I put my minimum effort to correct some mistakes, and i hope if there are some mistakes left from my side will be corrected by others.In this manner we can be able to learn.
Incorrect
(2) Shall you not take my word in this matter?
Shall you not take my words in this matter?
OR Will you not take my words in this matter?
Correct
Aren't you taking my word in this matter?
Reason:we use present continuous for the action that is going to be happened in the near future as well as

the sentence is a type of 'negative question which always begins with 'negative of auxiliaries'.

incorrect:
(6) It is high time they mend this road.
It is high time that they mend this road.
OR It is high time to mend this road.

Correct sentence would be,
It's time they mended this road.
it suggest the meaning that road is already depreciated and it has been long time since it is not repaired.


incorrect
(7) I heard him went down the stairs.
I heard him going down the stairs.

Correct sentence would be,While i was going down the stairs,i heard his voice.
or
I heard his voice;while,i was going down the stairs.

dependent clause(d.C)and independent clauses(I.C.) are joined by subordinate conjunction(S.C) and here in this sentence 'however' is used as s.c.
Structure of the sentence is
IC+;+S.C.+D.C OR S.C+D.C+,+I.C

(5) Neither he nor I are in the wrong.
Neither he nor I am in the wrong.
Both are incorrect,because in the aforementioned sentence word 'wrong' is acting as an adjective e. so concluded that i'am wrong is subject complement.
in such sentences we immediately place adjective or noun or gerund.
correct sentence would be; Neither he nor i am wrong.

incorrect
Paper is made of wood.
The paper is made of wood.
Both are incorrect,Because it reads as wood is made through paper.
Like threads are made from clothes
correct sentence would be,paper is made from wood.