Parts of Speech are just like parts of our body. Each and every part has its own importance. In Modern Grammar, Parts of Speech are also called Word Classes. There is not a much difference between Modern Grammar and Traditional Grammar but a few headings.

SadeeM Bhai has given us very informatics and detailed lessons' links, however I would try to write from my own behalf as well, as the other members would do as well, hopefully.

Noun

Name for identifying any thing,person or place etc.

e.g

Ali is a true lover of Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) who born in Makkah

Pronoun

A single word which is used in the place/instead of Noun.

e.g.

Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) born in Makkah. He (Peace Be Upon Him) was a pious and honest person. He never told a lie to anyone.

Verb

It is The soul of the sentence. Their won't be any sentence which won't have any verb placed in. Whether in form of is/am/are/was/were or any other i.e. Like-Liked-Liked

e.g

Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is the greatest person on Earth. He was born/born in Makkah. He was a trader by profession.


Adverb

It adds some meanings to verb (Ad+Verb). It can qualify any single part of the sentence except noun. Moreover, it can be a referrer to the time. It can be identified by: Yesterday, Daily or before a adjective

He was ill Yesterday because his daily routine makes him really tired person.


Adjective

A word which qualifies a noun.

e.g

He has a black horse. The horse is super fast runner and it has a very long pony.


Preposition

A word which has no meanings of it ownself but links noun to other words.

e.g

The cat is hiding under table and my precious cup is on table.

Conjunction/Linking Word

'Conjunction' is traditional Grammarian Term and 'Linking word' is modern one. It is a word which combines two proper sentences.

e.g

Ali lives in Lahore and his father is banker in some private sector.

Now if we remove linking word, there would two proper sentences. Ali lives in Lahore. His Father is a banker.

Determiner

The articles are the determiners.

The President of our youth club is a very lazy person.

Interjection

Most of the Modern Grammarians don't include interjection in POS/WC however, Traditional do.

e.g

Hurrah!!! We won the match

P.S. If you want detailed information and headings within-the-headings, please consult the links given by Sajid Sadeem

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~Time owns each and everything~
~Useless youth if not useful for Pakistan~