The Constitution of 1962
Presidential Form of Government
Centralized Federal System
Unicameral Central Legislature
Governors and Provincial Legislatures
Judiciay
Islamic Character
The Interim Constitution of 1972
Presidential Form of Government
Office of the Vice President
Unicameral Legislature
Parliamentary form of Government in Provinces and also unicameral
The Constitution of 1973
Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles of State Policy
Parliamentary form of Government
President and the Cabinet
Bicameral at Centre and Unicameral at Provinces
Judiciary
Islamic Provisions
Emergency Provisions
Amendments
Recognition of Bangladesh
Ahmedis as Non Muslims
The PCO 1981
Federal Shariat Court
Office of the Mohtasib
Eighth Ammendment
Twelfth Amendment
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment Bill
17th Amendment
Legal Framework Order 2002
Judicial Crisis
Fall of
Musharraf and Election of Zardari
18th Amendment
Constitutional and Political Issues of Pakistan
Introduction
Pakistan is a pluralistic society with different ethnic, linguistic, cultural, religious, sectarian and parochial segments of the population living together.
All such groups have their own distinct demands and aspirations to which the constitutional and legal frame work must respond with clarity, sincerity and transparency.
Political demands and issues cannot be pushed under the rug by assuming that diversity is of no consequence in view of the fact that 98 percent of the population is Muslims.
Issues
Weak Political Parties
Debate over Form of Government
Role of Legislature
Sovereign of Subordinate?
Role of Judiciary
Independent or Subordinate?
Role of the Military
Master or Servant of the State?
Role of the Bureaucracy
Public Officers or Civil Servants
The issue of political autonomy
Religion and the state
Joint or separate electorates?
Partisan Conduct of Elections
Minorities: Secure or Scared?
Fundamental Rights and Civil Liberties
Corruption and Coercion in the corridors of Power
Pakistan at crossroads
Conclusion
The progressive political forces have in the past lost ground to retrogressive ones. This is a great betrayal of the people of Pakistan who have repeatedly rejected those who advocate an obscurantist, theocratic state. It is also a betrayal of the vision of the founder of the natio who wanted Pakistan to take an honoured place in the comity of nations as a developed and enlightened democratic state.