1. Which of the following English groups were supportive of the French Revolution during its early years?

a) Tories
b) Republicans
c) Liberals
d) Radicals
e) both c and d


2. Which statement(s) about inventions during the Industrial Revolution are true?

a) Hand labor became less common with the invention of power-driven machinery.
b) Velcro replaced buttons and snaps.
c) Steam, as opposed to wind and water, became a primary source of power.
d) The invention of textile processing machines marked the end of the Industrial Revolution.
e) both a and c

3. What is the name for the process of dividing land into privately owned agricultural holdings?

a) partition
b) segregation
c) enclosure
d) division
e) subtraction


4. Which social philosophy, dominant during the Industrial Revolution, dictated that only the free operation of economic laws would ensure the general welfare and that the government should not interfere in any person's pursuit of their personal interests?

a) economic independence
b) the Rights of Man
c) laissez-faire
d) enclosure
e) lazy government


5. What served as the inspiration for Percy Bysshe Shelley's poems to the working classes A Song: "Men of England" and England in 1819?

a) the organization of a working class men's choral group in Southern England
b) the Battle of Waterloo
c) the Peterloo Massacre
d) the storming of the Bastille
e) the first Reform Bill, passed in 1832, which aimed to bring greater Parliamentary representation to the working classes


6. Who applied the term "Romantic" to the literary period dating from 1785 to 1830?

a) Wordsworth because he wanted to distinguish his poetry and the poetry of his friends from that of the ancien régime, especially satire
b) English historians half a century after the period ended
c) "The Satanic School" of Byron, Percy Shelley, and their followers
d) Oliver Goldsmith in The Deserted Village (1770)
e) Harold Bloom


7. Which poets collaborated on the Lyrical Ballads of 1798, thus demonstrating the "spirit of the age," which, in an era of revolutionary thinking, depended on a belief in the limitless possibilities of the poetic imagination?

a) Mary Wollstonecraft and William Blake
b) Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley
c) William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
d) Charles Lamb and William Hazlitt
e) Dorothy Wordsworth and Sally Ashburner


8. Which of the following became the most popular Romantic poetic form, following on Wordsworth's claim that poetic inspiration is contained within the inner feelings of the individual poet as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"?

a) the lyric poem written in the first person
b) the sonnet
c) doggerel rhyme
d) the political tract
e) the ode

9. Romantic poetry about the natural world uses descriptions of nature _________.

a) for their own sake; to merely describe natural phenomenon
b) to depict a metaphysical concept of nature by endowing it with traits normally associated with humans
c) as a means to demonstrate and discuss the processes of human thinking
d) symbolically to suggest that natural objects correspond to an inner, spiritual world
e) b, c, and d


10. How would "Natural Supernaturalism" be best characterized as a Romantic notion introduced by Carlyle?

a) a form of animism in which objects in the natural world are believed to be inhabited by spirits
b) a spontaneous belief in the supernatural based upon a surprise encounter with a supernatural being
c) a process by which things that are familiar and thought to be ordinary are made to appear miraculous and new to our eyes
d) the experience of hallucinating contact with the supernatural world when taking opium
e) an oxymoron that nobody understood and that cannot be explained in the context of a discussion of Romantic literature


11. Which setting could you not imagine a work of Romantic literature employing?

a) a field of daffodils
b) the "Orient"
c) a graveyard
d) a medieval castle
e) All of the above would be appropriate settings for Romantic literature.


