2. Aryan Civilization (1500 BC)

The second most ancient civilization of subcontinent is Aryans, they migrated from Central Asia. There migration is attributed to drought; shortage of grass for cattle. They entered the subcontinent through khyber pass, defeating, whosoever came in their way. They settled first in areas mostly included in Pakistan, then they moved to Ganga and Jumna. Aryans founded Rigvedic society, and brought old version of Sanskrit, form which present day Urdu, Sindhi languages are derived. Aryans seemed to be combatant, tall and strong in appearance, hence, they defeated the local population and settled in the subcontinent.
Aryans were cattle breeders, they worked in fields and live village life, in joint family, usually whole authority hold by head of the family. Head of the family enjoyed all powers and was responsible to look after the affairs of family.
Their society was divided into caste system, four of which are more famous 1. Brahmans (Religious leaders and superior than all), 2. Kshatriya (Soldiers and who carried out the work of defense), 3. Vaish (Craftsman, Farmers, Laborers), 4. Shudders (Untouchables, assigned the work to serve the nobles, usually the Brahmans, they became servants, sweepers).
Aryans brought craftsman, Goldsmiths, Carpenters, masons. They knew to make large boats, ships, hence they discovered more areas, rivers and settled as a farmer's. They also knew the art of cloth making, weaving, women used to wear jewelry.