Originally Posted by kal3m

here is the first solved paper of 2011, correct me where I have mistaken. I will try to solve old papers going back from 2011 to at least 2000. for the benefit of members.
1. The planet of the solar system which has maximum numbers of Moon is:

2011
a) Jupiter
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Uranus
e) None of these

2. Sun is a:

a) Planet
b) Comet
c) Satellite
d) Aurora
e) None of these (star)

3. the age of the solar system is

a) 4.5 billion years
b) 5.5 billion years
c) 6.5 billion years
d) 7.5 billion years
e) None of these

4. A unit of length equal to the average distance between the earth and sun is called

a) Light year
b) Astronomical unit
c) Parsec
d) Parallax
e) None of these

5. An eclipse of the sun occurs when

a) The moon is between the sun and the earth
b) The sun is between the earth and the moon
c) The earth is between the sun and the moon
d) The earth casts its shadow on the moon
e) None of these

6. The ozone layer protects the earth from rays sent by the sun:

a) Ultraviolet rays
b) Infrared rays
c) Gamma rays
d) radioactive rays
e) None of these

7. The ozone layer is present about 30miles (50km) in atmosphere above earth. The stratum (layer) of atmosphere in which ozone layer lies is called as:

a) Exosphere
b) Mesosphere
c) Stratosphere
d) ionosphere
e) Troposphere

8. Which rocks are formed by the alteration of pre-existing rocks by great heat or pressure

a) Igneous rocks
b) Sedimentary rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) Acid rocks
e) Basic rocks

9. The most abundant natural Iron oxides are

a) Magnetite and Pyrite
b) Magnetite and Bauxite
c) Hematite and Pyrite
d) Hematite and Magnetite
e) Hematite and Bauxite

10.The most abundant elements in sea water are

a) Sodium and Potassium
b) Sodium and Calcium
c) Sodium and Chlorine
d) Chlorine and Iodine
e) Magnesium and Sulphur

11. An electric current can produce

a) Chemical effect
b) Magnetic effect
c) Heating effect
d) All of these three
e) None of these

12. The unit of home electricity energy consumption is:

a) Watt hour
b) Kilowatt hour
c) Joule hour
d) Kilojoule hour
e) None of these

13. The magnet always points in the same direction, if move freely i.e. towards north and south poles, because of:

a) Gravitational field
b) A lot of metals deposits on north and south poles
c) Due to attraction of north pole and repulsion of Western pole
d) Earth is a huge magnet
e) None of these

14. When sound is reflected from floor, ceiling or a wall , it mixes with the original sound and change its complexion, it is called as

a) Sound
b) Echo
c) Reverberation
d) noise
e) None of these

15. the speed of sound in dry air at 20 C is about

a) 130 meters per second
b) 230 meters per second
c) 330 meters per second
d) 430 meters per second
e) None of these

16.The speed of light in vacuum is about

a) 300 Million meters per second
b) 300 Million meters per hour
c) 300 Million kilometers per second
d) 300 Million kilometers per hour
e) None of these

17. The time light takes from Sun to reach Earth is:

a) 8 minutes
b) 25 minutes
c) 45 minutes
d) 60 minutes
e) None of these

18. Light from Sun travels a distance before it reaches Earth:

a) 50 Million Km
b) 100 Million Km
c) 150 Million Km
d) 200 Million Km
e) None of these

19. the most suitable thermometer for measuring the boiling point of water is:

a) Mercury thermometer
b) Alcohol thermometer
c) Bimetallic thermometer
d) Liquid crystal thermometer
e) None of these

20. The density of water is greatest at:

a) 32°C
b) 0°C
c) 4°C
d) 100°C
e) None of these

21.Which one of the following statements is true:

a) Gases do not conduct heat
b) The best conductors are non-metals
c) Conduction currents occur only in liquids
d) A vacuum cannot conduct heat
e) None of the statements is true.

