one minute please.
 

i need detailed answers of the following questions.

[B]a-When and How Islam penetrated in North Africa?
b-Conquests of North Africa from Amr Bin Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi
c-A brief introduction of North African countries.
d-North Africa before and after Muslim conquest
[/B]

You wrote one minute please' and you needed 'detailed answers' for following questions .. :)

In one minute I can only say that detailed answers for these questions can be found in 'The preaching of Islam' by Sir Thomas Arnold .. Chapter 4 of the book 'The spread of Islam among the Christian nations of Africa' and Chap 11 'The spread of Islam in Africa' can provide you with sufficient detail relating your questions ..

PS: Please do not mind any attempted humour above .. I'm busy with my exams, so it's difficult for me to deal anything in detail at the moment ..

Regards ..

any short cut :sad:

[QUOTE=nisha cute;582159]any short cut :sad:[/QUOTE]

If I needed something badly then what I told you would have been the best short cut for me, i.e, just pick the book from any book store costing only Rs. 175 and go through given chapters .. Still if that too much then Google .. ::blink

Regards ..

[QUOTEb-Conquests of North Africa from Amr Bin Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi][/QUOTE]
[B]The conquest of North Africa….
From Amir bin-Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi and onward

Introduction
Islamic revolution and teaching of the Holy Prophet never confined to the Arabian peninsula. It spread for and wide into European and African lands. The journey started from the caliphate of Hazrat Umar and ended in the days of Walid Bin Abdul Malik, the Umayyad caliph.


Amir bin Aas and the conquest of Egypt .

Egypt was under the roman subjection prior to Muslim conquest. The African christen were suppressed by their Roman’s rulers due to the difference in the beliefs of the two discrete religions. Amir bin Aas sought permission from the caliph Hazrat Umar (ra) to invade Egypt. He marched with 4000 Muslim troops to Egypt.
*The then governor of Egypt Maqukas, took refuge in the fort of Kistat
*Hazrat umar(ra) sent reinforcement of 10000 muslims to quicken the conquest
*after seven months of prolonged siege, the city fell in the hands of muslim

The conquest of Iskandria

Amir Bin Aas sieged Iskandria. The roman emperor retaliated with mighty army the qaiser of rome died and Maqukas made agreement with muslims. Incidentally hole Egypt yielded to muslims.

The conquest during Hazrat Usman’s caliphate

Hazrat Usman appointed abdulah bin abi Sarih as the governor of Egypt. He was the man of patience and courage
He first invade tarablu. The governor of trablus came with one lac twenty thousand troops, the war lasted for many days and lingered on stalemate then Hazrat Usman sent reinforcement under the command of abulah bin zubair. He made repeated attacks on Tarblus and made them surrender.

Conquest of Uqba fin nafi Uqba,
Muslim rule was extended and strengthened by Uqba.he conquered major region Lawata and Zanana. He laid down the foundation of Kirwan. 670 A.D he established several cantonments to keep check on the rebellious N. Africans.

Under the region of Yazid

Uqba continued the conquering the Aferican cities one after the other.

Rebellion of Kasila.

Uqba was betrayed by a berber leader Kasila, who had embraced islam, he damaged the muslim army on large scale

Abul Malik and N. African conquest

He appointed Zahir to put down the rebellions of Kasilla, in Karwan ,Zahir defeated Kasilla and destroyed his accomplices. Later on the romans attacked Zahir and martyred him
Hass’an and his conquests
Hass’n once again conquered the lost kirwan, then he marched to Kistanja where Berebers and romans were gathering force , but the y defeated by Hass’n . this victory strengthened the muslim rule in N.Africa greatly.

Queen wamiya and Hass’n
After victory at khartnja , he decided to attack Queen Wamiya’s region , she was very influential and notorious due to her alleged super-natural power. Hass’n was defeated at her hands and muslim army suffered huge losses , nearly half decade later. Hass’n returned with mighty army and routed Queen wamiya
This became decisive victory for muslim authority and power in N.Africa

Musa bin Nusair
He was appointed by Walid, Musa expelled all Romans from N.Africa. the elderly and prudent administration of Musa brought prosperity in the region. His principles of equality , honor, justice and liberty won the hearts of many Berbers who converted to Islam in his region
[/B]

[QUOTE=alihashmatkhoso;582181][QUOTEb-Conquests of North Africa from Amr Bin Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi][/QUOTE]
[B]The conquest of North Africa….
From Amir bin-Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi and onward

Introduction
Islamic revolution and teaching of the Holy Prophet never confined to the Arabian peninsula. It spread for and wide into European and African lands. The journey started from the caliphate of Hazrat Umar and ended in the days of Walid Bin Abdul Malik, the Umayyad caliph.


