Why does lightening occur? Why do earthquakes shake the earth? Why the sky looks blue? These are some of the questions man’s curious nature has asked and science has provided answers to these questions. But there are some questions science has failed to provide a satisfactory answer.
1. What the universe is made of?.
Scientists have recently discovered that only 4% of the universe is made of the matter we know about. Everything on earth and every visible thing onm the sky is made up of atoms and molecules. Scientists have found that even the farthest stars are made up of Hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon etc. but the question is that these are only 4% of the total mass of universe. No one knows about the nature and composition of the remaining 96% part except that it is something other than atoms and molecules. Scientists have named this matter as “Dark Matter”.
2. What is conscious?.
We know thwt human brain is mmade up of specific sequence of cells and these cells are made up of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids etc. But the question is that how do these molecules interact to form such a brain that in addition of controlling the body functions thinks and fels.
3. Are we the only ones in the universe?.
According to a careful estimate the universe contains in addition to ours one billion and 30 million galaxies. Only our “milkyway” contains billions of stars like our sun. Planets revolve around many of these stars. But how many of these planets have life? Does any planet have an intelligent creature like human beings dwelling on it? These are the questions still to be answered.
4. Why do we sleep?.
All mammals sleep and if they are forced to awake for longer priods they may die. Some scientists think that some material in the body is lessened during awakening period which is remade during sleep.
Others are of the view that sleep is necessary to lessen some matter. But the problem is that during main stage of sleep that is REM brain remains much busy. So what is the exact purpose of sleep is not known but it is very necessary.
5. How did the life began?.
Darwin in his theory of evolution explained natural selection and that how organisms are adapted to their environment. But how did life evolve? Darwin called it a “great mystery”. It is thought that due to change in seasonal conditions of the earth some molecules interacted to form “life”. But the gulf between life and mixture of some compounds is too wide to be covered by human wisdom.

6. What is gravity?
Newton discovered that earth possesses gravity when he saw an apple coming to ground. But what is gravity? Is it a form of energy or some type of wave? Scientists say that gravity is a type of radiation emitted by an atomic particle called gravitan. But all the efforts to dicover gravitan in the laboratory have failed. So we don’t know anything except name about gravity.

7. What happened to Neandrethal?
Neandrethal was a human-like creature in Europe about 35000 years ago.They were much similar to human beings. They were very skillful in forming simple instruments and buried their dead ones with dignity. They were not only more powerful physically than modern man but had a bigger brain.
For about 5000 years man and neandrethal lived together but about 30000 years ago they became extinct. Some people say that some type of calamity hit upon them. Others are of the view that man fought wars against them and finished them. The researchers of University of Arizona say that they were basically hunters and all of them took part in hunting. In human beings only men hunted and women and children had different tasks. But actual reason that resulted in their extinction is unknown.

8. How and When the first language evolved?
It had been thought for a long time that language evolved some 50,000 years ago but now research has proved that language is even older than that. As far as HOW is concerned there are different views regarding this. Some researchers say that language was formed from a mixture of natural and animal sounds. Other say that language evolved from the sounds ancient man made to warn others of danger. Later on these sound took the form of language. The exact answer to “how” is still unknown.

9. What is time?
This had been the basic question from the very beginning of human civilization. Abncient Greek scholars thought that time is not material thing but imaginary. Isaaq Newton said that time and space are the frame in which all things are going on and they are unchangeable. But Einstien proved that time is not a constant in itself but its speed depends upon the speed of its measurer. If the velocity of a body is high the speed of time lessens. Scientists in the modern era say that time is not anything in itself but we feel it due to movement. If there is no work,m the feeling of time will no more be there. Perhaps human brain will be able to solve the mystery of time in future.

10. What is the composition of the earth?
We know that the core of earth lies some 6,400 km from the surface and it is made up of solid iron equal to the volume of the moon. We know that the crust of earth is formed of rocks and is about 3000 km thick. But what lies in the 3400km between the core and the crust. It is some type of molten matter but what is the composition of that matter? What is its relation to the elements of core and crust? These are the questions to which no satisfactory answer is available.

Reference: (Khabrain Sunday magazine 1st April, 2007).