Poverty ...seniors please check it out

[Saira Nadeem]

Outline
What is poverty ...etymology ... Explanation ...types...how poor are...poverty in Pakistan...Root causes of poverty...a) Feudal system ...b) Lack of proper Governance...c) Economic Vulnerability d)Political Instability and corruption...
e) Environmental factors f) Gender discrimination... Conclusion

Poverty

He is poor who doesn't have enough, he is poorer who cannot get enough."
(jean guehnno)
Poverty is ethical state not statistical . Poverty is a state who lacks some material possession and money. Destitutions means lack of basic human needs like shelter cloth ,
Fresh water food etc. About 1.7 billion people of the world are estimated to live in absolute poverty.
The word poverty came from latin word papuper =poor
Poverty is denial of choice and opportunities , violation of human dignity . It is lack of basic capacity to participate in society effectively . Poverty means not having enough to feed and cloth a family , not having school or clinic to go , not having any land to grow one’ food , not having any job to earn money . It is insecurity and powerlessness and exclusions of individual households and communities.
Absolute poverty has set of standards over time and between countries. The world define absolute poverty as having income less than $1(PPP) .Moderate poverty as having income less than $2-$5 per day.
About 1.1 billion people of the world in 2001 having consumption less than $1 , and 2.7 billion having consumption less than $2.
To fight agaist poverty is greatest challenge of our time. Continous efforts have been made in this regard. For developing world poverty rate has declined to 28% in 1999 to 21% in 2001.
Most improvements has occurred in south and Asia.
Pakistan is continuous source of poverty but is fair better than India and Bangladesh.
Middle class families has grown 40 million in Pakistan which is one quarter of population. According to Human development index 60.3% population of Pakistan lives under $2 per day.As in 2007-08 17.2% people are living below the poverty line . Which is highest figure in history of Pakistan . IMF has prepared poverty reduction interim strategy .Human Price Index of Pakistan is 0.572 which is better than of Bangladesh 0.543.
Poverty has risen 22-26% in fiscal year 1991 to 32-35% in fiscal year 1999. It has subsequently fallen to 27 %. In 2008 it has reduced to 17.2%.

According to Henry Gorge “ The main cause of poverty is personal ownership and monopoly . This fact is pertaining not only globally but specifically in Pakistan .
As Pakistan has feudal Landlords system, These landlords have thousands acres of land , and do very little work on agriculture for themselves . They have tenants . 51% tenants owe money from these landlords.
Pakistan needs adequate governance . As Pakistan has run by military dictatorship for the long period of time alternative with limited democracy. These rapid change in Government has led to rapid change in policy , and reduction of transparency.
Ignored states of Pakistan like Baluchistan and Khyber Pakshtunkhwa has renderd the region poverty.
Economic vulnerability is key factor for rise in poverty . Vulnerability arises from social insecurity powerlessness. Other sources of economic vulnerability is daily harassment by corrupt govt officers , underperformance and denial of basic rights . Lack of adequate health care , which is very expensive but still preferable to medical malpractice. Expired medicines are still available on stores which causes deaths of people.

Political instability and corruption causes reduction in business and deterioration of economic growth . Corruption is major cause and directly linked with poverty. The perceived security threat on Indian borders is dominant in Pakistan ‘s culture , which led to domination of military politics and excess spending on defense. Interior threats like terrorism also deteriorate economic growth . Foreign investors are reluctant to invest here.

Environmental factors like deforestation , delusion , agro –chemicals also contribute to poverty . Pollution increases toxicity resultant in poor industrial standard . Besides these natural disaster also increases poverty in country like 2010 flood , which causes thousands of people homeless , jobless and victim of poverty.
Gender discrimination also shape poverty in country. Traditional gender role defines woman’s role in home not in workplace , and man is breedwinner . thts why society invests more in man than in woman. Literacy rate for woman is 43.6% as compare to man which is 68.2% . In legislative woman constituted less than 3% in constitution.



The figures cited by the government for people living below the poverty line have come to be widely questioned. With poverty alleviation being the buzzword these days in our economic and social development and a key criterion for aid givers, Policymakers are desperately trying to make their success by reducing poverty levels, but unfortunately only policies can’t resolve the issue . Their must be proper implementations of these strategies and leadership for resolving this issue .
Main cause of poverty in our country is over population as Malthus stated “the race between increasing population and increasing production, population must win”
It is vital that poverty reduction measurement must be utilized, alternative startgies should be implement . Monopoly of individuals must be discouraged . As Karl Marx said
Main cause of poverty is personal ownership and monopoly of individuals on land , and is exploitations of workers.

“Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings."
(Nelson Mendela)

[marilatif]

miss u have given good facts and figures. in fact these concrete facts will substantiate your point of view, provided u portray them in a logical sequence. your quotations are also worth reading. also u have covered the whole world in ur topic by emphasizing more on pakistan. this all what i say in support of your write up.

however, for better understanding make a proper outline first. and then write a complete essay. since both of these are missing in ur this post, so hopefully first u will come up with a good outline and then getting comments from seniors, write a detail essay.

regards

[Saira Nadeem]

actually this is my first attempt ,and I am preparing this for tehsildar exam.

[marilatif]

Originally Posted by Saira Nadeem

actually this is my first attempt ,and I am preparing this for tehsildar exam.

no problem. on one is master by birth. practice makes man perfect. so keep practicing. i would say u can improve quicker than anybody can.

my best wishes for ur exam