Amir bin Aas and the conquest of Egypt .

Egypt was under the roman subjection prior to Muslim conquest. The African christen were suppressed by their Roman’s rulers due to the difference in the beliefs of the two discrete religions. Amir bin Aas sought permission from the caliph Hazrat Umar (ra) to invade Egypt. He marched with 4000 Muslim troops to Egypt.
*The then governor of Egypt Maqukas, took refuge in the fort of Kistat
*Hazrat umar(ra) sent reinforcement of 10000 muslims to quicken the conquest
*after seven months of prolonged siege, the city fell in the hands of muslim

The conquest of Iskandria

Amir Bin Aas sieged Iskandria. The roman emperor retaliated with mighty army the qaiser of rome died and Maqukas made agreement with muslims. Incidentally hole Egypt yielded to muslims.

The conquest during Hazrat Usman’s caliphate

Hazrat Usman appointed abdulah bin abi Sarih as the governor of Egypt. He was the man of patience and courage
He first invade tarablu. The governor of trablus came with one lac twenty thousand troops, the war lasted for many days and lingered on stalemate then Hazrat Usman sent reinforcement under the command of abulah bin zubair. He made repeated attacks on Tarblus and made them surrender.

Conquest of Uqba fin nafi Uqba,
Muslim rule was extended and strengthened by Uqba.he conquered major region Lawata and Zanana. He laid down the foundation of Kirwan. 670 A.D he established several cantonments to keep check on the rebellious N. Africans.

Under the region of Yazid

Uqba continued the conquering the Aferican cities one after the other.

Rebellion of Kasila.

Uqba was betrayed by a berber leader Kasila, who had embraced islam, he damaged the muslim army on large scale

Abul Malik and N. African conquest

He appointed Zahir to put down the rebellions of Kasilla, in Karwan ,Zahir defeated Kasilla and destroyed his accomplices. Later on the romans attacked Zahir and martyred him
Hass’an and his conquests
Hass’n once again conquered the lost kirwan, then he marched to Kistanja where Berebers and romans were gathering force , but the y defeated by Hass’n . this victory strengthened the muslim rule in N.Africa greatly.

Queen wamiya and Hass’n
After victory at khartnja , he decided to attack Queen Wamiya’s region , she was very influential and notorious due to her alleged super-natural power. Hass’n was defeated at her hands and muslim army suffered huge losses , nearly half decade later. Hass’n returned with mighty army and routed Queen wamiya
This became decisive victory for muslim authority and power in N.Africa

Musa bin Nusair
He was appointed by Walid, Musa expelled all Romans from N.Africa. the elderly and prudent administration of Musa brought prosperity in the region. His principles of equality , honor, justice and liberty won the hearts of many Berbers who converted to Islam in his region
[/B][/QUOTE]

Ali , this is just an outline, i need explanatory answers.

[QUOTE=nisha cute;581623]i need detailed answers of the following questions.

[B]a-When and How Islam penetrated in North Africa?
b-Conquests of North Africa from Amr Bin Aas to Uqba Bin Nafi
c-A brief introduction of North African countries.
d-North Africa before and after Muslim conquest
[/B][/QUOTE]

This is the link of the book [B]Preaching of islam[/B]

[url]http://ia700404.us.archive.org/24/items/preachingofislam00arnouoft/preachingofislam00arnouoft.pdf[/url]

You can get detail answers of the desire questions by going through the chapters 4 and 11 as Stunner has prescribed.
Hope so this will help you.

[B]@nisha cute

[/B]You are not a new member. Always give appropriate and well meaning titles to your threads. [B]Read [URL="http://www.cssforum.com.pk/general/forum-policies-rules-regulations/4443-forum-rules-policies.html"]Forum Rules[/URL].
[/B]

c. A brief introduction of North African countries
 

[COLOR="DarkOrchid"][B][U][SIZE="4"]Algeria[/SIZE][/U][/B]
is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa,
When Muslim Arabs arrived in Algeria in the mid-7th century, a large number of locals converted to the new faith. After the fall of the Umayyad Arab Dynasty in 751, numerous local Berber dynasties emerged. Amongst those dynasties were the Aghlabids, Almohads, Abdalwadid, Zirids, Rustamids, Hammadids, Almoravids and theFatimids.
Algeria was made part of the Ottoman Empire by Hayreddin Barbarossa and his brother Aruj in 1517.
On the pretext of a slight to their consul, the French invaded and captured Algiers in 1830. Algeria gained independence in 1962.[/COLOR]