22. Ice can be changed to water by:

a) Adding more water molecules
b) Changing the motion of the water molecules
c) Rearranging the atoms in water molecules
d) Destroying the atoms in water molecules
e) None of these

23. The building blocks of elements are called:

a) Atoms
b) Molecules
c) Compounds
d) Isotopes
e) None of these

24. Boiling of an egg is a change which is:

a) Physical
b) Chemical
c) Physiological
d) Morphological
e) None of these

25. The temperature of liquid nitrogen is:

a) -32°C
b) -80°C
c) -100°C
d) -196°C
e) None of these

26. Which one of the following is an alkali?

a) water
b) vinegar
c) lemon juice
d) slaked lime
e) None of these

27. If an alkali is slowly added to an acidic solution, the pH of the acidic solution will:

a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Increase to 7 and then decrease
d) Decrease to 7 and then increase
e) Will remain same

28. The usual raw material for ceramics, generally found beneath the top soil is?

a) Sand
b) Slit
c) Clay
d) Plaster of Paris
e) Melamine

29. Polyamides are synthetic polymers commonly known as:

a) Synthetic rubber
b) Nylon
c) Cellulose
d) Protein
e) None of these.

30. Telephone was invented in 1876 in America by:

a) Marconi
b) Galileo
c) John Beard
d) Edison
e) Graham Bell.

31. Information can be sent over long distances in the form of:

a) Electrical signals through wires
b) Light signals through optical fibres
c) Radio waves through air
d) Any combination of these three.
e) None of these

32. Information can be stored in:

a) Audio and video cassettes
b) Floppy and compact discs
c) Hard disks
d) Laser and optical disks
e) All of these four

33.Computers can:

a) Add and subtract information only.
b) Add subtract and sort information only.
c) Add subtract sort and classify information.
d) Add and subtract but cannot sort information.
e) Add subtract and sort but cannot classify information.

34.IBM stands for:

a) International Business Machines
b) International Big Machines
c) Interrelated Business Machines
d) Interrelated Big Machines
e) None of these.

35. Chemicals used to kill weeds are called as:

a) Insecticides
b) Fungicides
c) Herbicides
d) Fumigants
e) None of these.

36. The cytoplasm consists of several types of structures, which are called:

a) Protoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Cytochromes
d) Organelles
e) None of these.

37. The structure of DNA was elaborated by Watson and Crick in:

a) 1909
b) 1923
c) 1945
d) 1953
e) None of these.

38. In a DNA molecules, the rule for base pairing is:

a) Adenine always bound with thymine and cytosine with guanine
b) Adenine always bound with cytosine and thymine with guanine
c) Adenine always bound with guanine and cytosine with thymine
d) Adenine always bound with uracil and cytosine with guanine
e) None of these.

39. Man belongs to the family:

a) Felidae
b) Hominidae
c) Mammalia
d) Primataceae
e) None of these.

40. Deficiency of vitamin C in human body causes a deficiency disease called:

a) Beriberi
b) Night blindness
c) Rickets
d) Scurvy
e) None of these.

41. To measure the specific gravity of milk, the instrument used is:

a) Hygrometer
b) Barometer
c) Lactometer
d) Hydrometer
e) None of these.

42. one of the fundamental characteristics of living organisms is:

a) Photosynthesis
b) Digestion
c) Excretion
d) Metabolism
e) None of these.

43. Plants growing on other plants are called as:

a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
c) Epiphytes
d) Pathogens
e) None of these.

44. As per eating habit, squirrels are:

a) Frugivorous
b) Herbivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Omnivorous
e) Insectivorous.

45. Water loss from leaves through stomata is called as:

a) Evaporation
b) Transpiration
c) Evapo-Transpiration
d) Respiration
e) None of these.

46. the study of how plants and animals interact with one another and with the non-living environment is called as:

a) Ecosystem
b) Sociology
c) Ecology
d) Habitat
e) None of these.

47. The number of bones in human body is:

a) 200
b) 202
c) 204
d) 206
e) None of these.

48. Nervous system in human consists of:

a) Brain and spinal cord.
b) Brain and nerves.
c) Spinal cord and nerves.
d) Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
e) None of these.

49. In human eye, the light sensitive layer made of specializes nerve cells, rods and cones is called as:

a) The pupil
b) The cornea
c) The sclera
d) The iris
e) The retina.

