Partial Solution
PART – I (MCQs)
(COMPULSORY)
Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the Answer Sheet: (50)
(1) Person with following blood group are considered to be universal recipient.
a. A+
b. B+
c. AB+
d. O+
e. None of these
The AB+ group is considered to be universal recipient
(2) Study of life in outer space is known as:
a. Endobiology
b. Exobiology
c. Enterobiology
d. Neobiology
e. Micro biology
(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:
a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
c. Sodium Chloride
d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these
(4) Sensitive layer of the eye is:
a. Choriods
b. Sclerotic
c. Retina
d. Cornea
e. None of these
(5) Laughing gas has chemical composition of following two elements.
a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b. Nitrogen + Carbon
c. Nitrogen + Oxygen
d. Oxygen + Carbon
e. None of these
(6) Dr. Abdus Salam of Pakistan was one of the contributors of the unification of:
a. Electromagnetic force and gravitational force
b. Electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force
c. Gravitational force and weak nuclear force
d. Weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force
e. None of these
(7) Which triplet in DNA codes for valine:
a. CTT
b. AGU
c. CAT
d. AAT
e. None of these
(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?
a. Zero
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these
(9) Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism:
a. Over production
b. Natural selection
c. Inheritance for acquired characters
d. Competition for survival
e. None of these
(10) Role of biotechnology in the production of food based on:
a. Decomposition
b. Respiration
c. Digestion
d. Fermentation
e. None of these
(11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:
a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
c. Injection of heroine
d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these
(12) Founder of modern astronomy was:
a. Archimedes
b. William Gilbert
c. Nicolas Copernicus
d. Michael Faraday
e. None of these
(13) The instrument which measures very high temperature is:
a. Manometer
b. Thermostat
c. Chronometer
d. Pyrometer
e. None of these
(14) The science which deals with study of manners and customs of people is:
a. Ethnology (branch of anthropology)
b. Morphology
c. Ethics
d. Genetics
e. None of these
(15) Chemical used to kill rats and mice are:
a. Insecticides
b. Rodenticides
c. Fungicides
d. Herbicides
e. None of these
(16) Dry ice is:
a. Methane hydrate
b. Liquid Nitrogen
c. Solid Carbon dioxide
d. Frozen Water
e. None of these
(17) Chemical name of vinegar is:
a. Sodium Nitrate
b. Dilute acetic acid
c. Chloride of lime
d. Calcium
e. None of these
(18) Defeciency of following vitamin decreases hemoglobin production:
a. Biotin
b. Thiamine
c. Niacin
d. Pyridoxine (known as Vitamin B6, causes anemia i.e. deficiency of hemoglobin)
e. None of these
(19) Hygrometer is used for measuring the:
a. Speed of sound
b. Density of milk
c. Humidity of air
d. Specific gravity of liquids
e. None of these
(20) Bronze is an alloy of:
a. Copper and Zinc
b. Tin and Zinc
c. Copper and Tin
d. Iron and Zinc
e. None of these
(21) Which of the following is most elastic ?
a. Steel
b. Rubber
c. Glass
d. Sponge
e. None of these
(22) Orbital period of the planet Mercury around the sun is:
a. 88 days
b. 365 days
c. 2 years
d. 98 days
e. None of these
(23) The most splendid and the most magnificient constellation on the sky is:
a. Orion
b. Columbia
c. Canis Major
d. Taurus
e. None of these
(24) “Black holes” refer to:
a. Hole occurring in heavenly bodies
b. Bright spots on the sun
c. Collapsing objects of high density
d. Collapsing of low density
e. None of these
(25) Eugenics is the study of:
a. Altering human beings by changing their genetic components (close to the actual definition)
b. People of European region
c. Different races of mankind
d. Genetic of plants
e. None of these
Eugenics: study of the possibility of racial improvement through selective breeding and other methods
(26) The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called:
a. Aphelion
b. Perihelion
c. Perigee
d. Apogee
e. None of these
(27) Diamond is a very expensive ornament. It is composed of a single element:
a. Carbon
b. Gold
c. Silver
d. Platinum
e. None of these
(28) Which of the following layers make radio transmission possible?
a. Troposphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these
(29) Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun?
a. Size of the earth in relation to that of moon
b. Orbit of moon around earth
c. Direction of rotation of earth around sun
d. Area of the sun covered by the moon
e. None of these
(30) Television signals are converted into light signals by:
a. Optical fiber
b. Transistor
c. Decoder
d. Photo diode
e. None of these
(31) Where do most of Asteroids lie?
a. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
b. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Venus
c. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Venus
d. Everywhere in the sky
e. None of these
(32) The number of spark plugs needed in a diesel engine is:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 0
d. 4
e. None of these
(33) The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long it take to reduce it from 10 mg to 5 mg?
a. 4 days
b. 12 days
c. 16 days
d. 8 days
e. None of these
(34) The term ‘Blue Shift’ is used to indicate:
a. Doppler effect in which an object appears bluer when it is moving towards the observer or observer is moving towards the object.
b. Turning a star from white to blue
c. In future sun would become blue
d. Black hole was blue at its start
e. None of these
The opposite is the famous red shift which indicated the universe is expanding away from us.
(35) Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:
a. Power
b. Electric Current
c. Energy
d. Time
e. None of these
(36) Fuel used in a Fast Breeder Reactor is:
a. Uranium Oxide
b. Uranium Plutonium carbide
c. Uranium Plutonium Oxide
d. Uranium thorium Oxide
e. None of these
FBRs usually use a mixed oxide fuel core of up to 20% plutonium dioxide (PuO2) and at least 80% uranium dioxide (UO2).
(37) Monsoon is caused by:
a. Seasonal reversal of winds
b. Revolution of earth
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests
(38) Which of the following atmospheric layers help in radio communication?
a. Exosphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Troposphere
d. Stratosphere
e. Ozone layer
(39) A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to:
a. Accelerate the neutrons
b. Slow down the speed of the neutrons
c. Increase the number of elections
d. Decrease the number of electrons
e. None of these
(40) Sedimentary rocks are:
a. Porous
b. Hard
c. Rough
d. Brittle
e. Volcanic
(41) Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?
a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
c. Gypsum
d. Bauxite
e. None of these
(42) Ozone layer prevents the following radiation from entering the atmosphere:
a. Infra-red
b. Ultraviolet
c. X-rays
d. Gamma rays
e. None of these
(43) The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is due to radiations from:
a. Ionosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these
Radiations are originally from Magnetosphere which collide with the atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere,however, Aurora Borealis occurs in the ionosphere
(44) Yeast is used in making bread because it produces:
a. Carbon dioxide (not sure if this is the reason but yeast does produce carbon dioxide)
b. Sugar
c. Bacteria
d. Oxygen
e. None of these
(45) Oasis is associated with:
a. Glaciers
b. Desert
c. Islands or Last Island
d. Volcanoes
e. Fertile land
(46) Quartz crystal in quartz watches work on the principle called:
a. Photoelectric effect
b. Stark effect
c. Thermionic effect
d. Piezo-electric effect
e. None of these
Piezo-electric effect
electric polarization produced in certain crystals by the application of mechanical stress.
(47) The fruits without seed, like banana, are called:
a. seedless fruits
b. parthenogenesis fruits
c. parthenocarpic fruits
d. placental fruits
e. Organic fruits
parthenocarpy (literally meaning virgin fruit) is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules. The fruit is therefore seedless
(48) Animal which captures and readily kills living animals for its food is called:
a. Parasite
b. Scavenger
c.
