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TWEETY · #1 Sunday, August 10, 2008

Computing chronology
1614: john Napier invented logarithms
1615: William Oughtred invented the slide rule.
1623: Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635) invented the mechanical calculating machine. 1645: Blaise Pascal produced a calculator.
1672-74: Gottfried Leibniz built his first calculator, the Stepped Reckoned
1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed an automatic loom controlled by punch cards.
1820: the first mass-mass produced calculator, the arithometer was developed by Charles Thomas de Colmar (1785-1870).
1822: Charles Babbage completed his first model for the difference engine.
1830’s: Babbage created the first design for the analytical engine.
1890: Herman Hollerith developed the punched-card ruler for the US census.
1936: Alan Turing published the mathematical theory of computing.
1938: konerad zuse constructed the first binary calculator, using Boolean algebra.
1939: US mathematician and physicist J V atanasoff become the first to use electronic means for mechanizing arithmetical operations.
1943: the colossus electronic code-breaker was developed at Bletchley Park, England. The Harvard university mark for automatic sequence controlled calculator (partly financed by IBM).
1946: ENIAC (acronym for electronic numerator, integrator analyzer, and computer), the first general purpose, fully electronic digital computer, was completed at the university of Pennsylvania.
1951: Manchester University (England) mark 1, the first stored-programme computer. Whirlwind, the first real-time computer was built for the US air-defense system. Grace Murray Hopper of Remington Rand invented the compiler computer programme.
1953: Mangnetic core memory was developed.
1958:The first integrated circuit was constructed.
1963: The first minicomputer was built by Digital; Equipment (DEC). The first electronic calculator was built by Bill punch Company.
1964: Lunch for IBM system /360, the first compatible family of computer, John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz of Dartmouth College invented BASIC (beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instructed Code), a computer language similar to FORTRAN.
1965: the first supercomputer, the controlled CD6600, was developed.
1971: the first microprocessor, the Intel 404, was announced.
1975: CLIP-4 the first computer with parallel architecture was developed by John Backus at IBM.
1981: the Xerox star system, the first WIMP system (acronym for window, icons, menus and pointing devices), was developed; IBM launched the IBM PC.
1984: Apple launched Macintosh computer.
1985: the Inmos T414 transporter, the “off-the-shelf “microprocessor for building parallel computers, was announced.
1988: the first optical microprocessor, which to store light instead of electricity, was developed.
1989: Water –scale silicon memory chops able to store 200 million charters, were launched.
1990: Microsoft released Window 3, a popular windowing environment for PCs.
1991: IBM developed word’s fastest high-capacity memory computer chip, SRAM (static random access memory), able to send or receive B billion of information per second.
1992: Philip launched the CD-1 (compact disk-interactive) player, based on CD audio technology, to provide interactive multimedia programme for the home user.