50. Erythrocytes are also called as:

a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
e) None of these

Q2: Write a short note on the following Muslim scientists by giving their exact life span and contribution to the field of science:-
a) Jabar-bin-Hayan b) Bu Ali Sina

Ans: a) Ibn e Sina (Avicenna)
1. 980-1037, Afsahana near Bukhara (Turkistan), abu ali hussain ibn e abdullah
2. Physician, philosopher, encyclopediest, mathematician and astronomer
3. Books were: qanuun fi tib “canon”, kitab al shifa, an najat, isharrat, 240 of his treaties were survived

b) Jabar ibn e hayyan (Geber)
1. 721-815, born in Persia died in Iraq, known as father of chemistry, studied under Imam jafar sadiq,
2. Contributions to chemistry crystallization, distillation, sublimation and evaporation, discovery of minerals and several acids like nitric, hcl, citric, tartaric, development of steel, dyeing of cloth, tanning of leather. He also developed aqua regia.
3. He described the distinct types of substances. Spirits, metals and powder, which were later classified as metal, non metal and volatile substances
4. Books “kitab ul rahmah, kitab al tajami, book of seventy, composition of alchemy”

Q3: Differentiate between any Five of the following pairs:-

a) Typhoons and Tornadoes

Typhoon: They produce torrential rains, winds from 74 to up to 160 mph. Heavy flooding is often associated, Large scale storm systems that may range in diameter from 100-1000 miles, they occur in the western Pacific Ocean and tend to be more intense than hurricanes because typhoons have more open water to cover
Tornadoes: A far more localized storm whose diameter ranges from 50 meters to up to 1.5 miles. Often occur in the central United States where cold air from Canada, warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico, a boundary between dry and moist air, a pocket of moisture in the atmosphere and varying wind speeds and directions in the atmosphere must be present to form tornadoes. Winds can range from 60 to up to 320 mph.

(b) Microscope and Telescope
Microscope: used for micro organisms, one or more positive lenses are used; some of the types of microscope are simple and compound microscope. In 15th century the 1st microscope was used which was simple microscope or magnifier. Some specified microscopes are electron microscope, infrared microscope, polarizing etc
Telescope: Galileo galilei was the first to use it in 1609, used to see far away objects clearly. Some types of telescopes are refracting telescope, reflecting and radio telescope. Mirrors as well as lenses are used, in refracting only lenses are used while in reflecting lenses with mirrors are used

(c) Ultrasonics and Infrasonics
Ultrasonic: above the audible frequency which is 20000 Hz, bat can hear up to 120,000 Hz,
Infrasonic: below 20 Hz are called Infrasonic which is audible to Human ear


(d) Hard water and Heavy water
Hard water: abundance of minerals in ordinary water forms hard water, it does not form lather with soap, its formula is H2O, through simple chemical reaction i.e. heating hard water could be converted to ordinary water

Heavy water: used as a modulator in nuclear reactor, formula is D2O, difficult to make it ordinary water,

(e) Isotopes and Isomers
Isotope: An isotope refers strictly to pure elements. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei are called isotopes. For instance, hydrogen-1 (1H) and hydrogen-2 (2H or deuterium) are isotopes of each other. Isotope has the same atomic number but different atomic weight
Isomer:
An isomer refers strictly to molecules. Two molecules having the same composition (i.e. the same molecular formula) but are different in the connectivity, shape or orientation, are called isomers.

(f) Antibodies and Antibiotic
Antibiotic: those chemicals which either kill or retard the growth of micro organisms, antibiotics are used frequently,
Antibodies: Antibodies are what your body produces in response to the presence of antigens (bacterial or viral surface structures). They merely assist your white blood cells in identifying and destroying invading microorganisms.

(g) Antigens and Vaccine
Antigens: term came from antibody generator, substance when introduced in body triggers the production of antibodies by the immune system.
Vaccine: used to prevent a disease from occurring, do not kill microorganisms, not used frequently, scheduled at fixed time interval, polio vaccine, BCG etc

Q4: (a) What is galaxy? The Earth belongs to which galaxy?

Ans: Galaxy is a fundamental unit of universe. Galaxy is a combination of stars and their remnants, dust and gases, there are billions of stars in each galaxy our solar system is only a small part of a galaxy named spiral galaxy or M81 galaxy, galaxies form different shapes, and some of them are spiral, spherical, elliptical and irregular. Our galaxy is also called Milky Way galaxy.

(b) Briefly describe what is big bang theory.

Ans: according to this theory universe came into existence about 15-20 billion years when a great explosion took place, before big band there was no time, no matter and no space. Although many critics do not believe this theory yet they are unable to bring any other theory.

(c) Do you think that Pluto is still ninth planet of our solar system? If yes, how and if not why?

