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Old Sunday, December 15, 2013
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[QUOTE=Anis Ayub;679731]
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Originally Posted by exclusively View Post
1- Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences

Energy crisis

Outline:
Introduction
What is energy?
Its importance in global scenario
Current situation of energy crisis
Current energy picture of Pakistan
Energy mix
Consumption
Shortfall
Reactive approach rather than proactive
Factors responsible for energy crisis
Historical factors
Mushraff’s regime
Zardari’s regimes
Economic and developmental factors
Underdevelopment of energy infrastructure
Warn out plants
Water crisis
No investment in existing energy resources
Dependence on costly non renewable energy resources
Costly and failed short term projects
Poor distribution system
Line losses
Poor transport infrastructure
Lack of dams
Lack of extraction facilities for coal deposits
Unbalanced growth and capacity to generate
Depletion of natural gas reserves
Circular debts
Institutional factors
failure of instituition
corruption in energy and power sector
rental power projects
independent power projects
OGRA(oil and gas regulatory authority) and OGDCL(oil and gas developmemt company)
NAB Role
Political factors
Lack of government commitment
Poor planning
Underutlisation of allocated budgetary amount
Short sightedness of government
Political instability
Poor management
External US pressure and government
Rental power corruption case
Social factors
Increase in population
Electricity and gas theft
Wastage of energy
Non economic habits
Health effects
Increase in unemployment
Increase in poverty
Effects of energy crisis
Economic effectss
  • Shrinking direct foreign investment
  • Closure of industry
  • Capping economic growth
  • Decrease of exports
  • Increase in imports of generators, UPS
  • Increased unemployment
  • Heavy circular debts
  • Increased tariffs
  • Increased production cost
  • Devaluation of money
  • Increase in oil prices
  • Rise in inflation
  • Low tax revenue
  • Steep losses in public sector enterprises
  • Severe effects on agriculture
Social effects
  • Turmoil and chaos in society
  • Floods
  • Agitation
  • Educational losses
  • Critical problems for health sector
  • Poverty
  • Increase in crimes and extremism
  • Increase in suicides
  • Bridging gap between rich and poor
Political Effects
  • Political instability
  • Public trust erosion
  • Bad governance
  • Endangered sovereignty
  • Environmental Effects
  • Increased pollution
  • Increased health problems and diseases
Remedial measures:
Institutional reforms
Pragmatic steps to solve energy crisis
Quick remedial measures:
Technological reforms
  • Reducing the line losses
  • Improving the distribution system
  • Reducing the energy theft
  • Construction of water dams
  • Maintenance and up gradation of existing plants
Long term energy planning
  • Alternative energy resources
  • Tapping the untapped energy resources
  • Coal ,gas, nuclear energy
  • Renewable energy resources
  • Solar energy
  • Solar penals
  • Wind energy
  • Tidal energy
  • Bio fuel
  • Geothermal energy
  • Energy from municipal wastes
Political reforms
  • Political commitment
  • Proactive approach rather than reactive
  • Thar coal gasification project
  • Iran –Pakistan gas pipeline project completion
  • Completion of TAPI(Turkemanistan,Afghanistan,Pakistan,India)
Economic reforms
  • Proper utilization of Budgetary allocations
  • Independent audit of energy sector
  • Punishment implementation to the culprits
  • Social reforms and energy conservation
  • Cutting of organistaional cost
  • Awareness of employees
  • Economic habits
  • Economical use of equipments
  • Improvement of transport infrastructure
  • Educating the general masses
  • Reducing environmental impacts
  • Earth moment hour
  • Corporate social responsibility
“There is no energy crisis only the crisis of ignorance.”
Buckminster Fuller

Introduction:
Energy is the backbone of the country,blood in the veins of national life and factor which keep the life going on.Energy infuses life into human and business activities.It make things possible for functioning in a constant way.It allows socioeconomic development and prosperity.
Energy is the heart to the body of the nation life is not possible without sufficient blood running up and down the veins pumped by the heart round the clock.Its failure halts all the activities of life.Pakistan is marred by energy crisis inspite of abundant natural resources.The country has failed to utilise resources for its industry and economy .The current energy crisis has capped the economic growth of country.It has disturbed the peace and order of country as reflected in violent public protest against the long hours power shortages.It has crippled the economy.The transport sector is also on verge of annihilation due to shortage of CNG(compressed natural gas).However Pakistan can deal with its energy crisis ,first of all taking quick measures to build dams and maintenance and up gradation of old plants.Completion of IP(Iran- Pakistan )pipeline project and implementation of Thar coal Gasification project on war footings.Long term planning and investment in renewable energy resources like wind ,solar,bio gas,energy from municipal wastes tidal and geothermal energy.

To conclude the energy crisis face multifaceted challenges.It is result of years of mismanagement and poor planning.The situation become worst now.Due to untapped natural resources,under utilization of generating capacity,imbalance of per capita growth and energy supply,Pakistan energy sector is unable to meet the demands of energy sector.It has disastrous social ,economic,political repercussions for Pakistan.The time has come our political leaders should leave the petty politics of non issues and concentrate on critical issues.The policy makers at Islamabd should realize this issue more than violence,sectarianism and terrorism.Energy crises crippled the economic growth which in turn is essential for the sovereignty of the country.There should be balance between demand and supply of energy.If we follow the optimum energy policy and utilise our abundant natural resources and replace the furnace oil with cheaper gas from Middle east then our energy crisis will start reviving. Recentaly Punjab government has also made agreements with Chinese companies for solar penal implantation and again starting the Nandipur Power Project.As Punjab is the largest province and it contains a lot of industries which will be supplied with required energy and Industrial growth will be boosted.Recent government is also establishing Nuclear Power Plant with the help of china.
Developed world differentiate itself from the rest because it has been able to harmonise its supply and demand managing both at the same time.It is hoped every effort should be utilized to solve the energy crisis on war footings.It is hoped that change of new government will not merely be change of faces but it will bring better political, economic social and environmental changes .A prosperous, self reliant ,politically stable future has now become the destiny of the people of Pakistan.
“Hope does not come from calculating whether the good news is winning out over the bad. It is simply choice to take action.”
Anna Lappe



Exclusively and other seniors please comment.
Well, dear your outlines are very impressive. Introduction and conclusion both are really good. You have mentioned a lot of outlines, if I am supposed to attempt these outlines then I must require more then three hours. Hence, this point should be understood that the length of essay is of utmost importance while attempting a complete successful essay. Just compress your outlines and make them limited one so that you can attempt them in due time. Besides, your introduction is really impressive, I believe if you attempt like this, no one can fail you in this paper. Keep going on and practice as much as you can. Because practice makes the man perfect. And sorry to late reply, as I was getting busy at other threads, and had left this thread untouched. Though I have checked out your essay. Dear keep practicing on and attempt your upcoming essay, inshallah I will check your write up with my limited knowledge..


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Anis Ayub (Friday, December 20, 2013)