[COLOR="SeaGreen"][B][U][SIZE="4"]Egypt[/SIZE][/U][/B]
is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its estimated 80 million people live near the banks of the Nile River. Egypt is one of the countries which contain the sahara desert.
Monuments in Egypt such as the Giza pyramid complex and its Great Sphinx are its world famous landmarks.
In early 2011, Egypt underwent a revolution, which resulted in the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak after nearly 30 years in power.[/COLOR]

[COLOR="DarkOrange"][B][U][SIZE="4"]Libya[/SIZE][/U][/B]
Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa by area, Tripoli is its capital. Sahara desert, covers roughly 90% of Libya,
In 647 an army of 40,000 Arabs, led by Abdullah ibn Saad, the foster-brother of Caliph Uthman, penetrated deep into Western Libya and took Tripoli from the Byzantines definitively. Libya's Southern region was conquered by Uqba ibn Nafi in 663 and Berber resistance was overcome.
During the following centuries Libya came under the rule of several Islamic dynasties, under various levels of autonomy from Ummayad, Abbasid and Fatimid caliphates of the time
Libya served as colony of Italy from 1911 to 1947. On December 24, 1951, Libya declared its independence as the United Kingdom of Libya,
Colonel Gaddafi, was the autocratic ruler of Libya from 1969, when he seized power in a military coup, until 2011 when, as a result of the 2011 Libyan civil war, his government was overthrown by a NATO-backed rebel force. His 42-year rule makes him the longest-ruling Arab leader[/COLOR]

[COLOR="Purple"][B][U][SIZE="4"]Morroco[/SIZE][/U][/B]
Or the kingdom of morocco is also a country in north Africa. The political capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca; other large cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Morocco's official languages are Arabic and the Amazigh language.
Islamic expansion began in the 7th century. In 670 AD, the first Islamic conquest of the North African coastal plain took place under Uqba ibn Nafi, a general serving under the Umayyads of Damascus. Arabs brought their language and Islam, to which most of the Berbers converted
Later Morocco became a state of some interest in itself to the European powers. And served as protectorate of both spain and france.
Mohammed VI is the present King of Morocco and Amir al-Mu'minin (commander of the faithful). He ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the possibility of dissolving the parliament. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. [/COLOR]

[COLOR="MediumTurquoise"][B][U][SIZE="4"]Sudan[/SIZE][/U][/B]
is a country in North Africa. It is also considered part of the Middle East politically and geographically.
Its capital is Khartoum, which serves as the political, cultural and commercial centre of the nation, while Omdurman is the largest city.
The people of Sudan have a long history extending from antiquity which is intertwined with the history of Egypt, with which it was united politically over several periods. After gaining independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956,
his led to the Second Sudanese Civil War in 1983. Because of continuing political and military struggles, Sudan was seized in a bloodless coup d'état by colonel Omar al-Bashir in 1989, who thereafter proclaimed himself President of Sudan.The civil war ended with the signing of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement which granted autonomy to what was then the southern region of the country. Following a referendum held in January 2011, South Sudan seceded on 9 July 2011 with the consent of Sudan's President al-Bashir.
On 4 March 2009, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir, the current President of Sudan, on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity related to the ongoing conflict in the Darfur region of western Sudan. Al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state ever indicted by the ICC[/COLOR]

[COLOR="DarkRed"][B][U][SIZE="4"]South sudan[/SIZE][/U][/B]
South Sudan is a landlocked country usually considered to be a part of North Africa or Eastern Africa. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more centrally-located Ramciel in the future
On 14 July 2011, South Sudan became the newest, youngest United Nations member state.193rd
President :Salva Kiir Mayardit
[/COLOR]

[COLOR="Olive"][B][U][SIZE="4"]Tunisia[/SIZE][/U][/B]
is the northernmost country in Africa, capital is tunis
Tunisia was occupied by Vandals during the 5th century AD, Byzantines in the 6th century, and Arabs in the 8th century. Under the Ottoman Empire, Tunisia was known as "Regency of Tunis". It passed under French protectorate in 1881. After obtaining independence in 1956 the country took the official name of the "Kingdom of Tunisia"
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is a former Tunisian politician and the second President of the Tunisian Republic. He held the office from 7 November 1987, until he was forced to step down and flee the country on 14 January 2011
[/COLOR]

source:wikipedia

[B]Stunner and others, please enlighten.[/B]

Q.Briefly describe the scientific and literary progress of the Muslims during Abbasid period? i am bit confused about this question. either we should describe two things i.e., a.scientific , b. literary progress or its simply scientific progress. As a matter of fact, i know about scientic achievements but not literary.