DIFFERENCES FROM PAST PAPERS (2008)

1. Fission and fusion (see 1996)

2. Star and Planet (see 1996)

3. Pollination and Fertilization (see 1995)

4. Telescope and Microscope

Telescope and Microscope are two scientific instruments that serve their purposes differently. One of the main differences between a telescope and a microscope is that a telescope is used to view things that are far whereas a microscope is used to view things that are very near.

It is indeed true both the instruments are used to watch the minute details of the objects or things more clearly. Another important difference between telescope and microscope is that the focal length or the distance from the focal point to the lens is different in these two scientific instruments.
As a result of this the focal point in the case of a telescope may be at a far off place. On the other hand the focal point in the case of a microscope is just a fraction of an inch off.

The difference in the diameter of the lens used in the two instruments also matter a lot when it comes to the difference between them. The lens diameter or the aperture is much larger in a telescope. This is to ensure that the aperture allows tiny amount of natural light at the focal point.

On the other hand only artificial illumination is used in a microscope. The artificial illumination is made to fall at the focal point in a microscope. It is interesting to note that a telescope and a microscope differ from each other in terms of the curvature of the lens.

A microscope is used to look into smaller details like the structure of the cells and the unicellular organism. On the other hand larger objects that are very far off are the targets of a telescope. In short it can be said that a telescope is used to look into space. Magnification is the keyword in both the scientific instruments.

5. Antibiotics and Vaccines

1) Vaccine kills virus while antibiotics kill bacteria.

2) Vaccine is taken once and has permanent effect whereas antibiotics work during the time of disease.

3) Antibiotics are available in different forms like tablets, capsules, drops or ointments. Vaccines can be given orally or through injection.

4) Vaccines are preventive method that is taken before getting infected. Antibiotics are taken after getting infected.

OR

- Vaccines act against most microorganism, whereas antibiotics act against bacteria.

- Vaccines are provided before the manifestation of the infection, but antibiotics are given mostly after.

- Vaccines usually have a specific single type of microbe, whereas antibiotics would act against a multitude of species.

- Vaccines enhance the natural immunity, and antibiotics cause destruction of the biochemistry of the organism.

- Vaccines are highly effective against organism, but there may be resistance to antibiotics needing the development of newer antibiotics.

- Both have equally lethal complications, but vaccines carry a lesser range of complications related to antibiotics.