NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all, including question No. 8 which is COMPULSORY. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

1. In terms of research and newer technologies in current and future agriculture in Pakistan, how do you comment on the statement? “The basic texture of research consists of dreams into which the trends of reasoning, measurement and calculations are woven.”

2. What are the functions of water in soil and plants? How water stress affect the plant growth and development?

3. Define growth. Enlist and briefly describe the factors affecting it.

4. Briefly discuss the major problems and possible solutions for increasing productivity of horticultural crops.

5. Discuss methods of pest control and pathogen effect on plant physiological functions.

6. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following.
(a) Soil texture and structure and their management
(b) Application of genetics for improvement of crops
(C) Conducting tissues of carbohydrates, water and minerals.
(d) Photoperiodic and thermo integral responses of crop plants
(e) Components of agriculture integrated system
(f) Role of agriculture in the national economy.

7. Differentiate between the following:
(a) Genotype and phonotype
(b) Transpiration and Evapotranspiration
(c) Alley cropping and strip planting
(d) Determinate and Indeterminate plant species
(e) Photosynthesis and Phototropism



8. Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.

(A) Choose the correct option from the given choices.

(1) The agriculture of Pakistan is characterized by:
(a) Two main cropping seasons
(b) Three main cropping seasons
(c) Four main cropping seasons
(d) None of these

(2) The soil Survey of Pakistan has identified classes of land under a system of land capability classes:
(a) Six classes
(b) Seven classes
(c) Eight classes
(d) Nine classes
(e) None of these

(3) Highest nutrient concentration causes a phenomenon in plant growth known as:
(a) Adequacy
(b) Deficiency
(c) Toxicity
(d) None of these

(4) KATJA is cultivar of:
(a) Banana
(b) Mango
(c) Citrus
(d) Apple
(e) None of these

(5) Pome fruits include:
(a) Apple
(b) Pear
(c) Quince
(d) All of these
(e) None of (a), (b) and (c)

(6) Zizypus jujube is the botanical name of:
(a) Berseem
(b) Maize
(c) Rice
(d) Wheat
(e) None of these

(7) Osmite is a chemical used for control of:
(a) Virus
(b) Bacteria
(c) Fungus
(d) Mite
(e) None of these

(8) Wheat is placed in:
(a) Legumes
(b) Cereals
(c) Fiber
(d) All of these
(e) None of (a), (b) and (c)

(9) Nili is a breed of:
(a) Cow
(b) Buffalo
(c) Goat
(d) None of these

(10) Essential elements required for plant growth are:
(a) 10
(b) 12
(c) 14
(d) 16
(e) None of these

(B) Fill in the blanks:

(11) The science of fruit production is called ____________.
(12) Scriptothrips citri is a pest attacking ____________.
(13) Rearing a silk worm is known as ____________.
(14) Mangifera indica is a botanical name of ____________.
(15) NAR stands for ____________.
(16) Copying of m RNA into protein is termed as ____________.
(17) IBPGR stands for ____________.
(18) Unit of the material of inheritance is known as ____________.
(19) IUCN stands for ____________.
(20) IFAD stands for ____________.