1)The Nobel Prize is an international award given annually as per Alfred Nobel’s ( Swedish industrialist and inventor) last will. It is awarded for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Literature , Medicine / Physiology , Peace and Economic Sciences.


2)The award consists of a prize amount ( 10 Million Swedish Kronor ) , a gold medal and a diploma.


3)Each award can be given to a maximum of three recipients per year.If there are two winners in one category, the award money is split equally between them. If there are three winners, the awarding committee has the option of splitting the prize money equally among all three, or awarding half of the prize money to one recipient and one-quarter to each of the other two.


4)The Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Medicine and Peace are being awarded since 1901 while that in Economic Sciences is being given since 1969 by the Bank of Sweden.As the Nobel Prize in Economics was not a part of Nobel’s will so it is not paid for by his money,and is technically not a Nobel Prize.


5)The prize winners are announced in October everyear.They receive their awards on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.


6)The Peace Prize is awarded annually in Oslo ( Norway ) unlike the prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economics which are awarded in Stockholm,Sweden.


7)Since 1902, the King of Sweden has formally awarded all the prizes, except the Nobel Peace Prize, in Stockholm.


8)The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901, given by the President of Norwegian Parliament until the Norwegian Nobel Committee was established in 1904.


9)758 individuals and 18 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Prize.Out of 758 individuals, 33 Nobel Prize Winners are women and 725 are men.


10)Some Laureates and organizations have been awarded more than one time:

The work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has been honored by a Nobel Peace Prize three times ( 1917,1944 & 1963). Besides, the founder of the ICRC, Henry Dunant, was awarded the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901.

UNHCR ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ) was awarded Nobel Peace Prize twice in 1954 and 1981.

Linus Pauling is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes - the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize.

John Bardeen was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics twice ; in 1956 & 1972.

Marrie Curie was awarded Nobel Prize for contribution in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911.

F. Sanger was awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958 and 1980.


11)The youngest Nobel Prize Winner , so far , is Lawrence Bragg who was 25 years old when he received the Physics Prize with his father in 1915.


12)The oldest Nobel Prize Winner , so far , is Raymond Davis Jr. who was nearly 88 years old when he was awarded the Physics Prize in 2002.


13)Two Winners who declined the Nobel Prize:

Jean Paul Sartre , awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined the prize because he had consistently declined all official honors.

Le Duc Tho was awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. They received the Prize for negotiating the Vietnam peace accord. Le Doc Tho said that he was not in a position to accept the Prize, giving as his reason the situation in Vietnam.


14)Four Winners who were forced by Authorities to decline the Nobel Prize:

Adolf Hitler forbade three German Nobel Prize Winners, Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and Gerhard Domagq, to receive the Nobel Prize. All of them could later receive the diploma and the medal, but not the prize amount.

Boris Pasternack, the 1958 Nobel Prize in Literature, accepted at first but was later caused by the authorities of his country (the Soviet Union) to decline the Prize.



Regards,
angelfalls!!