LITHOSPHERE
Lithosphere includes the Composition of the internal structure of the earth, rocks origin their formation and types viz, (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic), Plate tectonics, mountain building geomorphic process internal and external earthquakes, volcanic activity, weathering mass wasting, erosion and deposition, cycle or erosion, Landforms produced by surface water, ground water, wind and glaciers.

HYDROSPHERE
Hydrosphere includes the Configuration of the ocean floor, ocean deposits. Composition, temperature and salinity of ocean water, movements of the ocean water, waves, currents and tides.

BIOSPHERE
Biosphere includes the origion and evolution of the life on the earth (with reference to the geological time scale). Formation and types of soil. Eco-systems and world major biomes.