Predator – not our moderator
d. Mammal
e. None of these
(49) In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap tin between them because:
a. Steel can be saved
b. Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
c. Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
d. Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided
e. All of these
(50) Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine:
a. Al-Qanoon
b. Al-Masudi
c. New Renaissance
d. Tadhkira
e. None of these (I think it was "The Canon of Medicine")
PART – II (Subjective)
Q.3. Differentiate between ANY FIVE of the following pairs. (2x5)
(a) Umbra and Penumbra
Umbra - area of the shadow of an eclipse, dark center of a sunspot
Penumbra - partly lighted area around any shadow
(b) Heavy water and hard water
Heavy Water - water with a higher average molecular weight than ordinary water, water used for cooling the core of an atomic reactor
Hard Water - water containing a high concentration of minerals and calcium
(c) Smog and Smoke
Smog - mixture of smoke and fog
Smoke - visible vapor given off by burning material;
(d) Myopia and Hypropia
Myopia - nearsightedness, condition of the eyes in which objects that are far away cannot be seen clearly (Ophthalmology); lack of insight and forethought
Hyperopia - far-sightedness, ability to see distant objects more clearly than near ones
(e) Lava and Magma
Lava - molten rock expelled from a volcano; solidified volcanic rock
Magma - molten rock beneath the earth's crust from which igneous rocks are formed (Geology)
(f) Periscope and perimeter
Periscope - optical scope that allows one to see objects that are located above one's line of sight
perimeter - outer boundary of a figure or area; total length of the outer boundary
(g) X-rays and Gamma rays
X-Rays - High energy electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths in the range 10 to 0.1 nanometres. X-rays are extra-nuclear and have two sources: (1). A characteristic (e.g.K- or L-) X-ray photon is created and emitted when an electron drops down orbits to fill a vacancy in an innermost shell.
2). A bremsstrahlung photon is produced when a high speed positive or negative electron decelerates when passing through the electric field in the close vicinity of an atomic nucleus
Gamma Rays - The wavelength of gamma rays is typically less than 10-12 metres. They differ from X-rays in that they originate in the nucleus of atoms. A gamma ray is a photon, i.e. a discrete packet of many waves
Q.4. Sun is glorious star in our sky. Write down its characteristics with reference to the following date:
(a) Distance from earth
149,600,000 kilometers, or 92,960,000 miles
(b) Mean distance from center of galaxy
26,000 light-years
(c) Velocity around centre of galaxy
251 km/s
(d) Revolution period around centre of galaxy
225–250 million years (one Galactic year).
(e) Equatorial diameter
6.955 × 10 power 8 m
This is the equatorial radius, the diameter wud be the double of that
(f) Rotation period at the equator
25.05 days
(g) Core temperature
15.7 × 10 power 6 K
(h) Solar wind
A steady stream of charged particles that boil off the sun's outer atmosphere and which stream away along magnetic field lines which lead into the interplanetary medium. It is composed of charged particles such as protons , electrons and helium nuclei.
(i) The lovely Diamond Ring effect
large gush of light that shows up a few seconds before and after totality during a solar eclipse (caused by the last bit of sunlight that shines through valleys on the edge of the moon);
(j) Future of sun
The Sun does not have enough mass to explode as a supernova. Instead, in about 5 billion years, it will enter a red giant phase, its outer layers expanding as the hydrogen fuel in the core is consumed and the core contracts and heats up. Helium fusion will begin when the core temperature reaches around 100 million kelvins and will produce carbon, entering the asymptotic giant branch phase
Q.5. Write briefly (not more than three to four senetences) about ANY FIVE of the following: (2x5)
(a)Allotropy
existence of a chemical element in two or more different forms
For example, the element carbon has two common allotropes: diamond, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in a tetrahedral lattice arrangement, and graphite, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in sheets of a hexagonal lattice.
(b) Nebula
an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma. It is the first stage of a star's cycle. Originally
nebula was a general name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way (some examples of the older usage survive; for example, the Andromeda Galaxy was referred to as the
Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble). Nebulae often form star-forming regions, such as in the Eagle Nebula
(c) Enrichment of Uranium
Enrichment of Uranium corresponds to percent composition of uranium-235 being increased through the process of isotope separation.
