Strategies for Alleviation of Poverty


Essay 2005

Strategies For Alleviation Of Poverty

Out Lines

1.What is poverty 2.Causes of Poverty 3.Poverty in Pakistan

4.How poverty can be alleviated a. Good Governance b.full use of natural resources c.fair distribution of wealth

d.to control exploding Population e.spreading of education

5.Conclusion

1.Poverty

According to United Nation definition of poverty," A person's daily income below the one and half dollar is in the state of extreme poverty".Categorically, the term poverty divided by various ways", such as, extreme and moderate poverty in term of wealth.Apart, just deprive of sufficient amount of wealth is not at all poverty, but lack or expired of utility services, potable water,absence of gas and electricity, deteriorating law and order situation are also poverty.

2.Causes of poverty

The negligence of due share and fragile points are staple of poverty.As few hands who directly monopolize the mainstay resources of the country for protecting their personal interests is the cause of the concerns. When economic system is mainly on the hands of few, therefore, sharpen the poverty because of unfair distribution of wealth.The world id well to do with many clashes between the capitalist and working class.Yet, the working class has been converging on demands of egalitarianism as to ensure the requirements of basic needs of life rather to let it into the hands of few.Eventually,this rivalry has put the world been in danger.



Almost all developed countries of the world are either democratic or capitalist base democratic countries except China,have altered the whole course of period and have broken the ice o ignorance.Denmark and Norway are both capitalist western countries but their respected government make them visible sign of prosperity through taxation reforms.

The matter is neither capitalism not does socialism,' but on above context the basic problem is,the will and determination of welfare reforms.Naturally,every country has its own nature of problems.As fewer are poor by natural resources,inefficiencies and some are in spite of abundant of natural resources has been in condition of poverty due to political instability.These are the bane of the problems.Further,poverty is caused by exploit of natural resources,bad governance, keep away from modern education,fixed majority over minority are prerequisites of spreading poverty.



3.Poverty in Pakistan

Contrary to the developed countries, the under developed countries usually do face the challenges of political instability due to the less approach in prudence dealings into matters.Remember, under developing countries are those which are striving hard on the spheres of political,economic and social level as to become a stable country.As earlier mention that,fewer countries have have usually same and others are indifferent nature of problems.An oil-rich country can deliver social projects no matter what literacy rate it possess.Fewer are deliberately emerged due to establishing modern education system.Similarly, oil and gas, coal and gold rich countries have in state of poverty because they internally face challenges of good governance.

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan's story has always been deplorable due to bad governance.There are manifold reasons of being volatile country since its emergence, yet, after sixty three years of independence.



Politically, Pakistan has always been remained unstable",the successive military over takes is the cause of concerns which have been direct impact on economy.The education,health care and basic infrastructure could not become source of change.Moreover, these successive governments came up with new polices on governing people on expulsion of the previous due to prejudicial manner.Consequently,successive education and health policies could not become fruitful or deliberate negligence by new government.

Economically,political instability suffered the annual growth rate,heavy out flow of Foreign Direct and Indirect investment, sky-rocketing inflation, burden of Foreign and domestic debits put pressure on rupee,' Therefore rupee d evaluated from 60 to 90 against U.S dollar with increasing circular debit rate.Remember,only one rupee devaluation increases an extra sixty billion rupees of debits in both foreign and domestic circular debit.Similarly,endless economic recession has enlarged the unemployment rate from 20 to 25 per cent.Moreover,9 per cent of tax ratio in Gross Domestic Product(GDP) is less than regional countries where tax ratio is about 14 per cent of their GDP.Currently, only 3 million people are paying wealth tax in world's fifth largest populous country.Remember,Reformed General Sales Tax(RGST) previously termed Value Added Tax (VAT) was an attempt of coalition Government lead by Pakistan Peoples Party from 9 to 14 per cent, but miserable failed due to the narrow minded politician in pursuing of political score game.These are the causes of poverty in Pakistan.



Socially and morally,Pakistani people have been in state of neurosis and psychosis because of sky-rocketing inflation,energy crisis,deteriorating law and order situation,fluctuating political imbroglio,war against terrorism have hampered their psyche.

