NOTE: Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal marks.

1. “Sociology is the scientific study of human social life.” Elaborate this statement with research methods applicable in sociological studies.

2. Discuss the contribution of Ibn-i-Khuldun as a Muslim social thinker.

3. Why are human groups ‘necessary’? How does our present society foster the growth of specialized groups?

4. “An institution is an organized system of social relationships which embodies certain common values and procedures and meets certain basic needs of the society.” Comment on the statement.

5. Discuss the theories of personality development with supporting examples.

6. “The world would be a hopeless muddle if we were allowed to do exactly as we pleased and have all the freedom we wanted.” Comment on the statement with reference to social control.

7. What advantages and disadvantages does a closed class system hold for a society? For the individual? Mention some deliberate attempts to decrease competition for status in Pakistan.

8. Why in a highly scientific society is religious still alive? What persisting human needs explain the persistence of religious institutions?

9. What are some of the change-promoting and change-resisting features of Pakistani society?

10. Write down notes on any two of the following:
(a) Group Dynamics
(b) Reference group
(c) Locking-glass self
(d) Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism