Account for
requires an answer that gives the reasons for the subject of the question.
Analyse
requires an answer that takes apart an idea, concept or statement in order to consider all the factors it consists of. Answers of this type should be very methodical and logically organised.
Compare
requires an answer that sets items side by side and shows their similarities and differences. A balanced (fair, objective) answer is expected.
Consider
requires an answer in which the students describe and give their thoughts on the subject.
Contrast
requires an answer that points out only the differences between two items.
Criticise
requires an answer that points out mistakes or weaknesses, and that also indicates any favourable aspects of the subject of the question. It requires a balanced answer.
Define
requires an answer that explains the precise meaning of a concep. A definition answer will include a definition, probably expanded.
Describe
requires an answer that says what something is like, how it works and so on.
Discuss
requires an answer that explains an item or concept, and then gives details about it with supportive information, examples, points for and against, and explanations for the facts put forward. It is important to give both sides of an argument and come to a conclusion.
Elucidate
requires an answer that explains what something means, makes it clear (lucid).
Evaluate/Assess
require an answer that decides and explains how great, valuable or important something is. The judgement should be backed by a discussion of the evidence or reasoning involved.
Explain
requires an answer that offers a rather detailed and exact explanation of an idea or principle, or a set of reasons for a situation or attitude.
Explore
requires an answer that examines the subject thoroughly and considers it from a variety of viewpoints.
Illustrate
requires an answer that consists mainly of examples to demonstrate or prove the subject of the question. It is often added to another instruction.
Justify
requires an answer that gives only the reasons for a position or argument. Answer the main objections likely to be made of them. Note, however, that the proposition to be argued may be a negative one (e.g. Justify the abolition of the death penalty.)
Prove/Disprove
both of these require answers that demonstrate the logical arguments and/or evidence connected with a proposition prove requires the 'pro' points, and disprove requires the 'contra' points.
State
requires an answer that expresses the relevant points briefly and clearly without lengthy discussion or minor details.
Summarise/Outline
require an answer that contains a summary of all the available information about a subject, i.e. only the main points and not the details should be included. Questions of this type often require short answers.
Trace
is found most frequently in historical questions (but not only in History courses); it requires the statement and brief description in logical or chronological order of the stages (steps) in the development of e.g. a theory, a person's life, a process, etc.
To what extent is X true?
requires an answer that discusses and explains in what ways X is true and in what ways X is not true.

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