Let's improve spellings

[Malmeena Khan]

SPELLING RULES:-

1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can have the following endings :

nouns + s/es (plural) e.g; books ideas matches
verb + s/es (after he/she/it) e.g; works enjoys washes
verb + ing e.g; working enjoying washing
verb + ed e.g; worked enjoyed washed
adjective + er (comparitive degree ) e.g; cheaper quicker brighter
adjective + est (superlative) e.g; cheapest quickest brightest
adjective + ly (adverb) e.g; cheaply quickly brightly

2. Nouns and verbs + s/es

The ending is es when word ends in s/ss/sh/ch/x :
e.g; bus/buses miss/misses wash/washes match/matches
search/searches box/boxes
NOTE also:
potato/potatoes tomato/tomatoes do/does go/goes

3. Words ending in y e.g; (baby,carry,easy etc.)

If a word ends in a consonant + y(by/ry/sy/vy etc.)
y changes to ie before the ending e.g; baby/babies story/stories country/countries secretary/secretaries
huryy/hurries study/studies apply/applies try/tries

y changes to i before the ending ed :
e.g; hurry/hurried study/studied apply/applied try/tried

y changes to i before the endings er and est :
e.g; easy/easier/easiest heavy/heavier/heaviest
lucky/luckier/luckiest

y changes to i before the ending ly :
e.g; easy/easily heavy/heavily temporary/temporarily


y does not change before ing :

hurry/hurrying study/studying apply/applying try/trying

y does not change if the word ends in a vowel + y
(ay/ey/oy/uy) :

e.g; play/plays/played monkey/monkeys
enjoy/enjoys/enjoyed buy/buys

An exception is : (die, lie, tie)
Note also: pay/paid lay/laid say/said
4. Verbs ending in ie (die, lie, tie) :
If a verb ends in ie, ie changes to y before the ending ing
e.g; die/dying lie/lying tie/tying

5. Words ending in e (hope, dance, wide etc.) :

Verbs
If a verb ends in e, we leave out e before the ending ing
e.g; hope/hoping smile/smiling dance/dancing
confuse/confusing
Exceptions are be/being
And verbs ending in ee :
If a verb ends in e, we add d for the past (of regular verbs):
e.g; hope/hoped smile/smiled dance/danced
confuse/confused


Adjectives and Adverbs :
If and adjective ends in e, we add r and st for the comparative
and superlative :

e.g; wide/wider/widest late/later/latest
large/larger/largest

If and adjective ends in e, we keep e before ly in the adverb :
e.g; polite/politly extreme/extremely absolute/absolutely

If an adjective ends in le (simple, terrible etc.), the adverb
ending is ply, bly etc. :
e.g; simple/simply terrible/terribly
reasonable/reasonably


6. Doubling consonants (stop,/stopping, wet/wetter/wettest etc.

Sometimes a word ends in vowel + consonants. For example :

stop plan rub big wet thin prefer regret
Before the endings ing/ed/er/est, we double the consonant at
the end. So p ---> pp, n ---> nn etc. For example :

stop p ---> pp stopping stopped
plan n ---> nn planning planned
rub b ---> bb rubbing rubbed
big g ---> gg bigger biggest
wet t ---> tt wetter wettest
thin n ---> nn thinner thinnest


If the word has more than one syllable (prefer, begin, etc.),
we double the consonant at the end only if the final syllable
is stressed : e.g;

preFER/ prefrring/preferred perMIT/permitting/permitted

reGRET/regretting/regretting beGIN/beinning

If the final syllable is not stressed, we do not double the final
consonant: e.g;

VISit/visiting/visited deVELop/developing/developed
HAPpen/happening/happened reMEMber/remebering

In BRITISH English, verbs ending in l have ll before ing and ed
whether the final syllable is stressed or not : e.g;

travel/travelling/travelled cancel/canelling/canelled

For AMERICAN spellling final syllable is not stressed : e.g;
travel/traveling/traveled cancel/canceling/canceled


NOTE that:

We do not double the final consonant if the word ends in two
consonants (rt, lp, ng etc.) : e.g;
start/starting/started help/helping/helped
long/longer/longest

We do not double the final consonant if there are two vowel
letters before it (oil, eed etc.) : e.g;

boil/boiling/boiled need/needing/needed
explain/explaining/explained
cheap/cheaper/cheapest loud/louder/loudest
quiet/quieter/quietest

We do nto double y or w at the end of words. (At the end of the
words y and w are not consonants.) e.g;

stay/staying/stayed grow/growing new/newer/newest


7. When ie or ei is pronounced like ee in 'jeep', i comes before e
except after c. e.g;

believe receive
relieve receipt
achieve deceive
grieve deceit
yield conceive
field conceit

Some exceptions :

seize protein counterfeit
weird surfeit plabeian

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[Asi01]

Excellent Effort!
your work is commendable but if i do not forget these spelling rules are resembled with the Rules of Singular and plural number.

[Malmeena Khan]

Originally Posted by Asi01

Excellent Effort!
your work is commendable but if i do not forget these spelling rules are resembled with the Rules of Singular and plural number.

Thanks for appreciation ,
That's why few of members make mistakes while typing, they often mis-spell the words. After all it's not for you but for those who really need it and are habitual of sms based spellings

[doli]

Dear seniors
I am facing spelling mistakes problems...even i tried hard to correct my this weakness but failed...i consulted grammer's books as well but no relife...now i am trying my level best to follow your effort...i can speak well,i have good vocab even i have appropriate grammar skills apart from spellings...this is the ONE factor that caused my failure in essay in 2011 despite of my good score in all other subjects..i didn't get my DMCs on net yet but one of my friend told me my marks by using his source..but i cant share my DMCs without reliable fpsc proof...after getting that i ll discuss it with all the supporting members fo forum because this forum is my only teacher..
regards