Natural uranium is 99.284% U-238 isotope, with U-235 only constituting about 0.711 % of its weight. However, U-235 is the only isotope existing in nature (in any appreciable amount) that is fissionable by thermal neutrons.
(d) Aqua Regia
Aqua regia (Latin for "royal water") is a highly corrosive, fuming yellow or red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, usually in a volumetric ratio of one to three respectively. It is one of the few reagents that dissolves gold and platinum. It was so named because it can dissolve the so-called royal, or noble metals, although tantalum, iridium, and a few other metals are able to withstand it.
(e) Greenhouse effect
The effect produced as greenhouse gases allow incoming solar radiation to pass through the Earth's atmosphere, but prevent part of the outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere from escaping into outer space. This process occurs naturally and has kept the Earth's temperature about 59 degrees F warmer than it would otherwise be. Current life on Earth could not be sustained without the natural greenhouse effect.
(f) Igneous rocks
rocks formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either the Earth's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of the following processes — an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them formed beneath the surface of the Earth's crust.
Q.6.(b) What do the following abbreviations stand for? (1/2 each)
i. SONAR
SOund
NAvigation and
Ranging
ii. CNS
Central Nervous System
iii. PTFE
polytetrafluoroethylene.
iv. LDL
low-density lipoprotein.
v. SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
vi. GUT
Grand unified theory
vii. BASIC
Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
viii. BTU
British Thermal Unit
Q.7 (b) Define the following: (1 each)
(a) Amphibion
cold-blooded vertebrate animal able to live both on land and water
(b) Synchronous satellite
A satellite in a synchronous orbit
A synchronous orbit is one in which an orbiting object has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited.
(c) Big Dipper
group of seven stars (in the constellation Ursa Major)
(d) Fermentation
chemical conversion of organic compounds by means of enzymes; agitation, unrest
(e) Millennium Bug
an inability in older computing software to deal correctly with dates of 1 January 2000 or later.
Q.8. (a) Define RECEPTORS in man. Name different receptor organs in human body. Also discuss ANY TWO of them briefly.
I think it is about sensory receptors
In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a sensory nerve ending that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism.
Following are the different sensory receptors
- Ampullae of Lorenzini respond to electric fields, salinity, and to temperature, but function primarily as electroreceptors
- Baroreceptors respond to pressure
- Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli
- Hydroreceptors respond to changes in humidity
- Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stress or mechanical strain
- Nociceptors respond to damage to body tissues leading to pain perception
- Osmoreceptors respond to the osmolarity of fluids (such as in the hypothalamus)
- Photoreceptors respond to light
- Proprioceptors provide the sense of position
- Thermoreceptors respond to temperature, either heat, cold or both
- Electromagnetic Receptors's respond to electromagnetic waves
(b). Give Scientific reasons of the following: (1 each)
i. The dogs pant, the birds open their mouth and the elephants move rapidly their ears.
I think all of these do not sweat, they use the above mentioned mechanisms to cool themselves
ii. The manholes covers are generally round.
It is impossible to drop a round lid into a smaller round hole.
It is because round is the only shape that if turned or flipped over, it still retains the same length across its center. If you used a square, rectangle, triangle, hexagon or any other shaped lid, it could be rotated and fall into the hole.
Other reasons
A round cover can be moved by rolling it on its edge.
A round cover contains less metal than a same-sized cover of any other shape.
iii. A geostationary satellite appears standstill to a viewer on the equator of earth.
Because these satellites are in the geosynchronous orbit (an orbit around the Earth with an orbital period matching the Earth's sidereal rotation period)
Geostationary orbit is a type of geosynchronous orbit that is directly above the equator
iv. We never see birds urinating.
Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and uric acid is excreted along with feces as a semisolid waste
v. Pasteurized milk has more noureishment than the ordinary boild milk.
??
Please Note
I have only attempted questions with more of an objective nature
Most of the objectives that I have attempted are straight from memory and thus there may be some errors
Various sources have been used in the subjective part of the solution
Corrections are more than welcomed
