Time allowed: 3 hours
Max marks:100


Note: Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Describe the rock cycle. How can we identify the igneous rocks on the basis of mineral contents? Explain the types of sedimentary rocks based on chemical and mechanical characteristics.

2. Describe the mechanism and types of seismic waves. Define the most probable cause of earthquake and write and account of the earthquake in Pakistan.

3. Explain “solar input energy is equal to the earth’s output energy”. Also describe the different classification of Air masses and illustrate your answer with the appropriate examples.

4. Explain the mechanism of oceanic current that plays an important role to produce circulation in ocean water.

5. Define the internal structure of the earth from Asthenosphere to inner core and give reasons for “Core is probably composed of iron”.

6. How can we identify the different types of map and why the study of maps is so important in Geography and note down the characteristics of Cylindrical and Conical Projection.

7. Write down the short notes on any two of the following:
a) Weathering process
b) Volcanic activity
c) Landforms produced by River
d) Controlling factors for distribution of temperature