12. Which poet asserted in practice and theory the value of representing rustic life and language as well as social outcasts and delinquents not only in pastoral poetry, common before this poet's time, but also as the major subject and medium for poetry in general?

a) William Blake
b) Alfred Lord Tennyson
c) Samuel Johnson
d) William Wordsworth
e) Mary Wollstonecraft


13. What is the term we now use for what the Romantics called "mesmerism," one of the "occult" practices that allowed people to explore altered states of consciousness?

a) smoking opium
b) hypnotism
c) psychoanalysis
d) dream interpretation
e) Satanism

14. Romantic poets would have enjoyed, agreed with, and perhaps written about which of the following figures as depicted?

a) Goethe's Faust in Faust, who is sinful because he attempts to exceed the bounds of human knowledge by making a pact with the devil but is nonetheless redeemed in his striving to break free of the bounds of mortality
b) Icarus, who is killed in attempting to fly because only Gods have the power to fly and mortals must be taught the limitations of human existence
c) Prometheus, who succeeds in stealing fire from the Gods and thereby surpasses the limitations placed on humans by the Gods
d) all of the above
e) a and c only: Romantics were more interested in representations of humans as they were able to exceed their human limitations.


15. Which of the following best describes the sort of language and tone most often used when Romantic writers discuss the French Revolution?

a) snide indifference
b) biblical reverence
c) condemning censure
d) satirical derision
e) none of the above: Romantic writers had no interest in the French Revolution.


16. Which of the following descriptions would not have applied to any Romantic text?

a) a spiritual autobiography written in an epic style
b) a lyric poem written in the first person
c) a comedy of manners
d) a political tract demanding labor reform
e) a novel written about the intellectual and emotional development of a monster created by a scientist


17. Which of the following poems describe or celebrate an apocalyptic regeneration of humanity and the world effected by the creative capacity of the human mind?

a) Coleridge's Dejection: An Ode
b) Blake's "Prophetic Books"
c) Carlyle's Sartor Resartus
d) Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman
e) all but d


18. Which sorts of political reform took place during the Romantic period?

a) Parliamentary reform, increasing representation of the working classes
b) Labor reform, improving working conditions for industrial laborers
c) Voting reform, extending suffrage to men and women
d) Educational reform, producing a dramatic increase in literacy
e) a and d only: Significant labor and voting reform would have to wait for the Victorian era and later.


19. Which of the following factors contributed to literature becoming a profitable business?

a) Commercial and public lending libraries were established in order to provide for an enlarged reading public.
b) Education reform increased literacy, thus creating a demand for commercial and public lending libraries.
c) A new aesthetics of valuing literature for its own sake emphasized reading for pleasure.
d) People had more leisure time to read and more disposable income to spend on reading materials.
e) all of the above


20. Which of the following periodical publications (reviews and magazines) appeared in the Romantic era?

a) London Magazine
b) The Spectator
c) The Edinburgh Review
d) The Tatler
e) a and c only


21. According to a theater licensing act, repealed in 1843, what was meant by "legitimate" drama?

a) The dramaturge and playwright had to be related.
b) All of the actors were male.
c) All of the actors were British.
d) The play was spoken.
e) The play had to be a full musical or produced in full pantomime.

22. The Gothic novel, a popular genre for the Romantics, exemplified in the writing of Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe, could contain which of the following elements?

a) supernatural phenomenon
b) perversion and sadism, often involving a maiden's persecution
c) plots of mystery and terror set in inhospitable, sullen landscapes
d) secret passages, decaying mansions, gloomy castles, and dark dungeons
e) all of the above


23. Given the popularity of the Gothic novel and the novel of purpose, which of the following novelists wrote fiction that is closer in subject matter to the novel of manners than it is to the writing of her own era?

a) Fanny Burney
b) Mary Wollstonecraft
c) Anna Letitia Barbauld
d) Jane Austen
e) Mary Shelley


24. Which two writers can be described as writing historical novels?

a) Mary Shelley and Percy Bysshe Shelley
b) William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge
c) Sir Walter Scott and Maria Edgeworth
d) Jane Austen and Charlotte Brontë
e) none of the above: Romantic novelists never wrote historical novels.


