Describe various methods of artificial vegetative propagation.
ANS :
1. CUTTING :
* In this method, a piece of root, stem, leaf or sometimes a bud is sown in soil which develops into a new plant.
* The piece of the plant sown in the soil develops roots downwards in the soil and aerial organs in the external environment.
* this method is useful for large scale production which is greatly economical and profitable.
* Example : sugarcane, grapes, rose, phalsa.
2. LAYERING :
* In this method, a branch of stem of a plant is bent towards the soil in such a way that some part of the branch remains inside the soil and its tip remains outside.
* The part covered by the soil develops roots.
* When this part is detached from the parent plant, it grows independently into a new daughter plant.
* Example : Lemon, guaua, hibiscus, jasmine and bougainvillaea.
* In plants like strawberry and raspberry, sometimes a branch comes into contact of the soil naturally and develops as a daughter plant after producing roots.
3. GRAFTING :
* Grafting is a method in which two parts of different plants are joined together in such a way that they unite to grow as one plant.
* A part of an adult (mature) plant is tied up with a unit of soft plant to get early flowering in the soft plant.
* The portion of the plant having roots on which grafting is performed is called 'stock'.
* The portion of the plant which is grafted on the other plant is called 'scion'.
* By this method, desirable characteristics of different plants can be combined.
* This method is very useful for plants whose seeds have long dormancy period and poor germination capacity.
* Example : On the stock of lemon, a scion of lemon or orange can be grafted. This method is widely used to increase the production of mango.
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