateway area for desired topics to work on. and u r welcome if u need any help.
best of luck,
Allah Hafiz.

[bright star]

hi to all plz tell me how can i have an access to gateway.

[Muhammad T S Awan]

@ islamabadian786

brother your efforts are appreciated, plz have a look at :

http://www.cssforum.com.pk/central-s...ghlight=ghazni

[Surmount]

Originally Posted by bright star

hi to all plz tell me how can i have an access to gateway.

You need to prepare some notes about the Subjects (Compulsory/Optional) and would have to post 'em in the Forum, and if you are found as a serious aspirant, the gate would be open for you. Are you planing to appear in 2008-9? If so then you would must have started studying already, you need to just prepare the notes and post them.

Simple



Regards
Surmount

[Sureshlasi]

Firstly I must appreciate your work but it doesn`t meet to the criteria of SF. Only highly competitive and contributive members are eligible to get entry into the Study Forum. Consequently you have to submit your own created piece of work which is not filched by any other source. So that we can scrutinize your strength and weakness.

You`re requested to prepare an essay or few paragraphs regarding any topic.

Your co-operation will be appreciated.

Take care,

Allah Nagheban,

[Mumtaz Hayat Maneka]

@islamabadian.....

you have produced a good answer to this question and i think this question may appear next year in the paper.
But inorder to get good marks in your paper try to be more analytical and give view points of note worthy authors like Lanepoole,S.M.Ikram,Ishwari Parsad,Gibbon etc.By adding quotations in one's answer one can give a very good impression and it makes the answer more worthwile.
Secondly Mehmood has been criticised by many that he was not much an empire builder and he just came here to plunder etc there are divergent opinions about that.
On the other hand M.Ghauri was an empire builder.He established the first full fledged Muslim Kingdom which was inherited by Qutbudin Aibek after him.You should incorporate these points in your answer.....

Regards.