Time allowed: 3 hours
Max marks:100


Note:Attempt any Five questions.


Q.1 Define silviculture and explain the different methods of thinning.What benefits foresters obtain from thinning operations?

Q.2 Differentiate between MAI(Mean Annual Increment)and CAI(Current Annual Increment). Calculate the volume of a popular stand on 20 hexters having ten years and 20 m3/ha/annum MAI. Identify and discuss the different management factors,which may influence the MAI.

Q.3 Explain which test (T-test or F-test) you would like to use for analyzing the tree girth data collected from the two Eucalyptus stands established in KPK province for identifying the difference or no difference within the tree girth of stands raised at different locations.

Q.4 What do you know about biological control of insects and pathogens to protect the forests? Explain what benefits you may obtain by opting biological control of insects and pathogens compared to the chemical control of insects and pathogens.

Q.5 Recent flood in Pakistan has caused big damage to the life and property in Pakistan.Being a Watershed Management Expert,what strategy would you suggest to reduce the flood losses in future.

Q.6 Describe the economic importance of Rangelands and discuss the major constraints to manage such lands in Pakistan. Which province of Pakistan has the highest rangeland area?

Q.7 Wood industry in Pakistan is facing the problem of shortage of wood. Suggest different factors, which may increase the supply of industrial wood from framlands. What impact of increased wood supply do you expect on wood prices in the industrial wood market? Show the impact graphically.

Q.8 Define logging and discuss different methods of logging in detail.What safety measures you would suggest for logging operation?