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Disaster Management and Government Preparedness (2011)
Outline:
What is disaster?
Introduction to Disaster Management and Government Preparedness
National Disaster Management Authority
Hierarchy of NDMA
Types of disasters
Disasters in Pakistan
Risk Factors
Disaster Preparedness Phases
Recommendations

Disaster is the sudden event bringing great loss, damage, and destruction and devastation to life and property. Disaster may have the following main features
1. Unpredictability
2. Unfamiliarity
3. Speed
4. Urgency
5. Uncertainty
6. Threat

Disaster management can be the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disaster.
The Government of Pakistan established the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) at the federal, provincial and district level. The Economic Affairs Division (EAD) is coordinating donors and the NDMA is responsible for the overall coordination of disaster response efforts by both the government and international community.

After the massive October 2005 earthquake, Government of Pakistan has established the National Disaster Management Authority. NDMA work closely with the federal ministries, government departments, the armed forces, UN agencies, and donors to mobilize, receive, and deploy relief goods. Relief activities are also being coordinated by provincial level and district-level governments.

There is no country that is immune from the disaster, although the type of disaster varies. There are four main types of disasters:
1. Natural disasters:
These disasters include floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and volcano eruption that can have immediate effects on human health and property as well as the long term effects. The floods cause landslides, earthquakes resulting in fires etc.
2. Environmental emergencies:
These emergencies include technological or industrial accidents, usually involving hazardous material, and occur where these materials are produced, used or transported, large forest fires are generally included in this definition because they tend to be caused by humans.

3. Complex emergencies:
These emergencies involved a break-down of authority, looting and attack on strategic installations. Complex emergencies include conflict situations and war.

Pakistan witnessed two mega disasters. Firstly, the earthquake in 2005. Second, the floods in 2010. The floods in Pakistan affected more than 20 million People in Pakistan. The floods of 1950, 1992 and 1998 resulted in a large number of deaths and severe loss of property valued at an estimated $1.3 billion. The other low intensity disasters which Pakistan faced are landslides, cyclones, and drought.

There are number of factors that increase vulnerability and contribute to the severity of disasters in Pakistan. These include:
 Poor structure of houses
 Weak early warning system
 Lack of awareness and education on disasters and response
 Limited cooperation between various Government disaster response agencies

Disaster Preparedness Phases:
The disaster preparedness phase include activities to develop operational capabilities and effective responses to a disaster, such as
1. Mitigation activity
2. Emergency or disaster planning
3. Training and exercises
4. Public education
Recommendations:
 There should be the proper policies and procedures on the natural disasters. Because of lack of policies, the masses have to face unavoidable damages.
 Public should be given disaster mitigation trainings in schools and colleges.
 After the relief phase, government has to give more focus on rehabilitation process. Government should establish the commission for the proper check and balance of this phase, so that the loss can be reduced.
 Government should immediately rebuild the entire infrastructure including the irrigation channels, communication systems, roads, schools, hospitals and the accommodation of Displaces persons (IDP’s).
All this process needs the comprehensive planning and policy measures.