Ans: Pluto is not any more the ninth planet in 2006 it has been declared by many astronomers that due to some reasons Pluto should not be included in solar system.
1- It is too small to call a planet, it belongs to dwarf planets.
2- Its orbit around sun is not in same way as the other planets revolve around sun.

Q5: (a) Basically how many forms of energy are there? Also name these.

Ans: Two forms
1. Renewable energy
2. Non renewable form of energy

(b) Enlist different types of energy.

Ans: Main 8 types of energy
1. Kinetic
2. Potential
3. Nuclear
4. Electrical
5. Light
6. Sound
7. Chemical
8. Heat

(c) What is renewable energy source? Quote three examples of renewable energy sources.

Ans: Renewable source of energy is a form of energy which comes from natural sources and are abundant, and these sources could not end sooner or later. Like sun, tides, wind, water

Q6: Is plastic a natural or an artificial polymer? Describe various types of plastics and their uses.

Ans: Plastic is an artificial polymer, plastics are synthetic organic materials of high molecular weight that can be shaped in almost any form under the heat; they may be colorless or colorful, transparent or opaque. First plastic was made in 1868 “celluloid”, in 1909 second type was made known as “bakelite”.
Plastics can be classified under two main headings
1. Thermosetting plastics: can be formed once, unrecyclable. Examples are Bakelite, polyesters and epoxy
2. Thermoplastics: recyclable, polyethylene, pvc
Types and uses
1. PVC “pipes, packing”
2. Polyethylene “baskets, buckets, toys”
3. Polystyrene “wall tiles, packaging, toys”
4. Polyesters “clothes”
5. Epoxy “repairing broken parts”

Q7: (a) What do the following abbreviations stand for?
i) LAN (land area network)
ii) HTTP (HyperText transfer protocol)
iii) HTML (hypertext markup language)
iv) PDF (portable document format)
v) URL (uniform resource locator)

(b) Differentiate between natural and artificial Satellite. For what purpose artificial satellites are used?

Ans: satellites are the objects which revolve around the planet. Moon is a natural satellite of earth, mars have two natural satellites, where as artificial satellites also revolve around the planet but they are manmade, they orbit the earth for different purposes; they receive solar energy for work. First satellite was launched by Ex USSR in 1957 named sputnik 1. Followed by America in 1960 and then the race of satellites started, today there are hundreds of satellites orbiting around the earth, America has the most satellites in Asia china is dominant by maximum satellites.

They help in weather forecasting, defining astronomical objects, intelligence, and for many other scientific purposes.

Q8: (a) What is the main function of:

i) Ribosome: A ribosome is a component of cells that assembles the twenty specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule determined by the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule

ii) Mitochondria: Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

iii) Lysosomes: Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

iv) Chloroplasts: are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy

v) Golgi apparatus: (also Golgi body or the Golgi complex) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, after whom the Golgi apparatus is named. It is inter-cell communication network that link nucleus with other organelles. It processes and packages proteins after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion.

(b) Give habitats of following animals:
i) Rattle Snake (America, Canada, Argentina)
ii) Ostrich (Arab, Africa)
iii) Platypus (Australia)
iv) Rhinoceros (Africa, southern Asia)
v) Chimpanzee. (Africa)

Q9 Write note on the following:-
a) Nucleic acids
• Are biological molecules and include DNA and RNA.
• Together with proteins they form macromolecules.
b) Fertilizers
• Inorganic salts which contain elements essential for plant growth
• Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are primary plant nutrients
• Calcium, magnesium and sulphur are secondary plant nutrients.
c) Semiconductors
• Semiconductors are materials through which the electricity passes partially
• In conductivity they lie between conductors and insulators.
• Their functioning evolve the solid state physics
• Silicon is example
d) Microwave oven
• Uses electromagnetic energy to heat and cook foods
• In 1945 first microwave oven was introduced.
• Microwave oven works by emitting electromagnetic waves through a tube, before reaching food waves pass through the fan like object called stirrer which splits the waves all around. These waves are harmful for mankind therefore the ovens are tightly closed. Moist food absorbs these waves more efficiently than the solid food. Metal containers are mostly unsuitable because they reflect the waves and cause damage to oven.
e) Internet
• Global system of inter connected computer networks
• use the standard IP to serve billions of users.