25. Which of the following texts addresses class as a social and economic reality?

a) William Godwin's Inquiry Concerning Political Justice
b) Percy Bysshe Shelley's England in 1819
c) William Godwin's Caleb Williams
d) Sir Walter Scott's The Heart of Midlothian
e) all of the above


26. Which Romantic writer(s) wrote in more than one of these popular literary forms: essay, novel, drama, poetry?

a) Percy Bysshe Shelley
b) William Wordsworth
c) George Gordon, Lord Byron
d) Samuel Taylor Coleridge
e) all of the above


27. Which of the following would not have been an appropriate protagonist for a Romantic literary text?

a) a French revolutionary
b) a Greek or Roman mythological figure
c) a monster fabricated in a laboratory
d) a vagrant, gypsy, or any other itinerant social outcast
e) All would have been appropriate protagonists for a Romantic literary text.


28. In which of the following works is the social outcast represented and addressed?

a) Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein
b) William Worsworth's Lyrical Ballads
c) Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
d) John Keats's "To Autumn"
e) all but d


29. Looking to the ancient past, many Romantic poets identified with the figure of the

a) troubadour
b) skald
c) chorister
d) minstrel
e) bard

30. What did Byron deride with his scathing reference to "'Peddlers,' and 'Boats,' and 'Wagons'!"?

a) the neo-classical influence of Pope and Dryden
b) the clumsiness of Shakespeare's plots
c) the Orientalist fantasies of Coleridge
d) Wordsworth's devotion to the ordinary and everyday
e) Blake's apocalyptic visions


31. Wordsworth described all good poetry as

a) the rhythmic expression of moral intuition
b) the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
c) the polite patter of a corrupted age
d) the divine gift of grace
e) the foul rag and bone shop of the heart.


32. Which poet asserted in practice and theory the value of representing rustic life and language as well as social outcasts and delinquents not only in pastoral poetry, common before this poet's time, but also as the major subject and medium for poetry in general?

a) William Blake
b) Alfred Lord Tennyson
c) Samuel Johnson
d) William Wordsworth
e) Mary Wollstonecraft


33. Which of the following was a typically Romantic means of achieving visionary states?

a) opium
b) dreams
c) childhood
d) a and b
e) a, b and c


34. Which philosopher had a particular influence on Coleridge?

a) Aristotle
b) Duns Scotus
c) David Hume
d) Immanuel Kant
e) Bertrand Russell

35. Which of the following was not considered a type of the alienated, romantic visionary?

a) Prometheus
b) Satan
c) Cain
d) Napoleon
e) George III


36. Who remained without the vote following the Reform Bill of 1832?

a) about half of middle class men
b) almost all working class men
c) all women
d) b and c
e) a, b and c

37. Which of the following charges were commonly leveled at the novel by its detractors at the dawn of the Romantic era?

a) Too many of its readers were women.
b) It required less skill than other genres.
c) It lacked the classical pedigree of poetry and drama.
d) Too many of its authors were women.
e) all of the above


38. Which chilling novel of surveillance and entrapment had the alternative title Things as They Are?

a) Jane Austen's Emma
b) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
c) William Godwin's Caleb Williams
d) Sir Walter Scott's Waverley
e) Horace Walpole's Castle of Otranto


39. Which of the following is a typically Romantic poetic form?

a) the fractal
b) the figment
c) the fragment
d) the aubade
e) the comedy of manners


40. Who exemplified the role of the "peasant poet"?

a) John Clare
b) John Keats
c) Robert Burns
d) a and c only
e) b and c only


41. Who in the Romantic period developed a new novelistic language for the workings of the mind in flux?

a) Maria Edgeworth
b) Sir Walter Scott
c) Thomas De Quincey
d) Joanna Baillie
e) Jane Austen

1)e
2)e
3)c
4)c
5)c
6)b
7)c
8)a
9)e
10)c
11)e
12)d
13)b
14)e
15)b
16)c
17)e
18)e
19)e
20)e
21)d
22)e
23)d
24)c
25)e
26)e
27)e
28)e
29)e
30)d
31)b
32)d
33)e
34)d
35)e
36)e
37)e
38)c
39)c
40)d
41)e