1. You have mentioned that it is not compulsory for women to offer EID and Juma Namaz but what I have found i am going to share with you.

Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 071. SAHIH BUKHARI
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Narated By Al-Bara' : I heard the Prophet (p.b.u.h) delivering a Khutba saying, "The first thing to be done on this day (first day of 'Id ul Adha) is to pray; and after returning from the prayer we slaughter our sacrifices (in the name of Allah) and whoever does so, he acted according to our Sunna (traditions)."

Here in this hadith Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) commanded to pray EID namz in general, means he has not particularly ordered Either male or female in fact he ordered Muslims (male and female)

Now look at these hadiths

Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 091. (SAHIH BUKHARI)
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Narated By Muhammad : Um 'Atiyya said: "Our Prophet ordered us to come out (on 'Id day) with the mature girls and the virgins staying in seclusion." Hafsa narrated the above mentioned Hadith and added, "The mature girls or virgins staying in seclusion but the menstruating women had to keep away from the Musalla."

Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 097. (SAHIH BUKHARI)
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Narated By Um-'Atiya : We were ordered to go out (for 'Id) and also to take along with us the menstruating women, mature girls and virgins staying in seclusion. (Ibn 'Aun said, "Or mature virgins staying in seclusion)." The menstruating women could present themselves at the religious gathering and invocation of Muslims but should keep away from their Musalla.

From this Hadith we came to know that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) ordered women to come out for EID SALAT and even Menstruating women to come out on EID Day even they cant pary but they can join religious gathering.


Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 088. (SAHIH BUKHARI)
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Narated By Um 'Atiya : We used to be ordered to come out on the Day of 'Id and even bring out the virgin girls from their houses and menstruating women so that they might stand behind the men and say Takbir along with them and invoke Allah along with them and hope for the blessings of that day and for purification from sins.

Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 081. (SAHIH BUKHARI)
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Narated By Ibn Abbas : The Prophet offered a two Rakat prayer on the Day of Id ul Fitr and he did not pray before or after it. Then he went towards women along with Bilal and ordered them to pay alms and so they started giving their earrings and necklaces (in charity).

this is another hadith clearly mentioning the presence of woman on EID SALAAT.



WOMEN CAN ALSO PRAY IN MOSQUE

Volumn 001, Book 012, Hadith Number 832. (SAHIH BUKHARI)
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Narated By Salim bin 'Abdullah : My father said, "The Prophet said, 'If the wife of any one of you asks permission (to go to the mosque) do not forbid her."

The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Do not prevent the female servants of Allah from going to the mosque of Allah."
[Sahih Muslim Vol.1 Chapter 177 Hadith No.886]


Even women can go to Mosque at Night

Volumn 002, Book 013, Hadith Number 022.
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Narated By Ibn Umar : The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, "Allow women to go to the Mosques at night."

Volumn 002, Book 013, Hadith Number 023. (SAHIH BUKHARI)
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Narated By Ibn Umar : One of the wives of Umar (bin Al-Khattab) used to offer the Fajr and the 'Isha' prayer in congregation in the Mosque. She was asked why she had come out for the prayer as she knew that Umar disliked it, and he has great ghaira (self-respect). She replied, "What prevents him from stopping me from this act?" The other replied, "The statement of Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) : 'Do not stop Allah's women-slave from going to Allah s Mosques' prevents him."

There is not a single verse in the Quran, which prohibits ladies from entering mosques. There is not a single authen­tic Hadith

There is only one Hadith, which perhaps could have been misunderstood to mean that women should not go to the mosque. That Hadith is as follows:

Abdullah Bin Masud reported the Prophet (pbuh) as saying: It is more excellent for a woman to pray in her house than in her courtyard, and more excellent for her to pray in her private chamber than in her house. [Sunan Abu Dawood Vol.1 Chapter 204 Hadith No.570]

If you base your conclusion only on this single Hadith, then you may wrongly conclude that it is not advisable or preferable for women to go to the mosque. However, your conclusion cannot be based only on one Hadith neglecting or ignoring all the other Ahadith. The context of the Hadith is also very important.

The Prophet (pbuh) said that if a person prays in the mosque he gets 27 times more blessings (Sawab). Some women argued that they had infants at home and other household work and therefore could not go to the mosque. Thus, the men would have a greater advantage than women for receiving such blessings. It is then that the Prophet (pbuh) said the above Hadith.

Hence, the conclusion is that in situations where women have infants and household work, which too is an important duty that cannot be neglected, women would not be deprived of the sawaab (blessings) if they pray in their own homes.

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