Qias means to think about a problem or give ideas regarding a problem to solve that is likely not crystal clear given in Quran and Sunnah.
Ijma means to get united in a meeting, e.g. sholers/ulemas get united to solve a problem because problem is that much harder which is nearly impossible to solve on the basis of Quran and Sunnah easily Ummah. Hence, in this case, Ulemas perform ijma and solve problems on the basis of Quran and Hadith.
Fiqh means understanding of shariah according to Islamic Jurisprudence.
Ijtihad means to try or strive hard for some thing to solve a problem that seems beyond Islamic laws.
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