Albania
1478 part of Ottoman Empire
28 Nov 1912 independence
7 Mar 1914 Albanian Principality
31 Jan 1925 Albanian Republic (proclaimed 22 Jan 1925)
1 Sep 1928 Albanian Kingdom
7 Apr 1939 invaded by Italy; personal union with Italy to 1943
11 Jan 1946 People's Republic of Albania
28 Dec 1976 Socialist People's Republic of Albania
30 Apr 1991 Republic of Albania
First secretaries of the Albanian (Communist) Party of Labour
Nov 1948 - 11 Apr 1985 Enver Hoxha (b. 1908 - d. 1985)
11 Apr 1985 - 13 Apr 1985 Vangjel Ēėrrava (b. 1941)
+ Lenka Ēuko (f) (b. 1938)
+ Simon Stefani (b. 1929)
(secretaries)
13 Apr 1985 - 4 May 1991 Ramiz Alia (b. 1925)
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Chairman of the National Assembly
28 Nov 1912 - 29 Nov 1912 Ismail Qemali Bej (b. 1844 - d. 1919)
Chairman of the Provisional Government
29 Nov 1912 - 22 Jan 1914 Ismail Qemali Bej (s.a.)
12 Oct 1913 - 12 Feb 1914 Esat Pashė Toptani (b. 1863 - d. 1920)
(chairman Council of Elders of Central Albania,
in opposition in Durrės)
Chairman of the Central Government
22 Jan 1914 - 7 Mar 1914 Fejzi Bej Alizoti (b. 1876 - d. 1945)
Sovereign Prince
7 Mar 1914 - 3 Sep 1914 Wilhelm zu Wied (b. 1876 - d. 1945)
Chairman of the Administrative Commission
3 Sep 1914 - Sep 1914 Qamil Musa Haxhi Feza
Chairman of the General Council
Sep 1914 - 5 Oct 1914 Mustafa Bej Ndroqi
Chairmen of the Provisional Government
5 Oct 1914 - 24 Feb 1916 Esat Pashė Toptani (s.a.)
24 Feb 1916 - 28 Dec 1918 no national government
28 Dec 1918 - 28 Jan 1920 Turhan Pashė Permeti (b. 1839? - d. 1927)
Chairman of the National Government
28 Jan 1920 - 30 Jan 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina (b. 1882 - d. 1932)
30 Jan 1920 - 25 Dec 1921 High Council
- Aqif Pashė Biēaku (b. 18... - d. 1926)
(to 22 Dec 1921)
- Luigj Bumēi (b. 1872 - d. 1945)
(to 22 Dec 1921)
- Abdi Bej Toptani (b. 1864 - d. 1942)
- Mihal Turtulli
25 Dec 1921 - 31 Jan 1925 High Council
- Omer Pashė Vrioni
(to 22 Jan 1922)
- Ndoc Pistulli
(to 22 Jan 1922)
- Sotir Peci (b. 1873 - d. 1932)
- Refik Bej Toptani
- Xhafer Ypi (b. 1880 - d. 1940)
(from 2 Dec 1922)
- Gjon Ēoba
(from 2 Dec 1922)
2 Jul 1924 - 24 Dec 1924 Fan Noli (b. 1882 - d. 1965)
(acting for High Council)
President
31 Jan 1925 - 1 Sep 1928 Amet Zogu (b. 1895 - d. 1961)
Kings (title Mbret i Shqiptarėve; 1939-43 Mbret i Shqipėrisė)
1 Sep 1928 - 8 Apr 1939 Zog I (s.a.)
9 Apr 1939 - 12 Apr 1939 Xhafer Ypi (s.a.)
(chairman Provisional Administration Committee)
12 Apr 1939 - 16 Apr 1939 Shefqet Bej Vėrlaci (b. 1877 - d. 1946)
(acting head of state)
16 Apr 1939 - 3 Sep 1943 Vittorio Emanuele III (b. 1869 - d. 1947)
Lieutenants-general, representing Vittorio Emanuele III:
22 Apr 1939 -Mar 1943 Francesco Jacomoni di San Savino(b. 1894 - d.1973)
Mar 1943 - Sep 1943 Alberto Pariani (b. 1876 - d. 1955)
14 Sep 1943 - 20 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Bej Biēaku
(chairman Provisional Executive Committee)
20 Oct 1943 - 25 Oct 1944 Mehdi Bej Frashėri (b. 1872 - d. 1963)
(chairman High Council of Regency)
Chairmen of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
26 May 1944 - 1 Aug 1953 Omer Nishani (b. 1887 - d. 1954)
(chairman Presidium of Anti-Fascist Council of National
Liberation to 12 Jan 1946; chairman Presidium of
Constituent Assembly 12 Jan - 14 Mar 1946)
