Chapter # 4
How to Pronounce -ed in English
The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
base verb(v1)-------- work
past simple (v2) -------worked
past participle (v3) -------worked
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:
- I like painted furniture.
The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?
The answer is: In 3 ways - / Id/ or / t/ or / d/
If the base verb ends in _____example ______example_____ pronounce
one of these sounds:_____ base verb*:_____with -ed: ____the -ed:
unvoiced ----- /t/ ______ want __________ wanted _________ / Id/
voiced ------ /d/ ________ end ___________ended
unvoiced ----/p/ _________hope __________hoped ___________/ t/
------------ /f/ _________ laugh _________ laughed
-------------/s/ __________fax ___________ faxed
voiced all other sounds,
for example...
_____________________ play ___________ played _________ / d/
_____________________ allow ___________ allowed
note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
Exceptions
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:
aged
blessed
crooked
dogged
learned
naked
ragged
wicked
wretched