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Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi
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q.3 discuss different viewpoints regarding abnormality.
abnormality is defined as psychopathalogical and abnormal behaviour
introduction
abnormality is defined as deviation from the standard norms. Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology which deals with the abnormal behaviour. Basically abnormality is a characteristic assigned to those with rare and dysfunctional conditions.
It is characterized by
a) disability: It refers to general inability to perform some important functions of life. Not all disorders lead to disability but in certain cases, it impairs the ability of people to perform normal functions.
B) distress: a behaviour is defined as a abnormal if it causes distress to the individual. For e.g individuals in depression and anxiety disorder experience extreme distress. However, this is not a defining factor. There are many disorder which do not lead to distress. For e.g if someone suffers from anti-social behaviour disorder, he does not experiences mental agony and distress.
C) dysfunctional: a well known psychologist defined abnormality as a “harmful dysfunction”. This function has both subjective and objective connotation. Subjective is being harmful which is a relative terminology, whereas in objective sense it refers to the inability of an individual to perform acts he is normally used to performing.
D) violation of norms : another way abnormality may be defined is, as a violation of norms. For e.g individuals suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder perform any task repeatedly. Similarly, schizophrenics talk to imaginary people, this too is a violation of norms.
Viewpoints related to abnormality
i) biological: abnormality may e caused by biological causes, namely
• genetic
• neurotransmitter imbalance
• injury/trauma
ii) cognitive: sometimes abnormality is a result of improper cognitions i.e thinking , reasoning etc. Such a situation is averted by the cognitive psychologists be helping the patient to think in a rational manner. In number of cases, it is paired up with behavioural therapy.
Iii) behavioural: according to behaviourists, abnormality is a result of faulty learning. According to the behaviourist therapist certain methods such as aversive techniques and conditioning may be used to improve behaviour.
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popualr view or social view of abnormality
social norms ( distinguishing between right andwrong )
violation of social norms is the un written rule that are not acceptable to the social group . In this practice behavioral is incomprehensive and threaten to the social groip
for example in the eatern europe people stands close to the stranger , pitch , voice , and talks while in uk , this is abnormal .
According to definiation , the degree to which norm is violated and thea ssociation of the particular norms to the societuy.
Limitation ,this cocept is relative and change with the time ,as it i prctice currentlya cceptable to the peopel but later it may not be acceptable due to its change
example
in two century ago in europen society peole beat the chikd due to noise , violate of code , but now it is child abuse , so take into consider this concept
statistical frequency
in this teh trait , think ,behavior that is rare and unsual statistical . One thing that is regarded a intelligence . The personal that is mental retarded above and below teh optimized and average level of intelligence ,
in contratry , thsi is not true the person with the aveage iiq is regarded as intelligence in teh society ,
surely , thsi has limitatin and eth concept of desirability and undersablityis understand
example te left handed children is regarded as te abnormal , it is oposite to teh siciety and also rare ,but in truely , no body clasify it abnormal , so the comcept of abnormality is deviant and exception exsist.
Failure to function adequately
under thsi concept the persoanl is frequently unable to cope with the day to dya demand , thsi lead to eth failure of every day routines ,
sagleman classify following failure to function frequently
maaadptiveness (self danger)
un predictable , vividness
discofort to observer
violation of social norm and standard
thsi stil ahs limitation , teh behavioal is help ful as it is describe that the iobseesive compulsive individual with eth continue hand washing gives comfort
secondly , the individual with teh malaadtiveness ahs eth good practice
smolking
alcohloic activity
deviation from the set mental health
in society theset characteristices are part of the personality and psychology , but in few cases violation may occur
these are
recogzing about self
grwoth and development
about environment
reality of peception
independence and autonomy
but if the mastery of evnvironment is unable to acomplish , still individual set inthe environment nad adjust .
So it has also limitaion