In spite of, government is not looking seriously to increase the annual budget on education and health care which have direct impact on socio-economic condition pf poor families.The annual budget on education is just about 1.4 per cent while neighboring countries allocated 4 per cent of their annual education budget and meet the requirement UNESCO.The situation of health care is not vary from it.Health budget 2011-12, was just 15 billion rupees.Consequently, private entrepreneurs has got quite smooth space which they now provide qualitative education and health care services only accessible by elite and affordable middle class.aftermath,these political,social and economic level in Pakistan poses upright threat to its progress .





4.How poverty can be alleviated

Poverty can be alleviated from following measures:.

a.Good Governance



For political,economic and social renaissance, the good governance is indispensable.The process of thinking for reducing poverty,the act of what to do and what not to do,what policy should be consider and what policy should be throw out, are necessary for achieving goals of good enough governance.Pakistan needs such multitude governance which can think over subjects before taking decision.

b.Full use of natural resources

Good governance formulates and issue license to foreign mineral companies for exploration of natural resources in the country.Any discovery provides job opportunities,development projects that alleviate the poverty.Before sixty years ago when Arab countries were living in an extreme conditions but after wards,exploration of oil changed their living standard.

Pakistan is too a fortunate country where natural resources are in abundance.The world's best irrigation system in Pakistan that fertile the land throughout Pakistan.About 70 per cent of total population belong to agriculture.Yet, the government have not come forward with vigor agriculture policy that can guide the agriculturist to grow crops through modern forensic tools for better yield as to meet domestic needs.Through this one third population of the country could be provide employment.Similarly, agriculture also provide raw material to various industries where thousands of labors do work in development of country.Textile is our mainstay industry that alone share 70% of total exports.Similarly,worlds second coal reservoir at District Badin,located south in Sindh,a province of Pakistan, and Worlds fifth largest gold reservoir at Reiko Diq a remote area of District Gawadr,in Baluchistan province if are properly handle by government,must be prove a milestone in the development of Pakistan.Through this the target of poverty alleviation could be achieved.

c.Fair distribution of wealth

Fair distribution of wealth has a significant role in reducing poverty;inequality in distribution of wealth perpetuate the capitalist who runs the affairs of the country.This trend id found almost in under developing countries where wealthy companies are allows to move freely only to protect their personal interests.Thus,fair distribution of wealth on gross root level dilute the financial and systematic needs of people that waltz on available employment opportunities.



Moreover,Pakistan is a country where distribution of wealth has been the prime menace between federation and provinces.Trickily Pakistan; political and social system were made only for feudal and bureaucracy,and was a formed a system that could provide them a way to govern on people.Consequently,East Pakistan was amputated due to unfair of distribution by dictatorial regime who began to deprive of largest province in form of bad-governance,injustice,ethnic disgusting,unemployment,in spite of,had have a key role in the economy of Pakistan.Similar statues Que is being followed despite bitter lesson from history.According to census 1998,the wealth of the lowest provinces have been plundered through National Finance Commission Award(NFC).Interestingly,Punjab contribute in NFC just about 25%,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 11%,Baluchistan 4% and Sindh contribute 60% respectively.But the division such resources is carried out by the population of provinces.Accordion to Census 1998, Sindh contribute 23%,Punjab 56%,Baluchistan 6% and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 11 %..When the situation is like that the goal of reducing poverty is indelible.

The Government of Pakistan ought to revisit such policy of distribution of wealth not on populous base but mainly through earning capacity.A few following immediate steps are the need of today as to overcome the goal of reducing poverty.:

1.Self autonomy and right of provinces on natural resources should be accepted.Yet,Eighteenth Amendment in the constitution have failed of reducing trust deficit between federation and provinces.

2.Agriculture reforms should be put fourth where no more than fifty acre of be given to individual.

3.Socio-economic infrastructure to gross root level should be spread on war base as to shed away sordid life standard of poorest families.

4.Health and education will be given priority because both are direct impact on people.

5.To foster good ties with neighboring countries including India and reducing of defense budget.





d.Control Of Exploding Population

Pakistan is a country of lowest per ca pita income.Any increasing amount of national income(GNP) does not increase the income of people due to the rapid growth of population.Remember,the annual birth rate of Pakistan is highest in the world;i.e,annual birth rate of Pakistan is 4% compare to China 1.1%,India,2.2%,Bangladesh 2.8% and Srilanka 1.8% respectively.It is consider that if this trend remain longer,the Pakistan will be become third largest populous country from 180 to 500 million people trill end of 2050.Exact after China and India;but ar present Pakistan is fifth largest populous country in the world.



Until and unless rapid growth of population is not controlled by effectual family planning programmes ,and its importance to through out country, the goal of reducing poverty will beyond control with no choice of resurrection.Following steps are requires to control rapid birth rate:.

1.A quotes said; Rich have more relatives and poor have more children.' Similarly,the first cause of rapid birth rate due to illiteracy any people in extreme poverty which have no idea even about how to live a healthy life.The government should come up with vigorous health and education policy that can render their best service far and wide in Pakistan with provision of free medicines,community meetings, financial assistance as they could come out their chronic disease of ignorance.

2.District and taulka administration will given all necessary facilitation as their access to remote areas could become possible.

3.The education and medical staff's participation in training programmes for achieving targets.And

4.Appointments of efficient administration from upper ton lower level as to counter acute problems courageously in achieving desired targets,are necessarily to defeat vicious circle of poverty.

e.Spreading Qualitative Education



Sonia Ghandhi once said;If you want to defeat your foe,do not sway it,but just snatch a pen from their hand."Thus above quotation exposes the importance of education that to away from acquiring education certainly drown the nations.Similarly,Pakistan must to focus on fruitful policies of primary,secondary and higher education in regards of producing competitive engineers,doctors,historian,politicians and troops which may prove themselves an assets for the country.At present,education have become dearest due to the negligence by government,consequently,half population of Pakistan have no access even to primary education.' Amnesty International says.In this stressing moments,only elite and affordable middle class families equip themselves from qualitative education and avail of military and civil services.Hence, poor class stand apart in account of low level of education,and the rift between poor and rich spreading largely.



In order to that,especially the Government of Pakistan come forward and tackle this serious issue immensely.Following measure are need of urgency to lift the standard of education.

1.Revisit to current outdated education policy and formulate new one.

2.The government has been focusing only on making the higher education system applicable as to contest in standard to abroad universities, have hampered the primary and secondary education.The respected government also look up to build the standard of primary and secondary education like higher education.

3.School Management Committee(SMC) must to be resurrected for betterment of educational environment;which is currently have proved a source of embezzlement.

4.Teacher union will be memorize that,the absent teachers will be penalize along with removing them from jobs

5.The syllabus must to be according to the level of standard.and

6.Increasing education budget from 1.4% to the level of 4% of GDP,are indispensable.Through this,poverty could be confined.

f.Reducing corruption



A corrupt country can never be alleviate poverty but wide the poverty on large scale.Though the corruption have many reasons,the appetite of wealth,lowest salary and unaccountability are particularly and others are generally; are keynotes of corruption.Certainly,corruption is found every where in the world,but for some it is problem,and for some like Pakistan,it is menace.

Transparency International,undertakes to to expose United Nation member countries by corruption.Current TI(CPI) issued the list of 180 most corrupt countries Dec,2011.Report said that the wide spread corruption in Pakistan directly suffered the living standard of poorer.Judiciary,public offices,law and enforcement agencies,in health and education are core portfolios recorded a massive corruption from last four years.And placed Pakistan numbered 140th most corrupt countries with score of 2.7 exact,after Somalia and Iraq.While Newzealand and Singapore stood number first and second less corrupt countries with score of 9.7 and 9.3 respectively.

Adil Naz.a chairman of TI in Pakistan said; The Government of Pakistan must deliver good governance in its all institutions as to decline the extent of corruption.' Further said that the government should counter the acute problems of trade deficit,devaluation of rupee,sky rocketing inflation,deteriorating law and order situation problems through result oriented efforts which will reduce unemployment and reduce poverty when the country will have smooth environment of economic activities.



5.Conclusion

Bad governance is a core of various problems that grow poverty along with all form of mismanagement.The Government of Pakistan ought to counter the acute problems,is being faced by Pakistan since its emergence.The goal of reducing poverty is achievable only through sincere maneuvers for healthy environment.As bad governance procure poverty,similarly,good governance diagnose and eradicate it.