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The term Hindu was used vaguely by the Muslims immigrants with reference to all the inhabitants of India to which the epithet ‘Kefir’ (pagan or nonbeliever) was added for the purpose, of their distinction from the Muslims or the ‘true-believers, hence the phrase Hindu civilization and culture is synonymous with Indian Civilization and Culture of the pre-Muslim age for all intents and purposes. The Hindus had developed a very complex social structure by the beginning of the eleventh century. They were a caste-ridden society. The four traditional castes, the Chatur Varnas, originally based on occupations, had become hereditary since the dawn of the Christian era. These had multiplied like hudra heads into numerous sub castes and social groups, each standing in isolation from rest of the society. Tony bee refers to their caste system as a social enormity, which had disrupted its social unity. The various castes and sub-castes were divided into watertight compartments; they did not inter-marry nor share food with one another. People belonging to the same caste or sub-caste but living in different parts of the country gradually developed different social customs and manners, and ultimately, stopped inter-marrying or dinning together. Similarly, people belonging to the high castes looked down upon the low-castes and exercised discrimination against them. The multitude of the Hindus, therefore, did not add to their social strength because they stood like a house divided against itself. The caste system in the words of R.C dutt, ‘which unduly exalted the power and privileges of priests, had the inevitable result degrading all honest traders and industries other than that of priests. It served to divide the nation in order to exalt the priest”.


Precis

Social Structure of Hindu Culture

Muslims used the term Hindus for the inhabitants of India, but later it was only used for infidels. So Hindus civilization and culture refers to pre-Muslim culture and civilization of India. There traditional caste system was apartheid on basis of their occupation. Which gradually enhanced into sub-castes, they did not inter-marry nor share food with others. People of same caste living in different social customs. The people of high castes discriminate people of lower castes. R.C Dutt remarks, that this system serves to divide the nation and created mutual ill feelings