G
Gap analysis: a marketing technique used to identify gaps in market or product coverage. In gap analysis, consumer information or requirements are tabulated and matched to product categories in order to identify product or service opportunities or gaps in product planning.
Gateway: E-Commerce: a point where two or more computer networks meet and can exchange data.
GDP: Gross domestic product, the total flow of services and goods produced by an economy over a quarter or a year, measured by the aggregate value of services and goods at market prices.
General partner: A partner who has unlimited liability for the obligations of the partnership.
General partnership: A partnership in which all partners are general partners.
General union: A trade union which represents workers (often unskilled but also including semi-skilled) from a variety of traders.
Globalization: The process of tailoring products or services to different local markets around the world.
GNP: Gross National Product, GDP plus domestic resident's income from investment abroad less income earned in the domestic market accruing to noncitizens abroad.
Goodwill: Excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired under purchase accounting.
Gross profit: The difference between the selling price and the cost of an item. Gross profit is calculated by subtracting cost of goods sold from net sales.
Gross profit margin: Gross profit divided by sales, which is equal to each sales dollar left over after paying for the cost of goods sold.
Growth capital: Funding that allows a company to accelerate its growth. For new startup companies, growth capital is the second stage of funding after seed money.
Growth phase: A phase of development in which a company experiences rapid earnings growth as it produces new products and expands market share.
Growth rate: The rate of an economy's growth as measured by its technical progress, the growth of its labor, and the increase in its capital stock.
Growth stock: Common stock of a company that has an opportunity to invest money and earn more than the opportunity cost of capital.
Guarantee: A pledge by a third party to repay a loan in the event that the borrower defaults.
Guarantor: A person or organization that guarantees repayment of a loan if the borrower defaults or is unable to pay.
Guerilla marketing: A marketing technique, the aim of which is to damage the market share of competitors.
H
Hard sell: a heavily persuasive and highly pressured approach used to sell a product or service.
Haulage: The transport of bulk goods or products; usually refers to road transport but can also refer to rail transport.
Hedge fund: a mutual fund that takes considerable risks, including heavy investment in unconventional instruments, in the hope of generating great profits.
High end: Relating to the most expensive, most advanced, or most powerful in a range of things, for example, computers.
High-pressure: a selling technique in which the sales representative attempts to persuade a buyer very forcefully and persistently.
Holding company: A parent organization that owns and controls other companies or A corporation that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors.
Home page: The "table of contents" to a Web site, detailing what pages are on a particular site. The first page one sees when accessing a Web site.
Horizontal integration: The merging of functions or organizations that operate on a similar level. Horizontal integration involves the union of companies producing the same kinds of goods or operating at the same stage of the supply chain.
Hyperinflation: Very rapid growth in the rate of inflation so that money loses value and physical goods replace currency as a medium of exchange.