who's given deterministic or single factor theory about social change?

according to hegel assimilation is ?
a.a person not a result.
b.a person as well as a result
c.a result and not a process

age is a;
a.nominal variable
b.ordinal variable
c.interval
d.ratio
e.none of these

which theory makes us understand that group mind and individual mind are different from each other?