Prophet and Caliphs
From the birth of the Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him) to 632 A.D.
570 The birth of the Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him).
591 Khosrau II became the king of the Sassanids.
595 The Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him) married for the first time.
610 Heraclius in Constantinople.
The Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him) heard the Divine call to "recite" lines from the Holy Qur'an.
614 Jerusalem was conquered by the Sassanids.
622 The Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him) and his disciples emigrated to the city of Yathrib (now it is Medina in the Arabian Peninsula).
The beginning of the Islamic era, the hegira.
626 Constantinople was besieged by the Sassanids, the slavs and the Avars.
627 Herclius took Ctesiphon.
629 The last pilgrimage of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) to the city of Mekka.
632 The Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) died in the city of Medina.
The Ummayads
From the Caliphs in Medina to the Ummayads Dynasty in Damascus
632 - 634 The Caliph named Abu Bakr succeeded the Prophet Muhammad ( Peace Be Upon Him).
634 - 644 The Caliph Omar Ibn El-Khattab succeeded Abu Bakr in Medina.
634 The beginning of Arab Expansion:
conquest of Palestine and Syria.
635 The Arabs cross the Euphrates.
640 Capture of Egypt.
641 Capture of Nineveh and Armenia.
642 The Arab expansion reached Persia.
644 - 656 The Caliph Othman Ibn Affan succeeded Omar Ibn Al-Khattab.
644 Capture of Persia.
647 Capture of Tripolitania.
656 The Caliph Othman Ibn Affan was assassinated; Ali Ibn Abi Talib named Caliph.
660 Muawieyah Ibn Abi Sufyan (the founder of the the Umayyads dynasty) was Caliph in Damascus.
661 Ali Ibn Abi Talib was assassinated.
670 Annexation of Tunisia.
671 The Oxus is crossed.
673 - 678 First attempt to capture Constantinople.
680 - 683 Caliphate of Yazid Ibn Muawieyah.
680 Al-Husayn Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib was assassinated in Kerbela, Iraq.
683 - 693 The uprise of anti-caliphate in Mekka.
685 - 705 The Caliph Abd-Al-Malik Ibn Marwan came to power in Damascus.
683 - 693 Ka'ba at Mekka (al-Haaram el-Makki al-Sharif) was burned.
The anti-caliph uprise was brought to an end.
705 - 715 El-Waleed Ibn Abd-Al-Malik named Caliph in Damascus.
714 The submission of Al-Andalus (Spain).
742 - 743 Hisham Ibn Al-Hakam succeeded El-Waleed Ibn Abd-Al-Malik in Damascus.
744 Yazid III named Caliph in Damascus.
750 - 750 Marwan II named Caliph.
Alid insurrections in Khurasan.
750 The defeat of Marwan II; the end of the Ummayyad Caliphate in Damascus.
The Ummayad Dynasty in Al-Andalus
711 The Berbers and the Arabs in Al-Andalus.
712 Capture of Toledo.
714 Abd El-Aziz became governor of Al-Andalus.
755 - 788 Abdul-Rahman I, Ummayads Emir in Cordoba.
788 - 796 Hisham succeeded Abdul-Rahman as Emir in Cordoba.
796 - 822 Al-Hakam succeeded Hisham as Emir in Cordoba.
822 - 852 Abdul-Rahman II, Emir in Cordoba.
912 - 961 Abdul-Rahman III, proclaimed himself as Caliph of Al-Andalus in Cordoba in 929 AD.
961 - 976 Al-Hakam II, Caliph in Cordoba.
976 - 1009 Hisham II, Caliph in Cordoba;
Decline of Arab power in Al-Andalus.
1031 The Ummayds Caliphate came to an end in Cordoba
The Abbasids
The Great Abbasids Dynasty in Baghdad
750 - 945 The rise of the Great Abbasids dynasty.
750 - 754 Abu al-Abbas Al-Saffah named Caliph in Kufa.
754 - 775 Abu Ja'far al-Mansour became Caliph in Baghdad.
786 - 809 Harun al-Rashid succeeded Abu Ja'far al-Mansour in Baghdad.
800 De facto emancipation of Ifriqiya .
813 - 833 Al-Mamun became Caliph.
813 - 817 The Caliph Al-Mamun took up residence in Merv.
830 Khurasan of the Tahirids proclaimed its independence.
833 - 842 Al-Mutasim, Caliph in Samarra.
847 - 861 Al-Mutawakkil succeeded Al-Mutasim in Samarra.
868 Ibn Tulun proclaimed Egypt as an independent country.
870 - 892 Al-Mutamid, Caliph in Samarra, later transferred the capital of the Abbasids to Baghdad.
908 - 932 Al-Muktadir, Caliph in Baghdad.
945 - 1031 The Caliphs under the tutelage of the Buyid Emirs.
The Last Abbasids Dynasty in Baghdad
945 - 1055 The Buyid Emirs put the Caliph under tutelage.
946 - 974 Al-Mutil Caliph in Baghdad.
1055 The Seljuks took over Baghdad.
1094 - 1118 Al-Mustazhir became Caliph.
1180 - 1225 Al-Nasir Li Dinullah succeeded Al-Mustazhir.
1226 - 1242 Al-Mustansir named Caliph in Baghdad.
1242 - 1258 Al-Mustasim, last Caliph in Baghdad;
The Mongols conquered Baghdad and executed the Caliph.
Tulunid and Fatimid
Tulunid and Fatimid Dynasties in Egypt
868 Ahmed Ibn Tulun, the founder of the state of Tulunids, named Caliph in Egypt.
868 - 905 The rise of the Tulunid dynasty in Egypt.
