I think a supreme power that is above the common public in terms of status & administrative abilities is a Sovereign.
I read in western Political Thought that some philosophers like Hobbes attributed Sovereignty to One Man, and advocates of Democracy usually attribute it to the general masses.
However, as Muslims we believe the only One who has all authority over us Allah, hence He is the Supreme Authority, the Sovereign. Caliph is just His Representative on Earth to further the cause of Islam, hence he has no privileges or sovereignty, just duties as Caliphate is a TRUST, not a 'Malukiat' or Worldly Ruler ship.
I'm really confused, but the only justification I can think of on my own is that each Muslim Philosopher was loyal to his Caliph/Amir/Monarch of the time and hence they formulated unwarranted innovations to justify that rule.
A kind of ideological corruption, maybe?