1 Aug 1953 - 22 Nov 1982 Haxhi Lleshi (b. 1913 - d. 1998)
22 Nov 1982 - 30 Apr 1991 Ramiz Alia (s.a.)
Presidents
30 Apr 1991 - 3 Apr 1992 Ramiz Alia (s.a.)
3 Apr 1992 - 6 Apr 1992 Kastriot Islami (acting) (b. 1952)
6 Apr 1992 - 9 Apr 1992 Pjetėr Arbnori (acting) (b. 1935 - d. 2006)
9 Apr 1992 - 24 Jul 1997 Sali Berisha (b. 1944)
24 Jul 1997 (hours) Skėnder Gjinushi (acting) (b. 1949)
24 Jul 1997 - 24 Jul 2002 Rexhep Meidani (b. 1944)
24 Jul 2002 - 24 Jul 2007 Alfred Moisiu (b. 1929)
24 Jul 2007 - Bamir Topi (b. 1957)
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Prime ministers
27 Mar 1920 - 14 Nov 1920 Sulejman Bej Delvina (s.a.)
10 Dec 1920 - 19 Oct 1921 Ilias Bej Vrioni (1st time) (b. 18... - d. 1932)
19 Oct 1921 - 6 Dec 1921 Pandeli Evangjeli (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. af.1939)
7 Dec 1921 - 12 Dec 1921 Hasan Bej Pristina (b. 1873 - d. 1933)
12 Dec 1921 - 30 Dec 1921 Idhomene Kosturi (b. 1873 - d. 1943)
30 Dec 1921 - 4 Dec 1922 Xhafer Ypi (s.a.)
4 Dec 1922 - 5 Mar 1924 Amet Zogu (1st time) (s.a.)
5 Mar 1924 - 2 Jun 1924 Shefqet Bej Vėrlaci (1st time) (s.a.)
2 Jun 1924 - 16 Jun 1924 Ilias Bej Vrioni (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Jun 1924 - 26 Dec 1924 Fan Noli (s.a.)
26 Dec 1924 - 6 Jan 1925 Ilias Bej Vrioni (3rd time) (s.a.)
6 Jan 1925 - 30 Jan 1925 Amet Zogu (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Sep 1928 - 5 Mar 1930 Koēo Kota (1st time) (b. 1889 - d. 1947)
5 Mar 1930 - 22 Oct 1935 Pandeli Evangjeli (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Oct 1935 - 9 Nov 1936 Mehdi Bej Frashėri (1st time) (s.a.)
9 Nov 1936 - 8 Apr 1939 Koēo Kota (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Apr 1939 - 4 Dec 1941 Shefqet Bej Vėrlaci (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Dec 1941 - 19 Jan 1943 Mustafa Merlika-Kruja (b. 1887 - d. 1958)
19 Jan 1943 - 13 Feb 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1948)
13 Feb 1943 - 12 May 1943 Maliq Bushati
12 May 1943 - 9 Sep 1943 Eqrem Bej Libohova (2nd time) (s.a.)
25 Sep 1943 - 24 Oct 1943 Ibrahim Bej Biēaku
24 Oct 1943 - 3 Nov 1943 Mehdi Bej Frashėri (2nd time) (s.a.)
4 Nov 1943 - 18 Jul 1944 Rexhep Mitrovica (b. 1888 - d. 1967)
18 Jul 1944 - 26 Oct 1944 Fiqri Dine (b. ... - d. 1960)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers
1 Jan 1946 - 20 Jul 1954 Enver Hoxha (s.a.)
20 Jul 1954 - 18 Dec 1981 Mehmet Shehu (b. 1913 - d. 1981)
18 Dec 1981 - 22 Feb 1991 Adil Ēarēani (b. 1922 - d. 1997)
(acting to 15 Jan 1982)
Prime ministers
22 Feb 1991 - 5 Jun 1991 Fatos Nano (1st time) (b. 1952)
5 Jun 1991 - 10 Dec 1991 Ylli Bufi (b. 1948)
10 Dec 1991 - 13 Apr 1992 Vilson Ahmeti (b. 1951)
13 Apr 1992 - 11 Mar 1997 Aleksandėr Meksi (b. 1939)
11 Mar 1997 - 24 Jul 1997 Bashkim Fino (b. 1962)
24 Jul 1997 - 2 Oct 1998 Fatos Nano (2nd time) (s.a.)
2 Oct 1998 - 29 Oct 1999 Pandeli Majko (1st time) (b. 1967)
29 Oct 1999 - 22 Feb 2002 Ilir Meta (b. 1969)
22 Feb 2002 - 31 Jul 2002 Pandeli Majko (2nd time) (s.a.)
31 Jul 2002 - 11 Sep 2005 Fatos Nano (3rd time) (s.a.)
11 Sep 2005 - Sali Berisha (s.a.)