953 - 975 Al-Muizz, Fatimid Caliph.
969 The rise of the state of Fatimids in Egypt.
970 The expansion of the Fatimid state to include Damascus.
973 Cairo became the capital of Fatimid Caliphate.
975 - 996 Al-Aziz, Fatimid Caliph in Cairo.
996 - 1021 Al-Hakim succeeded Al-Aziz in Cairo.
1009 Destruction of the Holy Sepulcher.
1021 - 1036 Al-Zahir, Fatimid Caliph.
1036 - 1094 Al-Mustansir Bi-Llah, Fatimid Caliph.
1171 - 1193 Salah Ed-Din Al-Ayyubi became Sultan of Egypt and Syria.
1171 - 1250 The rise of the Ayybid dynasty.
Seljuks and Ayyubids
Seljuk and Ayyubid Dynasties in Syria
1078 The rise of the Seljuks dynasty in Damascus.
1079 The Seljuks expanded their dynasty to include Jerusalem.
1099 The Crusaders subjugated Jerusalem.
1169 - 1250 The rise of the Ayyubids dynasty in Syria and Egypt.
1171 Salah Ed-Din Al-Ayyubi, Sultan.
1187 The Crusaders were defeated at the battle of Hattin.
1191 The Crusaders occupied St. John of Acre.
1196 Malik Al-Adil reinstated Muslim authority in Jerusalem.
1204 The Arabs took over Jerusalem.
1229 - 1244 Treaty of Jaffa; Jerusalem returned to Fredrick II.
Ifriqiya and Sicily
Ifriqiya and Sicily
647 Arab knights reached Ifriqiya (Tunisia).
670 Annexation of Ifriqiya.
The city of Kairouan was founded.
682 The Arabs were defeated in Biskra.
698 Expedition of Carthage by the Umayyads.
702 Defeat of Al-Kahina,
Berber resistance ended.
745 The Kharijites in Kairouan.
800 - 812 Ibrahim Ibn al-Aghlab established the state of the Aghlabids and declared independence from the Abbasids in Baghdad.
817 - 838 Ziyadat Allah I, Aghlabid's Emir in Ifriqiya.
827 The Aghlabids conquered Sicily.
909 - 934 Al-Mahdi (UbaidAllah) spread the Fatimid doctrine (Shiism).
910 Fatimid Caliphs expanded their Dynasty to include Ifriqiya.
953 - 975 The Fatimid Caliph Al-Muizz transferred the capital from Kairouan to Cairo.
972 - 973 Debilitation of the Fatimid dynasty.
Almoravid and Almohad
Almoravid and Almohad Dynasties in Maghreb
1036 - 1147 The rise of Almoravid dynasty.
1061 - 1106 Yusuf Ibn Tashfin, sovereign in Marrakech.
1086 Almoravids expanded their dynasty to include Al-Andalus.
1107 - 1143 Ali Ibn Yusuf succeeded Yusuf Ibn Tashfin in Ifriqiya.
1121 - 1128 Muhammad Ibn Tumart al-Mahdi, founder of the Almohad doctrine, established the state of Almohad.
1128 - 1163 Abd al-Mumin succeeded Muhammad Ibn Tumart al-Mahdi in Ifriqiya.
1143 - 1147 Tashufin Ibn Ali, last of the Almoravids.
1163 - 1184 Abu Yaqub Yusuf became Caliph for Almohads.
1184 - 1199 Abu Yaqub Yaqub al-Mansour succeeded Abu Yaqub Yusuf.
1269 Marrakech was conquered by the Merinids.
Almoravid and Almohad Dynasties in Al-Andalus
1031 - 1091 The "Reyes de Taifas."W
1046 - 1081 Ahmad Ibn Sulaiman al-Muktadir, Caliph in Saragossa.
1070 - 1146 Almoravids reinstated Muslim authority in Al-Andalus.
1147 Almohads maintained Muslim authority in Al-Andalus.
1184 - 1199 Abu Yaqub Yusuf named Caliph in Seville.
1181 - 1213 Abu Abdullah Muhammad conquered the Balearics.
1212 Abu Abdullah Muhammad was defeated at the battle of Navasin Tolosa.
The Mughals
The Dynasty of the great Mughals in India
1526 - 1530 Babur's victory at Panipat in 1526 established the Mughal Empire and ended the reign of the Delhi Sultanate.
The rise of the great Mughal dynasty in India
1530 - 1556 Humayun succeeded his father Babur and became an emperor in India.
Humayun was defeated and dislodged by insurrections of nobles from the old Lodi regime. In 1540, the Mughal domain came under the control of one of those nobles, Farid Khan Sur, who assumed the regional name of Shir Shah Sur.
Humayun died unexpectedly at the age of 48 when he fell down the steps of his library in his haste to obey the muezzin's call to prayer.
1556 - 1605 Akbar, the most sophisticated Mughal commander and leader, was only 14 years of age when he succeeded his father Humayun.
1605 - 1627 Jahangir succeeded his father , Akbar.
1628 - 1658 Prince Khurram was 35 years old when he ascended the throne as Shah Jahan (King of the World).
1659 - 1707 In the summer of 1659, Aurangzeb held a coronation durbar in the Red Fort where he assumed the title of Alamgir (World Conqueror). After a bitter struggle with his three brothers, Aurangzeb was the victor who took the throne.
1857 Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, was deposed in 1858; India was brought under the direct rule of the British Crown.
The end of the Mughal Empire.
__________________
Never give someone "all your love"--Save it for the Lord Above.
Last edited by Zirwaan Khan; Friday, March 06, 2009 at 11:11 PM.
|